Developmental Psychology Childhood And Adolescence, Fourth Canadian Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research StrategiesMULTIPLE CHOICE1.How do experience and biological processes affect human development?a.Experience produces change through maturation, and biological processes producechange through learning.b.Both experience and biological processes produce change through learning.c.Experience produces change through learning, and biological processes producechange through maturation.d.Both experience and biological processes produce change through maturation.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:2OBJ:LO 1TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember2.What are the two major underlying processes that interact to determine the development of theindividual?a.maturation and recapitulationb.growth and learningc.learning and maturationd.recapitulation and growthANS:CPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:2OBJ:LO 1TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember3.Which of the following is an example of developmental change that primarily reflectsmaturation?a.a child taking his or her first steps at about 1 year of ageb.a child solving simple arithmetic problems in Grade 1c.a child speaking the same language as his or her parentsd.a child becoming proficient at riding a bicycleANS:APTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:2OBJ:LO 1TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order4.Which of the following is an example of developmental change that primarily reflectslearning?a.a child taking his or her first steps at about 1 year of ageb.a child speaking his or her first word at about 1 year of agec.a child solving simple arithmetic problems in Grade 1d.a child reaching sexual maturity in early adolescenceANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:2OBJ:LO 1TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies5.What is the term for the developmental process that underlies a change in response toexperience?a.maturationb.biological processc.learningd.physical developmentANS:CPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:2OBJ:LO 1TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember6.What is the best way to start when beginning an intervention to optimize a child’sdevelopment?a.Determine what goals to achieve and work toward those goals.b.Identify what is normal and determine why changes occur before trying tooptimize development.c.Set goals and develop a system of rewards and punishments.d.Locate children who have developed optimally, so information can be compiledabout their experiences.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order7.A researcher videotaped preschoolers at a playground for a study of the frequency ofcooperative behaviours. What was the researcher’s goal?a.descriptionb.explanationc.operationalizationd.optimizationANS:APTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order8.Which research goal establishes the facts of development?a.optimizationb.adaptationc.explanationd.descriptionANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies9.Suppose that researchers find that the average Canadian infant begins to stand alone at the ageof 10 months. What type of development would this be an example of?a.psychoanalyticb.ideographicc.nonrepresentatived.normativeANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order10.How can the research goal of description be summarized?a.asHowb.asBestc.asWhatd.asWhyANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember11.What does normative development consist of?a.changes that characterize most individualsb.changes that are specific to the individualc.changes that result from experience and environmental influencesd.changes that optimize developmental outcomesANS:APTS:1DIF:FactualREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember12.What does ideographic development consist of?a.changes that characterize most individualsb.changes that are specific to the individualc.changes that result from the unfolding of a genetic “blueprint”d.changes that optimize developmental outcomesANS:BPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies13.Kayla started walking at 12 months of age, just like her three brothers and her seven cousins.Most children start walking at about this age. What type of development does this exampleillustrate?a.optimization of developmentb.holistic developmentc.normative developmentd.ideographic developmentANS:CPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:3-4OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order14.Michaela is 24 months old and she still has not spoken her first word. All four of her brothersspoke their first words at about 12 months of age, which is typical for most children. In thisexample, which general developmental concept does Michaela’s lackof speech illustrate?a.maturational developmentb.holistic developmentc.normative developmentd.ideographic developmentANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:3OBJ:LO 2TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order15.Contemporary developmentalists maintain that human development is a continual andcumulative process. Which statement most accurately expresses this viewpoint?a.Early childhood experiences have little impact on adult behaviour and attitudes.b.Early childhood experiences are the major determinants of adult behaviour andattitudes.c.Early childhood experiences have a lasting impact on adult behaviour andattitudes, but experiences during other, later, periods of life also play a role.d.Negative childhood events affect adult personality and behaviour, but positivechildhood events have little impact.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:4OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember16.Which statement best exemplifies the holistic approach to development?a.Parents notice the gaps in the child’s abilities and must work to fill those gaps.b.Traits or abilities are distinct and show separate developmental patterns of change.c.Aspects of developmental change are interrelated.d.Developmental trends in human and nonhuman animals are similar.