Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach 11th Edition Test Bank

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The Development Through Life Perspective75CHAPTER ONEThe Development Through Life PerspectiveCHAPTER OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVEITEM NUMBER1.To introduce the basic assumptions that guide theorientationof the text.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11,60, 61, 62,63,73,74, 75,76, 77, 78, 79,96,101, 1022.To introduce the psychosocial approach to the studyof development, including the inter-relationshipamong the biological, psychological, and societalsystems.12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,40, 41, 42, 43, 44,45, 46,68, 69, 70, 71,64, 65, 66, 67, 68,80, 81, 82,83, 84, 85, 86, 8797,98, 99,103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 1083.To note historical changes in life expectancy andexamine the implications of these changes for thestudy of development over the life span.47, 48, 49, 50,51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,58, 59, 72,88, 89, 90,91, 92, 93, 94,95,100,109, 110MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS1.Which of the following statements best illustrates the case of Patrick Jonathan Carmichael?a.The quality of parent-child relationships in adulthood is based on the economic resourcesof the familyduring childhood.b.Children can redefine their relationship with their parents in adulthood.c.Parents who are dependent in later life were likely to have been passive in their adulthood.d.Parent-child relationships are constant from childhood through adulthood.Applicationp. 4DCO: 1Moderate2.An individual’s life story is influenced by which of the following factors?a.physical abilitiesb.socioeconomic statusc.sexual orientationd.all of theseFactualp. 4DCO: 1Easy3.The life span approach strives to identify _____________.a.interactions of individuals that produce prejudice and discriminationb.patterns of transition and transformation from one period of life to anotherc.individual differences in biological factors that lead to maladaptationd.uncommon bonds among groups of people that lead to hostility between societiesApplicationp. 4BCO: 1Difficult

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Test Bank Chapter 1764.Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of the Newman and Newman text?a.Human growth occurs up to age 12.b.The primary purpose of the study of human development is to explain objective thought.c.Behavior must be interpreted in the context of settings and relationships.d.Human behavior has the same meaning in every setting.Factualp. 5CCO: 1Moderate5.The reason we need to understand the whole person is becausea.we function as an individual.b.our families do not affect our development.c.we function in an integrated manner.d.we do not contribute to our own development.Conceptualp. 5CCO: 1Moderate6.In the context of human development assumptions, the termplasticityrefers to ________________.a.continuity and developmental changeb.adaptive re-organization in life spanc.the resilience of povertyd.interaction of biological and psychological systemsFactualp. 5BCO: 1Easy7.According to a human development assumption in the Newman and Newman text, development is based on__________.a.only an individual’spsychological abilityb.only an individual’sbiologicalabilityc.the interaction of the social. psychological, and biological systemsd.the relationship between the psychological and biological abilitiesFactualp. 5CCO: 1Easy8.Individuals’ lives show _________ and ___________ as they progress through time.a.continuity; changeb.similarities; assumptionsc.differences; assimilationd.expectancy; accidentsFactualp. 5ACO: 1Moderate9.The meaning of an individual’s behavior is best understood through an analysis of __________.a.an individual’s physical environmentb.an individual’s personal relationshipsc.family relationshipsd.all of theseFactualp. 5DCO: 1Difficult

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The Development Through Life Perspective7710.Michaelbelieves that he can influence his personal development by making certain choices and beingmotivated to succeed.Michael’sbelief best illustrates which of the following assumptions of the Newmanand Newman text?a.Behavior is best analyzed within the context of a person’s environment.b.Personal development occurs throughout the life span.c.People contribute actively to their development.d.As people age, they show continuity and change in their personality.Applicationp. 5CCO: 1Difficult11.The purpose of the meaning-making system is to ____________.a.integrate informationb.evaluate experiencesc.seek out informationd.all of the aboveFactualp.6DCO: 1Easy12.Active contribution to one’s life can be expressed in numerous ways including: ____________.a.the development of their cognitive abilityb.the development of a social networkc.the development of the biopsychosocial systemd.the establishment of cultural normsFactualp. 6BCO: 2Easy13.What are the three major systems that interact to produce human experience?a.biological, psychological, and societal systemsb.democratic, capitalist, and socialist systemsc.fantasy, reasoning, and the unconsciousd.respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic systemsFactualp. 6ACO: 2Easy14.According to Erik Erikson, human life is produced by ____________.a.biological systemb.psychological systemc.societal systemd.interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systemsFactualp. 6DCO: 2Easy15.According to your text, the developing persona.cannot modify their psychological system.b.can modify the psychological system through self-guided choice.c.can modify one system without affecting other systems.d.has no control over their development.Conceptualp. 6BCO: 2Difficult

