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Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemind?a.thebasisofrationalthoughtb.thehiddeninstinctualselfc.theembodimentofthesould.thebrainanditsactivitiesANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?2.Thescientificstudyofbehaviorandmentalprocessesiscalled____.a.introspectionb.psychologyc.behaviorismd.functionalismANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?3.ThewordpsychologyisacombinationoftwoGreekwords:psyche(orpsuche),meaning“thesoul,”andlogos,meaning“the____.”a.lawofb.expressionofc.studyofd.representationofANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?4.Rosa,adoctoralstudentinpsychology,observesthatoneofheryoungstudyparticipantsgrimacesaftertakingabiteofbroccoli.Hisfacialexpressionisanexampleof____.a.apsychosomaticresponseb.abehaviorc.anintegratedmentalprocessd.introspectionANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?5.Althoughthebulkofpsychologyfocusesonhumanbehavior,studyinganimalbehaviorhasbeenanessentialpartofthedisciplinethatallowsfor____.a.makingessentialcomparisonswithhumansb.understandinganimal–humaninteractionsc.understandingbehaviorfromanevolutionarystandpointd.designingbetterpsychoanalyticaltherapiesANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?6.AdoctornoticesthatmanysoldiersreturningfromfightinginthetrenchesinWorldWarIwerehighlyanxious,fearfulofloudnoises,andhavingdifficultyreconnectingwiththeirfamilies.Heasksthemtorecordpersonalobservationsof

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 2

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 3theirownthoughts,feelings,andbehaviorsinajournal.Thisprocessiscalled____.a.extroversionb.transferencec.objectivismd.introspectionANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?7.Itisdifficultforotherstoconfirmanindividual’ssubjectiveintrospections;therefore,thisapproachdoesnotlenditselfwellto____.a.psychoanalysisb.thescientificmethodc.casestudiesd.cognitivetherapyANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?8.Newandinnovativemethodshaveallowedpsychologiststoobservebrainactivityandrevisitquestionsofmentalprocesses.Whatqualitywasintroducedtopsychologicalresearchthroughtheuseofthesemethods?a.objectivityb.subjectivityc.generalizabilityd.conclusivenessANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatIsPsychology?9.KevinBoyackandhiscolleaguesgeneratedamapofsciences,similartoamapoffriendshipnetworksonsocialmedia,byusing____.a.thenumberofdoctoraldissertationsineachfieldb.thetitlesofjournalarticlesc.referencelistsinjournalarticlesd.searchtermsrelatedtopsychologyANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhyIsPsychologyaHubScience?10.ThemappingdonebyBoyackandcolleaguesshowsthatpsychologyisoneofthemajorhubsciences,withstrongconnectionstothe____.a.medicalsciences,thesocialsciences,andeducationb.humanities,education,andthemedicalsciencesc.socialsciences,themedicalsciences,andthehumanitiesd.medicalsciences,education,andphilosophyANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhyIsPsychologyaHubScience?

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 411.Psychologyasahubsciencetellsusthat____.a.psychologicalresearchiswellfundedb.thegeneralpopulationisintriguedbythestudyofhumanbehaviorc.psychologyisoneoftheoldestdisciplinesd.manydisciplinesrequireanin-depthunderstandingofpeopleANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhyIsPsychologyaHubScience?12.Asascientificdiscipline,psychologydatesbackto____.a.ancientGreeceb.theRomanEmpirec.theRenaissanceerad.the1870sANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?13.Thepsychologyfamilytreeincludestwomajorroots:____.a.biologyandphilosophyb.medicineandthesocialsciencesc.anthropologyandphysicsd.philosophyandthenaturalsciencesANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?14.Thedisciplinethatsystematicallyexaminesbasicconcepts,includingthesourceofknowledge,iscalled____.a.psychologyb.historyc.scienced.philosophyANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?15.Anysciencethatstudiesthe__________eventsthatoccurinnatureiscalledanaturalscience.a.spiritualandreligiousb.physicalandbiologicalc.appliedandpracticald.developmentalandstaticANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?16.Philosophersandpsychologistshaveasharedinterestin,amongotherthings,______.a.helpingothersgainself-confidenceb.anatomyofthenervoussystemc.thescientificmethodd.theoriginofknowledge