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:4OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies17.The holistic perspective is a dominant theme of human development. What does thisperspective emphasize?a.Growth and change are continual.b.Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of development are independent.c.Growth and change are cumulative processes.d.Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of development are interdependent.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:4-5OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember18.Suppose that the plasticity principle did not apply to development. How would this change ourunderstanding of a child’s abilities?a.Children with cognitive disabilities could be taught many skills.b.Children who grow up in poor environments would suffer inevitably from theirdeficiencies.c.Parental training would be vital for all children to develop normally.d.Sex differences in children’s behaviour would be nonexistent.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:5OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order19.Which of the following terms refers to the capacity for change in response to positive ornegative life experiences?a.holisticb.tabula rasac.innate purityd.plasticityANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:5OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember20.What does the holistic perspective of development emphasize?a.the active role of the child in his or her own developmentb.development is a lifelong process that is continual and cumulativec.the interdependent way in which all components of the self determine developmentd.the belief that all the members of the family influence the development of eachotherANS:CPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:5OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies21.Nancy is a developmentalist and she tells her friend that she believes it is important to studychildren in laboratory settings. She further states that there is no need to study the child’ssocial relationships. Are Nancy’s views consistent with the holistic view of development?a.They are consistent with the holistic perspective.b.They are consistent with the holistic perspective, but they do not representcomplete agreement with it either.c.They are consistent with the holistic perspective, but Nancy is not aware of recentresearch.d.They are not consistent with the holistic perspective.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:4-5OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order22.Clovis was abandoned as an infant and spent the first five years of his life being moved fromone temporary foster home to another. When he is 5, his aunt discovers Clovis’s whereaboutsand provides him with a great deal of understanding, love, and stimulating activities. WhenClovis becomes an adult, how would you expect him to behave?a.Clovis has become angry, antisocial, and aggressive because of his earlyabandonment.b.Clovis has become shy and anxious because of his early abandonment.c.Clovis has no residual effects of the early experiences and has reached his fullestpotential.d.Clovis may or may not show residual effects of his early experiences; there is noway of knowing for sure what he will be like as an adult.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:5OBJ:LO 3TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order23.How were children treated during the medieval period?a.as miniature adults with full rights and privilegesb.harshly, and they were viewed as expendablec.differently than they are today, but there was some concept that they were notadultsd.coddled and indulged even more than modern childrenANS:CPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:6OBJ:LO 4TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies24.Ivan, a father of three children, states that children are really no different from adults. Hebelieves that the way to raise children is to have them take on adult responsibilities as soon asthey are physically able. Which statement best describes Ivan’s view?a.It is an example of what developmentalists suggest are the most effective modernchild-rearing practices.b.It is more consistent with some previous periods in history than with today’smodern view of child rearing in Canada.c.It is an example of what developmentalists suggest is a causal factor for thedevelopment of pathology.d.It is more consistent withtoday’s modern Canadian view of child rearing than withviews from previous periods of history.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:6OBJ:LO 4TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order25.In which ancient society were boys deliberately treated very harshly to toughen them tobecome disciplined soldiers in adulthood?a.Romeb.Israelc.Britaind.SpartaANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:6OBJ:LO 4TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember26.What was the general attitude toward children in ancient Europe?a.The child deserved legal protection by the government.b.The child should be coddled and pampered by parents.c.The child was the property of parents, with no rights of its own.d.The child was given life to provide eventual support to parents.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:6OBJ:LO 4TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember27.According to the authors of the text, what can be concluded regarding the historical andcultural factors that influence the phase of development we call adolescence?a.Adolescence is a universal phase of life that is experienced similarly across manyeras and cultures.b.Adolescence is universally a difficult period of transition to adulthood.c.Adolescence as viewed by modern Western standards is a positive change thatwould benefit teens of all cultures.d.Adolescence, like many other areas of development, differs markedly dependingon culture and era in history.