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Test Bank Chapter 17816.Sensory capacities, motor responses, respiratory, circulatory, and endocrine systems are consideredelements of which of the following systems?a.biologicalb.psychologicalc.societald.psychoanalyticFactualp. 6ACO: 2Easy17.Which of the following statements is considered an example of how the environment influences thebiological system?a.A toddler is adopted by a family that speaks a different language from his or her biological parent.b.An adolescent attends middle school and then goes to high school.c.An infant is exposed to many illnesses while attending infant day care.d.A family takes a vacation.Conceptualp.7CCO: 2Moderate18.Which of the following descriptors accurately reflects the biological system?a.can modify the social and psychological systemsb.can change over timec.is guided by geneticsd.all of theseFactualp.7DCO: 2Easy19.Language, memory, and problem solving are considered aspects of which of the following systems?a.psychologicalb.biologicalc.societald.ecologicalFactualp.7A*CO: 2Moderate20.The ______ system provides the resources for processing information and navigating reality.a.biologicalb.psychologicalc.integratived.societalConceptualp.7BCO: 2Moderate21.Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the biological system?a.use of drugsb.entry into new rolesc.movement from one culture to the nextd.age graded expectationsConceptualp.7ACO: 2Easy

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The Development Through Life Perspective7922.Changes in psychological processing may be affected bya.genetic information.b.experiences.c.education.d.all of these.Conceptualp.7DCO: 2Moderate23.Which of the following systems can change over the life span?a.psychologicalb.biologicalc.societald.all of theseConceptualp.7D*CO: 2Easy24.Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the psychological system?a.diseaseb.environmental toxinsc.educationd.accidentsConceptualp.7CCO: 2Moderate25.Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the societal system?a.genetic factorsb.insightc.nutritiond.entry into new rolesConceptualp.8DCO: 2Easy26.The concept of identity best illustrates the relationship between the psychological system and the ______system.a.biologicalb.scientificc.adaptived.societalConceptualp.8DCO: 2Moderate27.Which of the following statements is considered the best example of how the biological system influencesthe societal system?a.Tall people receive higher salaries and are more likely to be hired than short people.b.People who have a sense of hope have greater immunity toward disease.c.Over 50% of new mothers in the United States are employed.d.As people age, they experience more sleep disturbances.Conceptualp.8A*CO: 2Difficult

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Test Bank Chapter 18028.The Moore family’s elderly grandmother hosts an annual family celebration at the family farm everyspring. Which of the following systems does this ritual best illustrate?a.biologicalb.psychologicalc.societald.emotionalApplicationp.8CCO: 2Easy29.The influence of culture in one's lifespan is considered to be a component of which of the followingsystems?a.psychologicalb.societalc.biologicald.psychoanalyticFactualp.8B*CO: 2Easy30.In the U.S., sixteen-year-olds expect to obtain a driver’s license. This is an example of ___________.a.biological influencesb.psychological functioningc.age-graded societal expectationsd.individualismApplicationp. 8CCO: 2Moderate31.In terms of humandevelopment, poverty is considered ____________.a.a major obstacle to optimal developmentb.an enhancement to resiliencyc.in harmony with psychological functioningd.a source of continuity in the life courseFactualp.9ACO: 2Easy32.Persistent poverty during infancy and childhood is associated with negative consequences toa.health.b.school achievement.c.mental health.d.all of these.Conceptualp.9DCO: 2Moderate33.Which of the following isnotconsidered a major factor contributing to families living in poverty?a.increase in single-mother householdsb.decline in purchasing power of the minimum wagec.decline in well-paying blue-collar jobsd.increase in life expectancyFactualp.9DCO: 2Easy

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The Development Through Life Perspective8134.Dale is 12 years old and is being raised by a single mother who recently lost her job. Dale and his mom arenow homeless and experiencing poverty for the first time. Chip is 6 years old. He is being raised by anunemployed single father. Chip and his father have been living in poverty since Chip’s birth. According toresearch on poverty, who is more at risk for negative consequences pertaining to health, cognitivedevelopment, and school achievement?a.Daleb.Chipc.Dale and Chipd.neither Dale nor Chip because they are being raised by a parentApplicationp.9BCO: 2Moderate35.Jo Ellen’s divorce was final yesterday afternoon. Based on research, she and her two children can expectwhich of the following in terms of their financial wellbeing?a.an increase in financial stability based on child supportb.a decrease in household income followed by a sharp increasec.a decrease in household incomed.an increase in financial well-beingApplicationp.9CCO: 2Easy36.Earlier exposure to health risks, higher exposure to environmental hazards, and challenges in achievingdevelopmental tasks are factors that are most often associated with ___________.a.African American, Hispanic, and Asian American families who experience povertyb.resilient childrenc.Americans with higher life expectancyd.families who are in transitory povertyFactualp.9ACO: 2Moderate37.There is a(n) ______ risk of prenatal exposure to environmental toxins in low-income families.a.higherb.lowerc.equal to high-incomed.insignificantConceptualp. 9BCO: 2Moderate