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 5ANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?17.Oneoftheearliestphilosopherstoforwardtheideathatallknowledgeisgainedthroughsensoryexperiencewas________,wholivedfrom384to322BCE.a.Kantb.Platoc.Aristotled.DescartesANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?18.LaKeitaandMonicaarehavingadiscussionaboutthenatureofhumanideasandemotions.LaKeitastates,“Youknowthatweareallbornwithabasicstructurefromwhichallotherideasandemotionsdevelop!”Herbeliefthatideasandemotionsareinbornmostcloselyresemblesthebeliefsofphilosopher________.a.ReneDescartesb.DavidHumec.Aristotled.PlatoANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?19.AncientGreekphilosophers____.a.wereexclusivelymonistsb.providednaturalexplanationsfortheirobservationsc.wereexclusivelydualistsd.reliedonthesupernaturaltoexplaintheirobservationsANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?20.ThemajorpreceptoftheBritishphilosophicalschoolofempiricismwasthata.the“mind”andthe“body”aretwoseparateanddisconnectedentities.b.humanbeingsaregenerallygoodandinnatelymoveinpositivedirections.c.researchisnotatallvaluableunlessthereareappropriatestatisticstosupporttheconclusions.d.themindisa“blankslate”atbirththatgetsfilledwithideasgainedbyobservingtheworld.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?21.Whichofthefollowingisa(incorrect)beliefthatwasheldbyAristotle?a.Thehumansoulislocateddeepwithinone’sbowels.

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 6b.Reflexesareanindicationthatonehasanunderdevelopedbrain.c.Themindislocatedinone’sheart.d.Peopleofdifferentracesrepresenteddifferent“species”ofhumanbeings.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?22.MostphilosophersbeginningwithAristotlecommonlybelievedthatallknowledgeis____.a.gainedthroughsensoryexperienceb.innateorinbornc.builtuponfromsimpleschemapresentatbirthd.acquiredbyintegratingenvironmentalcueswithinnateskillsANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?23.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheBritishempiricists’viewofthemind?a.Infantsacquirelanguageprimarilybydrawingfrominnatemechanisms.b.Infantslearntoprocesslanguageentirelybasedontheirsensoryexperiences.c.Infantswithsimilargeneticbackgroundswillacquirelanguageatsimilarrates.d.Infantsarebornwithvaryingdegreesofaptitudeforacquiringlanguage.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?24.Americanpoliticalthoughtwasprofoundlyinfluencedby____.a.behaviorismb.psychoanalysisc.dualismd.empiricismANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeshowcontemporarypsychologyviewsthemind?a.Samwasjustbornsmart,thoughnooneelseinhisfamilyseemstosharehisintelligence.b.Sammusthavegottenthe“smartgene”fromhismother:Heneverstudiesbutgetsgoodgrades.c.Samwassenttothebestschoolsandthusbecameahighlyintelligentindividual.d.Samwasalertandresponsiveasababy,studieddiligentlyinschool,andwasadmittedtoatop-rankedcollege.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:Apply