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:7OBJ:LO 4TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies28.How long has adolescence been recognized as a distinct phase of life?a.since early Roman timesb.since the early 17th centuryc.since the 1950sd.since the early 20th centuryANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:7OBJ:LO 4TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember29.One philosophical view suggests that children are “selfish egoists” who must learn torechannel their naturally selfish interests into socially desirable outlets. What is thisphilosophical view, and which psychological theory does it underpin?a.Tabula rasais the philosophical underpinning for psychoanalytic theory.b.Original sin is the philosophical underpinning for learning theory.c.Original sin is the philosophical underpinning for psychoanalytic theory.d.Tabula rasais the philosophical underpinning for learning theory.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember30.Garrett tells you that he believes that it is crucial for a parent to establish ground rules foracceptable behaviour, from day one. Garrett confides that everyone knows that all childrenwill be naughty. Which philosophy does Garrett likely believe in?a.tabularasab.innate purityc.experiential purityd.original sinANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order31.Peter tells his wife that he thinks that their 4-year-old, Maria, is a good girl. When Mariamisbehaves, Peter states that she is exploring and learning, and it is important for them toteach her more appropriate behaviour. Which of the following philosophical positions arePeter’s views consistent with?a.original sinb.innate purityc.tabula rasad.psychoanalytic sinANS:BPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies32.What did John Locke mean when he said that the mind of an infant is atabula rasa?a.Children are inherently evil or sinful.b.Children are blank slates ready to learn from experience.c.Children are innately good.d.Children are incapable of learning.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember33.Which theorist would endorse the statement that the child’s nature is basically evil, and it isthe work of society to restrain that evil?a.G Stanley Hallb.Charles Darwinc.Jean Jacques Rousseaud.Thomas HobbesANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:7OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember34.Which theorist proposed the notion that children are selfish egoists?a.Thomas Hobbesb.Charles Darwinc.G Stanley Halld.Sigmund FreudANS:APTS:1DIF:FactualREF:7OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember35.In Edgar Rice Burroughs’s novelTarzan of the Apes(c. 1930), Tarzan’s character remainedinnately pure because he was reared as a feral child by apes, away from the corruption ofhuman society. With whose philosophical viewpoint is this consistent?a.Thomas Hobbes (1651)b.John Locke (1690)c.Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762)d.G. Stanley Hall (c. 1890)ANS:CPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies36.If Meryl believes strongly in thetabularasaphilosophy, what is she LEAST likely to beconcerned with?a.the IQ of her child’s fatherb.how stimulating her child’s environment isc.what kinds of role models her child hasd.the books she reads to her childANS:APTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order37.Which question would a researcher who believes in the philosophy oftabularasafind ofparticular interest?a.What role does heredity play in determining behaviour?b.What is the best way to teach a child to trust?c.What do newborns understand about shape?d.What is the best way to teach a child to restrain his or her inherent selfishness?ANS:BPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember38.What does John Locke’stabula rasametaphor imply about the newborn infant?a.He or she has an evil nature.b.He or she has a pure, virtuous nature.c.He or she has no ideas because he or she has not yet had experiences.d.He or she has instinctive ideas.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order39.Whose theory of human nature implies that the newborn infant acquires all its traits andknowledge from his or her experiences?a.John Lockeb.Thomas Hobbesc.Charles Darwind.Jean Jacques RousseauANS:APTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:7-8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies40.In which of his doctrines did Jean Jacques Rousseau emphasize the active role of the child asa self-motivated explorer?a.tabula rasab.innate purityc.original sind.developmental plasticityANS:BPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:7OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order41.Which of the following methods of inquiry is a person using when recording carefulobservations of the ongoing development of his or her own child?a.correlational note-takingb.systematic experimentationc.a biographyd.an autobiographyANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:8OBJ:LO 5TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember42.Who is credited as the “founder” of the discipline of developmental psychology because of hisinfluential book,Adolescence?a.Jean Jacques Rousseaub.Sigmund Freudc.Charles Darwind.G Stanley HallANS:DPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:9OBJ:LO 6TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember43.Why do philosophical perspectives on childhood differ from those proposed by developmentalpsychologists?a.Philosophical perspectives are based on objective data collected through the use ofcontrolled experiments.b.Philosophical perspectives are supported by persuasive, logical arguments and aremore believable than those proposed by developmental psychologists.c.Philosophical perspectives have a long history and are based on more years ofresearch than those of developmentalists.d.Developmentalist perspectives are based on objective data collection and analysis.