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Test Bank Chapter 18238.Which of the following isnota factor that mediates the impact of poverty?a.higher level of educationb.strong religious beliefsc.active behavioral coping skillsd.family conflictFactualp.9DCO: 2Difficult39.Which of the following descriptors most accurately reflects the psychosocial approach?a.Only the biological and psychological systems are necessary to analyze behavior.b.People build relationships that remain in place throughout life.c.Individual longevity is determined by one’s social relationships.d.Internal experiences are products of the interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems.Conceptualp. 9DCO: 2Difficult40.Which of the following statements best describes the psychosocial approach?a.Most psychological development is a result of the environment.b.Lives show patterns of change up through adolescence, and continuity thereafter.c.Development must be understood as the integration of the biological, psychological, and societal systems.d.Home and school are the only relevant social environments.Factualp.9CCO: 2Moderate41.Poverty is considered an element of the _________ system.a.biologicalb.psychologicalc.societald.temporalFactualp. 10C*CO: 2Difficult42.Poverty can have an impact on the _______ and the _________ systems.a.biological; psychologicalb.ecological; temporalc.ecological; contextuald.biological; internationalFactualp. 10ACO: 2Difficult43.The psychosocial approach seeks to understand the internal experiences that are ________.a.relevant prior to the age of 12b.relevant after the age of 12c.products of interactions among biological, psychological, and societal systemsd.influenced by the societal systemFactualp.9CCO: 2Moderate

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The Development Through Life Perspective8344.Neural mechanisms have developed that are uniquely organized to detect social messages ofa.kindness and trustworthiness.b.anger and kindness.c.inclusion and kindness.d.exclusion and trustworthiness.Conceptualp.9D*CO: 2Moderate45.The concept of identity, the meaning we give to ourselves and our sense of purpose, connects us to others.This concept best illustrates the link between the psychological and ______ system.a.biologicalb.scientificc.adaptived.societalConceptualp.13DCO: 2Difficult46.Marissa attended her 20thhigh school reunion. Her interpretation of classmates’ behavior differs today fromher reaction 20 years ago. This is because _____________.a.personal relationships are staticb.the meaning of experiences changes over the life coursec.she didn’t have many high school relationshipsd.she has physically maturedApplicationp.13BCO: 2Moderate47.Life expectancy is _________.a.the longest potential lifespan of the human speciesb.the number of years one can expect to livec.the expectation of resources needed for livingd.expectations that one will marry and have childrenConceptualp.14BCO: 3Easy48.Over the course of the 20thand 21stcenturies, life expectancy has ________.a.stabilizedb.decreasedc.increasedd.fluctuatedFactualp. 14CCO: 3Easy

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Test Bank Chapter 18449.Which of the following statements most accurately describes projections of life expectancy?a.Men outlive women in Africa.b.Life expectancy is projected to decrease for men and women.c.Women outlive men worldwide.d.Men outlive women worldwide.Conceptualp. 14C*CO: 3Easy50.Increases in the life expectancy are projected to be modest over the next 50 years, leading to an estimatedlife expectancy at birth of around _______ years in the United States.a.100b.90c.80d.70Factualp.14CCO: 3Easy51.Which of the following statements about longevity isnotconsidered true?a.A diet low in fat and high in fruits and vegetables contributes to longevity.b.Daily exercise can contribute to longevity.c.Longevity is influenced by genetic factors.d.Longevity is only influenced by psychological factors.Factualp.16DCO: 3Easy52.A high level of functioning in later life is associated witha.education.b.health.c.lifestyle.d.all of these.Conceptualp.16DCO: 3Easy53.People can live longer and healthier lives bya.20-30 minutes of exercise daily.b.avoiding strenuous activity such as swimming.c.avoiding other people, thus avoiding dangerous diseases.d.avoiding wasting time on education.Conceptualp. 16ACO: 3Easy54.Estimating life expectancy should includea.age.b.race.c.sex.d.all of these.Conceptualp. 16DCO: 3Moderate

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The Development Through Life Perspective8555.Likely advances in ________ and treatment, coupled with _______ can lead to higher standards of living inlater life.a.medical technology; increased Medicare coverageb.insurance reform; improved support servicesc.medical technology; improved support servicesd.eliminating poverty; new drugsConceptualp. 17CCO: 3Difficult56.Some scientists investigating the genetic bases of aging are _______ about substantial increases inlongevity.a.optimisticb.pessimisticc.altruisticd.euphemisticConceptualp.17A*CO: 3Moderate57.Johnny believes that 50 years is old enough to live. His grandfather died at 50 and his grandmother needs awalker to get around now. He decides not to take a job that has a retirement plan over one that pays $1 perhour more because he cannot imagine living to 65 or 70. His decision is based ona.common sense.b.logical reasoning.c.data and empirical evidence.d.an assumption about how long he will live.Applicationp. 17DCO: 3Moderate58.How is the study of life span human development related to life expectancy?a.Estimating death rates is the only reason for us to study life expectancy.b.Estimating birth rates is the only reason for us to study life expectancy.c.Life expectancy has no relation to the way we study human development.d.Life expectancy provides a framework for timing about stages and periods of life.Conceptualp.17DCO: 3Easy59.Which of the following statements most accurately describes projections of life expectancy?a.Men can expect to outlive women worldwide.b.Life expectancy is projected to decrease for women and increase for men.c.Women can expect to outlive men worldwide.d.Women outlive men only in Africa.Conceptualp. 17C*CO: 3Easy