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 7REFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?26.Brindelisacontemporarypsychologistwhohasbeenexaminingthe“natureversusnurture”question.Whichofthefollowingwouldshebemostlikelytoconclude?a.Wearesolelyaproductofoursurroundingsandenvironment.b.Themindisaresultofinteractionsbetweeninborncharacteristicsandeverydayexperiences.c.Wearenothingmorethanthesumofourgenes.d.Psychologyshouldnotconcernitselfwiththisquestion,asneithernaturenornurturecanbestudiedinascientificmanner.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?27.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsummaryofhowthestudyofpsychologymovedawayfromthestudyofphilosophy?a.Psychologyexploresindividualratherthanglobalphenomena.b.Psychologyemployesthescientificmethod.c.Psychologyisinterestedintheuseoftherapeutictechniques.d.Psychologyexplorestherootsofabnormalbehaviors.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?28.Asmanyas7,000yearsago,healersusedatechniquecalled________.Itinvolvedboringaholeintothepatient’sskullandwasusedforavarietyofailmentsincludingheadachesandhallucinations.a.exorcismb.enucleationc.trepanationd.renalationANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?29.Inwhatwaydidancientphysicianscontributetocontemporarypsychology?a.bystudyingthenervoussystemanddevelopingthescientificmethodb.bystudyinghormoneimbalancesanddevelopingthescientificmethodc.bystudyingthenervoussystemanddevelopingdiagnostictoolsd.bystudyinghormoneimbalancesanddevelopingdiagnostictoolsANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?30.Dr.Jonesisanarchaeologistwhostudiestheskullsofhumanbeingswholivedthousandsofyearsago.Hehasfoundthatmanysuchskullshadcircularholeswherepartoftheskullwasmissing,andreadsthatthismayhavebeenaformof

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 8medicaltreatmentcalledtrepanation.Dr.Jonesalsoconcludesthatsomeofthesepatientsmusthavesurvivedthissurgicalprocedure.Whichevidencewouldsupportthisconclusion?a.drawingsandphotographsofpeoplewhosurvivedtheprocedurelivingwithareductionintheirsymptomsb.writingsthatwerepreservedfromthosewhounderwentandsurvivedtheprocedurec.theexistenceofcracksleadinguptoandsurroundingthesurgicalskullholed.growthoftheskullbonesaftertheprocedureANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?31.Beginninginthe17thand18thcenturies,withnewtechnologiesincludingthelightmicroscope,scientistsbegantomakeaseriesofimportantnewdiscoveriesshowingthat____.a.asinglenervecellcarriesonetypeofinformationb.nervecellsuseelectricalimpulsestotransmitsignalsc.themindworksinisolationfromtherestofthebodyd.chemicalmessengersfacilitatecommunicationinthebrainANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?32.HermannvonHelmholtz’sworkon____providedfurtherevidencethatthemindhadaphysicalbasis.a.dissectionandhumananatomyb.therangeofhumanhearingc.themind–bodydichotomyd.thespeedofnerveconductionANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?33.Contrarytopopularbeliefduringhistime,HermannvonHelmholtz’sworkonnerveconductionshowedthat____.a.differentbrainregionsworktogethertointegrateinformationb.specificregionsofthebraincontrolspecificbehaviorsc.nerveconductionisquickandinallpracticality,instantaneousd.behaviorisnotinstantaneousANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:WhatArePsychology’sRoots?34.Jaketrips;heknockshiselbowagainsttheedgeofthedoorjambwhilesimultaneouslystubbinghistoeonachair.BasedontheworkofvonHelmholtz’s,whichofthefollowingislikelytooccur?a.Theintensityoftheelbowpainisgreaterthanthatofthetoepain.b.Theintensityofpainforboththetoeandelbowisequal.c.Heexperiencestheelbowpainbeforethetoepain.d.Heexperiencesthetoeandelbowpaininstantaneously.ANSWER:a