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies44.What is the term for a set of propositions that describe behaviour?a.a theoryb.a variablec.a predictiond.a definitionANS:APTS:1DIF:FactualREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember45.What is the term for a set of concepts and propositions designed to organize, describe, andexplain an existing set of observations?a.a hypothesisb.a theoryc.an observationd.an experimentANS:BPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember46.What is the term for a prediction about the characteristics of a behaviour under investigation?a.a hypothesisb.an operational definitionc.empirical knowledged.a dependent variableANS:APTS:1DIF:FactualREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Remember47.André tells you that he predicts if you continue to allow your daughter to have candy whenshe has a temper tantrum at the store checkout, you will find that she has more frequenttantrums. What principle is André relating?a.his theory about temper tantrumsb.his theory about the effects of sweetsc.his observations about your daughterd.his hypothesis about your daughter’s future temper tantrumsANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies48.George and Elizabeth have eight children ranging in age from 3 months to 19 years. Based ontheir experiences with their children, George and Elizabeth tell you that they believe tempertantrums can be eliminated if a parent follows several simple steps in responding to a childwhen he or she has a temper tantrum. What have George and Elizabeth developed with respectto childhood temper tantrums?a.a hypothesisb.an observationc.a theoryd.a definitionANS:CPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order49.Dr. Lauterbach predicts that if the temperature of a room is increased, then individuals aremore likely to act aggressively. What does Dr. Lauterbach’s prediction exemplify?a.a hypothesisb.empirical knowledgec.an operational definitiond.a dependent variableANS:APTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order50.Dr. Bauer predicts that if parents are nurturing and responsive, then children are less likely toact aggressively. What does Dr. Bauer’s prediction exemplify?a.empirical knowledgeb.an operational definitionc.a hypothesisd.a dependent variableANS:CPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:9OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order51.Helen proposed a new theory of child development. Using this theory, she has successfullydescribed and explained past behaviours but she is unable to predict or explain newobservations. How should Helen’s theory be categorized?a.It is a superior theory because it describes and explains past behaviour, which ismore than most theories do.b.It is a weak theory because it cannot generate new research.c.It is an adequate theory because it may have some minor flaws, but in general it isgood.d.It is a weak theory because if it doesn’t predict or explain new observations, it is oflittle value.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:10-11OBJ:LO 7TOP:Introduction to Developmental PsychologyBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies52.What is a measure said to be if it consistently gives the same results?a.validb.reliablec.objectived.generativeANS:BPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:10-11OBJ:LO 8TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Remember53.What is a measure said to be if it accurately measures what it is designed to measure?a.validb.reliablec.objectived.generativeANS:APTS:1DIF:FactualREF:10-11OBJ:LO 8TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Remember54.Pat has developed a test to measure aggression. Pat gives the test to her developmentalpsychology class at the beginning of the term and again at the end of the term. Much to Pat’sdismay, the results obtained at the end of the semester are completely different from thoseobtained at the start. What is a likely explanation for the difference in results?a.The test does not have strong validity.b.The test is not reliable.c.The test is free from cohort effects.d.The test is adequately standardized.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:10-11OBJ:LO 8TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Higher Order55.Dr. Richards is developing a questionnaire to assess shyness. He administers the questionnaireto participants in February and then again in April. The scores obtained are consistent. Basedon this information, what can Dr. Richards conclude about his questionnaire?a.It is adequately standardized.b.It is valid.c.It is reliable.d.It is free from cohort effects.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:AppliedREF:10-11OBJ:LO 8TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Higher Order

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies56.What is the advantage of structured interviews over unstructured interviews?a.A person can fully explain his or her views.b.A person will submit for interview even without pay.c.The interviewer’s racial or gender biases are minimized.d.Subjects are treated alike and responses can be compared among them.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:11-12OBJ:LO 9TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Remember57.Which data-collection methods would be most affected by individual and age-relateddifferences in verbal skills?a.interviews and questionnairesb.naturalistic observationc.structured observationd.controlled experimentsANS:APTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:11-12OBJ:LO 9TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Higher Order58.What is one potential shortcoming of using interviews and questionnaires in developmentalresearch?a.Responses often change if the interview or questionnaire is re-administered to thesame set of participants.b.Only a small amount of useful information is typically obtained.c.Responses may be inaccurate because participants provide socially desirableresponses.d.Both interviews and questionnaires are time consuming to administer.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:11-12OBJ:LO 9TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Remember59.What is one of the advantages associated with the use of interviews and questionnaires indevelopmental research?a.A large amount of useful information can be obtained in a short period of time.b.The researcher does not need to be present when the data are collected.c.These methods can be used with any age of participant.d.Data obtained from interviews and questionnaires are more likely to be reliableand valid, compared to data obtained using other methods of research.ANS:APTS:1DIF:FactualREF:11-12OBJ:LO 9TOP:Research Strategies: Basic Methods and DesignsBLM: Remember

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