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Test Bank Chapter 186

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The Development Through Life Perspective87Post-Test Questions from Student Study Guide60.Which of the following statements best reflects the assumptions of the text?a.Personality is fixed by age 6.b.New psychosocial development occurs at every life stage.c.Psychosocial development is complete once identity formation occurs.d.Development in adulthood occurs in the societal system only.Factualp. 5BCO: 1Moderate61.When are growth and change likely to occur?a.during infancyb.during adolescencec.during early adulthoodd.during every period of lifeFactualp.5DCO: 1Easy62.The life span approach recognizes _________________.a.only individual differences in human developmentb.only family differences in human developmentc.patterns of continuity and change from one developmental period to anotherd.the death rate of people born in the 1900’sFactualp.5C*CO: 1Moderate63.An assumption of the text is that we need to seek understanding of the whole person because __________.a.individuals interrelate in a variety of settings and within a variety of relationshipsb.theories examine individuals, not familiesc.individuals are isolated in contextual settingsd.individuals function in a manner that integrates physical, social, emotional, and cognitive capacitiesFactualp. 5ACO: 1Moderate64.Which system includes all of the mental processes central to the person’s ability to make meaning ofexperiences and take action?a.the biological systemb.the psychological systemc.the societal systemd.the scientific systemConceptualp.7B*CO: 2Easy

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Test Bank Chapter 18865.The Brownfamily attended their grandmother’s 100th birthday party. Prior to her birthday,Grandma livedalone and enjoyed being independent. On her 100thbirthday, Grandma felt that her memory was gone andability to live alone was over. Grandma’s perception is a product of which of the following systems?a.caregiving systemsb.societal systemc.biological systemd.psychological systemApplicationp.7DCO: 2Moderate66.The Green family attended their grandfather’s 80thbirthday party in which he danced and played gameswith his grandchildren boasting to live to be100. Immediately following his party, Grandpa fell and brokehis hip. His new disability altered his outlook on life and he no longer wanted to interact with family. Thisexample illustrates which of the following?a.Older adults should not be active.b.The biological system can modify one’s psychological outlook on life.c.The Brown Family should have taken more care with grandpa’s longevity.d.The biological system is viewed independently of other systems to predict life expectancy.Applicationp.7B*CO: 2Moderate67.Historical events, such as World War II, influence which aspects of human development?a.biological and societalb.psychological and societalc.societal and biologicald.all of theseApplicationp.8CCO: 2Difficult68.Which of the following statements about the psychosocial approach is most accurate?a.The meaning of life experiences changes over the course of life for individuals.b.The meaning of life is only based on an individual’s psychological outlook.c.Life experiences are dictated by physical maturity.d.Personal relationships have little influence on individual development.Factualp. 13A*CO: 2Moderate69.The psychosocial approach primarily focuses on ___________.a.longevity of individualsb.the impact of poverty on developmentc.cultural values in isolationd.the emergence of identity over the life courseConceptualp. 13DCO: 2Moderate

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The Development Through Life Perspective8970.The impact of poverty is complex and can _______ the risks individuals face in their development.a.decreaseb.increasec.stabilized.desensitizeConceptualp.10B*CO: 2Easy71.An emerging field, utilizing a psychosocial approach to examine human development, is called ______.a.developmental psychologyb.social psychologyc.social cognitive neuroscienced.behavioral scienceConceptualp.9ACO: 2Moderate72.Camilla wants to estimate her life expectancy. What factors should Camilla consider to most accuratelyproject her life expectancy age?a.lifestyle and family ancestryb.IQ and demographicsc.religion and lifestyled.income and religionApplicationp. 15ACO: 3DifficultTRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS73.The development from one period of life to the next is an individual process.CO: 1p. 4T74.All growth stops after the period of adolescence.CO: 1p. 5F75.Individual lives show discontinuity and change over time.CO: 1p. 5F76.Developmental change refers to patterns of growth and reorganization.CO: 1p. 5T77.People actively contribute to their development through choices and goals.CO: 1p. 5T78.Self-insight is considered a vital component of mental health.CO: 1p. 7T

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