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 9POINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:WhatArePsycholog’sRoots?35.Thefirsttruepsychologistwas____.HewasaresearchassistanttoHermannvonHelmholtz,andhisideasprovidedthefoundationforwhatwouldlaterbecalledstructuralism.a.EdwardTitchenerb.WilhelmWundtc.MaxWertheimerd.KurtKoffkaANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?36.Thefirstofficialpsychologicalexperimentinvolved____.a.observingthebehaviorofcatswhenescapingpuzzleboxesb.measuringhowquickly,afterhearingaballdropontoaplatform,apersoncouldrespondbystrikingatelegraphkeyc.thesalivationofdogsinanticipationoffoodinresponsetothearrivalofthehandlerd.theuseofastroboscopetocontrolthetimingoftheappearanceoftwoblacklinesagainstawhitebackgroundANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?37.WhilewritingaresearchpaperexaminingthetheoreticalviewofWilhelmWundt,JacksonnotesthatWundtfeltthatthemindconstructsanoverallperception____.a.basedonpriorlifeexperiencesb.basedonitsrelationshiptoevolutionarysurvivalc.byperceivingcompleteformswithintheircontextd.outofbuildingblocksmadeupofseparatesensationsandemotionalresponsesANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?38.WilhelmWundt’sstudent,EdwardTitchener,developedanapproachinwhichthemindisbrokenintothesmallestelementsofmentalexperience.Whatwasthiscalled?a.structuralismb.functionalismc.behaviorismd.humanismANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?39.Titchener’sapproachtopsychologyparalleledwhichofthefollowingtrendsofhisday?a.thedevelopmentofgraduateprogramsinmathematicsb.themovementforwomen’ssuffrageinAmericanpolitics

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 10c.effortsinchemistrytobreakmoleculesintoelementsd.theuseoflightinImpressionistartANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?40.WhichofthefollowingdescribesWundt’suseofintrospectionasanexperimentaltechnique?a.Theparticipantsinhisstudyfocusedoninternalthoughtsandfeelingsabouttheircompetencewhileperformingatask.b.Theparticipantsinhisstudydrewfromtheirinternalthoughtsandfeelingsastheydescribedanobjectindetail.c.Theparticipantsinhisstudypressedatelegraphkeyassoonastheyheardaballdropontoaplatform,indicatingtheirinternalstate.d.Theparticipantsinhisstudyusedmentalbuildingblockconstructstodescribetheirperceptionofanobject.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?41.Acknowledgingthatanexperienceisdifferentfromthesumofitselementsisreflectiveof____.a.psychodynamictheoryb.Gestaltpsychologyc.structuralismd.functionalismANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?42.Thegroupofearly20thcenturyGermanpsychologistswhofoundedGestaltpsychologyincludedKurtKoffka,MaxWertheimer,and____.a.WilhelmWundtb.WilliamJamesc.WolfgangKöhlerd.UlricNeisserANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?43.TheGestaltpsychologistsbelievedthatbreakinga“whole”perceptionintoitsbuildingblocks,asadvocatedbythestructuralists,wouldresultinthelossof____.a.importantpsychologicalinformationb.fundamentalintellectc.learnedconsciousnessd.irrationalbehaviorsANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?44.WhichofthefollowingproverbsbestdescribesGestalttheory?

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 11a.Achainisonlyasstrongasitsweakestlink.b.Themorethingschange,themoretheystaythesame.c.Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.d.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?45.TheletterBandthenumber13mightappeartobeverysimilar;infact,theonlyrealdifferencebetweenthemisthespacebetweentheleftandrightsidesofeachfigure.Whowouldbemostlikelytodescribethisdifferenceasbeingcausedbythecontextofthelettersornumbersthatcomebeforeandaftertheimage?a.William,whoisafunctionalistb.Max,whoisaGestaltpsychologistc.Ziggy,whoisapsychoanalyticpsychologistd.Terry,whoisacognitivepsychologistANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?46.Whatistheapproachtopsychologythatsawbehavioraspurposefulandcontributingtosurvival?a.behaviorismb.functionalismc.humanismd.structuralismANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?47.Functionalismemergedpartlyinresponsetothepublicationof____.a.GreatExpectations,byCharlesDickensb.ThePrinceandthePauper,byMarkTwainc.TheOriginoftheSpecies,byCharlesDarwind.FarfromtheMaddingCrowd,byThomasHardyANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?48.WhoistheAmericanpsychologistwhoproposedthefunctionalistapproachandwhosetextbook,PrinciplesofPsychology,dominatedthefieldofpsychologyfor50yearsafteritspublication?a.SigmundFreudb.B.F.Skinnerc.AbrahamMaslowd.WilliamJamesANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 1249.Throughouthisdiscussionsofmentalprocessesandbehavior,Jamesemphasizedtheroleof____.a.environmentb.evolutionc.abandonmentd.nurtureANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?50.WilliamJames’impactoncontemporarypsychologyisevidencedbythefactthatfunctionalism____.a.wasabsorbedintomainstreampsychologyb.becameaseparatedisciplinec.bridgedthegapbetweenphilosophyandpsychologyd.bridgedthegapbetweenstructuralismandGestaltpsychologyANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?51.Anapproachtopsychologythatfeaturesthestudyandcarefulmeasurementofobservablebehaviorsiscalled____.a.functionalismb.structuralismc.behaviorismd.humanismANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?52.Aspartoftheirefforttomeasurebehaviorcarefully,manybehavioristsrestrictedtheirresearchtostudiesusing____.a.animalsb.childrenc.adultsd.malesANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?53.Aleadingbehavioristwhofirstexploredclassicalconditioningis____.a.EdwardThorndikeb.B.F.Skinnerc.JohnB.Watsond.IvanPetrovichPavlovANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?54.ThesalivationofdogsinPavlov’sexperimentswassignificantbecauseit____.a.emphasizedconsciousthoughtb.demonstratedtheabilitytolearntoanticipatefutureeventsasasurvivaladvantagec.indicatedthatintelligenceisinnate

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 13d.demonstratedthattheabilitytosmellfoodpriortoitsarrivalisahighlydevelopedsenseANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?55.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytobeanexampleofclassicalconditioning?a.Achildhearsapolicesirenforthefirsttimeandcries.b.Awhiffofperfumeonacrowdedsubwaytriggersamemoryofapriorlove.c.Adogsitsuponsightorsmellofatreat.d.Aformersoldiercringesatthesoundofanairplaneoverhead.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?56.JohnB.Watsonwas____.a.partofthecognitiverevolutionb.aleadinghumanistc.aleadingbehavioristd.oneofFreud’sdisciplesANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?57.WhichofthefollowingmostcloselyparaphrasesWatson’sviewsregardinghumanbehavior?a.Somechildrenarebornwithartistictalent;othersarenot.b.Icanraiseachildtobeanartistifheorshehasatleastasmallamountoftalentandinterest.c.Veryfewchildrenactuallyhavetheskillanddisciplinetobecomeartists.d.Icanraiseanychildtobeanartist,regardlessofhisorhertendencies.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?58.WatsonchangedthegoalofpsychologyfromWundt’sdesiretounderstandconsciousnesstothe____.a.explicationoftheunconsciousb.thestudyofobservablebehaviorc.understandingofcognitiond.analysisofthewholebeyondthepartsANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?59.Whichleadingbehavioristproposedthelawofeffect?a.B.F.Skinnerb.JohnB.Watsonc.NoamChomskyd.EdwardThorndikeANSWER:d

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 14POINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?60.InThorndike’sexperimentontrialanderrorlearning,thecatwouldescapeapuzzleboxfasterandfasteronprogressivetrials.Inotherwords,thecat____.a.acquiredfasternerveimpulsesonsuccessivetrialsb.becamemorephysicallyfitc.memorizedthesolutiontothepuzzled.repeatedeffectivebehaviorsandabandonedineffectiveonesANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?61.B.F.Skinner,aleadingbehavioristwhoexploredoperantconditioning,believedthatinner,privatestatessuchasthinkingandfeelingexistedand____.a.shouldbeanalyzedbasedonintrospectionb.viewedthemasbehaviorsthatfollowedthesamerulesaspublicbehaviorsc.viewedthemasbehaviorsthatshouldbeattendedtothroughpsychodynamictherapyd.areapartofwhatmakesapersoninherentlyhumanandgoodANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?62.Skinnergeneralizedhisfindingstocomplexhumanbehaviorseventhoughhissubjectpoolwaslimitedto____.a.ratsandpigeonsb.childrenc.graduatestudentsd.dogsandcatsANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?63.WhichofthefollowingisanapplicationofSkinner’sbehaviorism?a.Dr.Monsonprovideshumanelivingconditionsforthemiceinhisresearchlaboratory.b.Dougneedstoloseafewpounds,andhasarulethatifheeatsadessert,hemustgofora5-milerun.c.Sandraislearninganewsurgicalprocedurebyobservingseveraloperationsperformedbyotherphysicians.d.Dylanisdelayingvaccinationsforhisyoungsonbecauseofhisconcernsregardingautism.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?64.Bythe1950s,thebehaviorists’disinterestinmentalstatesandactivitywaschallengedbyscientistsfromdiversefields,includinglinguisticsandcomputerscience,leadingto____.

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 15a.psychodynamictheoryb.client-centeredtherapyc.anewappreciationofhumanismd.acognitiverevolutionANSWER:dPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?65.Whoisaleadingcognitivepsychologist?a.CarlRogersb.JeanPiagetc.UlricNeisserd.EdwardThorndikeANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?66.Whichofthefollowingreferstotheveryprivateandinternalmentalprocessesthatthebehavioristsavoidedstudying—informationprocessing,thinking,reasoning,andproblemsolving?a.client-centeredtherapyb.self-actualizationc.cognitiond.studyoftheidANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?67.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsacognitiveapproachtochildhoodlanguagelearning?a.Childrenacquirelanguageinresponsetoparentalapproval.b.Childrenarebornwithdistinctphysicalfeaturesthatfacilitatelearningthelanguageoftheirparents.c.Childrenarebornwithinnatemechanismsforlearninglanguage.d.Childrenacquirelanguageinresponsetobeingunderstood.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?68.Manyofthebigquestionstackledbybehavioristsarenowexaminedthroughthelensofthe____perspective.a.cognitiveorbiologicalb.structuralorhistoricalc.evolutionaryorcross-culturald.psychodynamicorhumanisticANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ThinkCriticallyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?69.WiththeexceptionofoccasionalburstsofinsightfromtheEgyptiansandGreeks,themostcommonviewofpsychologicaldisordersoverthecourseofhistoryhasbeenthatthey____.a.originatedinchildhoodfromrepressiveparentingb.resultedfromtheactionsofevilspiritsorotherexternal,magicalforces

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    Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank, page 16c.originatedfromguiltforcondemnedbehaviorsd.resultedfrommalfunctionsofthehumanbodyANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?70.Betweenthe17thand19thcenturies,supernaturalexplanationsforpsychologicaldisordersbegantogivewaytotwoscientificapproaches:____.a.functionalismandbehaviorismb.acognitivemodelandabehavioralmodelc.amedicalmodelandapsychologicalmodeld.psychodynamictheoryandhumanismANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?71.Edwardhasafearofbeingcontaminatedwhenshakinghandswithothers,touchingdoorknobs,andbeingincrowdedpublicspaces,suchassubwaycars.Hewasheshishandsroughly100timesaday.Hisdoctorhasrecentlyprescribedanantidepressanttoincreasehislevelofserotonin.Whichapproachtopsychologicaldisordersdoesthisexemplify?a.thepsychotherapeuticmodelb.themedicalmodelc.thepsychologicalmodeld.theself-actualizationmodelANSWER:bPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?72.Valerierecentlylosthersistertosuicide.Sheishavingdifficultysleeping,feelshopelessaboutthefuture,andiseasilystartledorfrightened.Herdoctorrecommendsthatsheparticipateinadiscussiongroupledbyasocialworkertoconnectwithotherswhoaregoingthroughasimilarexperience.Whichapproachtopsychologicaldisordersdoesthisexemplify?a.thepsychologicalmodelb.thebehavioralmodelc.theself-actualizationmodeld.themedicalmodelANSWER:aPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:ApplyREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?73.Whocontributedideasabouttheunconsciousmind,thedevelopmentofsexuality,dreamanalysis,psychologicalrootsofabnormalbehavior,personality,andtherapy?a.AbrahamMaslowb.CarlRogersc.SigmundFreudd.NoamChomskyANSWER:cPOINTS:1DIFFICULTY:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDidtheScienceofPsychologyBegin?

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