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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank

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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview image11THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTGuideposts1.What is human development, and how has its study evolved?2.What do developmental scientists study?3.What kinds of influences make one person different from another?4.What are sevenprinciples of the life-span development approach?Multiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following wordsBESTdescribes the focus of the study of human development?A.ChangeB.ChildhoodC.InfancyD.RelationshipsAnswer: APage:4Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge2. The principle that human development is adaptive meansA. it is coherent and organized.B. it is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.C. development proceeds from simple to complex.D.None of theseAnswer: BPage: 4Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge3. Which of the following activities improved student grades, reduced school absences, andresulted infewerbehavioral problems?A.Increasedphysical activityB.Increased amount of sleepC.Free breakfastD.Free tutoring programsAnswer: CPage: 4Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge4. When developmental scientists understand how language develops they can_________ when a child needs speechtherapy.A. interveneB. describeC. predictD. explainAnswer: APage: 5
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview image2Guidepost: 1Type: Application5. Life-span studies are based on which of the following ideas?A. There is little continuity over the life span.B. Development occurs early in life, not during adulthood.C. Every portion of the life span is influenced by earlier events and will in turn affect later events.D. There is no development that takes place in the late adulthood stage.Answer: CPage: 7–8Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge6. Historically, the study of child development gained impetus fromA. immunization to protect children from disease.B. child labor laws.C. scientific discoveries about the nature of conception.D. All of theseAnswer: DPage: 4Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge7. The concept of a lifelong process of development that can be studied scientifically is known as what?A.ChildhooddevelopmentB.LongtimedevelopmentC.Life-span developmentD.Social developmentAnswer: CPage: 4Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge8. Change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, etc.,wouldconstitute which type of development?A.PhysicalB.CognitiveC.PsychosocialD.PhysiologicalAnswer: BPage:6Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge9. Which type of development is most involved in the growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills,and health?A.CognitiveB.NeurologicalC.PhysicalD.PsychosocialAnswer: CPage:6Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge10. Which of the following is true about physical development?A. It interacts with cognitive, personality, and social development at all ages.
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview image3B. Physical development occurs independently of cognitive development.C. It becomes less important than personality and social development during adolescence.D. One’s genetic makeup entirely controls one’s physical development.Answer: APage:6Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge11. Marcus is 14 months old and having great difficulty when left with the babysitter. His separation anxiety is anexample of interaction between which two types of development?A.Intellectual and physicalB.Cognitive and intellectualC.Physical and emotionalD.Intellectual and socialAnswer: DPage:6–8Guidepost: 2Type: Application12.Marlane is large for her age and does not have many friends. This is an example of interaction between whichtwo types of development?A.Physical and intellectualB.Intellectual and socialC.Physical and socialD.Personality and socialAnswer: CPage:6–8Guidepost: 2Type: Application13. A developmental scientist who studies brain development is studying the __________ domain of the self.A. psychologicalB. psychosocialC. physicalD. cognitiveAnswer: CPage:6Guidepost: 2Type: Application14. Division of the lifespan into periods is aA. physical construction.B. cognitive construction.C. intellectual construction.D. social construction.Answer: DPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge15. A concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality is an invention ofa particular cultureis an example ofA.lphysicalconstructionB.cognitive constructionC.intellectual constructionD.social constructionAnswer: D
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview image4Page: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge16.The existence of adolescence as part of the life span in many industrialized societiesbut not in other societies,isan example ofA. environmental experiences.B. social construction.C. cognitive development.D. physical development.Answer: BPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge17. The age range of approximately 6–11 years refers to which of the following periods of development?A.EarlychildhoodB.MiddlechildhoodC.AdolescenceD.YoungadulthoodAnswer: BPage: 8Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge18. According to your text, which of the following is NOT one of the major divisions of the life span?A.PrenatalB.Infancy and toddlerhoodC.Late adulthoodD.SenescenceAnswer: DPage:8Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge19. Shayla is dependent on adults to meet her basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter, and to provide attachmentbonding. She is experiencing the needs of what developmental period?A.InfancyB.ToddlerhoodC.EarlychildhoodD.MiddlechildhoodAnswer: APage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Application20. Becoming introspective and searching out meaning in life is characteristic of which of the following?A.AdolescenceB.YoungadulthoodC.MiddleadulthoodD.LateadulthoodAnswer: DPage:7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview image521. Marcus has stopped being so demanding and waits his turn when playing with his friends. He also appears to bemore interested in others instead of himself. He is probably in what developmental period?A.InfancyB.ToddlerhoodC.EarlychildhoodD.MiddlechildhoodAnswer: CPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Application22. During which developmental period do children begin to regulate their own behavior and become moreinterested in their peer groups?A.InfancyB.ToddlerhoodC.EarlychildhoodD.MiddlechildhoodAnswer: DPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge23. During which developmental period does a person make the transition from childhood to adulthood, while at thesame time searching for a personal identity?A.MiddlechildhoodB.AdolescenceC.YoungadulthoodD. None of theseAnswer: BPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge24. The developmental tasks that include the establishment of families and occupationsisA. adolescence.B. middle childhood.C. young adulthood.D. middle adulthood.Answer:CPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge25. During which developmental period do most people finish their formal education, become independent, and startfamilies and careers?A.AdolescenceB.YoungadulthoodC.MiddleadulthoodD.OlderadulthoodAnswer: BPage: 7Guidepost: 2Type: Knowledge26. The concept of individual differences implies that people differ inA. size and build.B. intelligence and personalities.
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview image6C. theinfluence of societyand relationships they have.D. All of theseAnswer: DPage:10Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge27. The inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are ourA. environment.B. individual differences.C. heredity.D. influences.Answer: CPage:10Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge28. The world outside the self and the learning that comes from experiences in this world constituteA. environment.B. individual differences.C. heredity.D. influences.Answer: APage: 10Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge29. Which of the following statements about hereditary and environmental influences on development is TRUE?A. Internal influences are more important because they occur first.B. External influences are more important because they are active for a longer time.C. Internal and external influences interact and often cannot be separated.D. Internal and external influences are independent and can be readily separated.Answer: CPage: 10Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge30. The unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns describesA. individual responses to the opportunities offered by one’s culture.B. environmental influences.C. maturation.D. one’s perception of the events in his/her life.Answer: CPage:10Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge31. Meghan recorded events in the lives of her sons Joseph and Jacob such as their first words, theirfirst step, andthe events of puberty. These events are examples ofthe process ofA. environmental influences.B. genetic influences.C. inherited characteristics.D. maturation.Answer: DPage: 10Guidepost: 3Type: Application
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview image732. Environmental or experiential factors that help define individual differences in development include all of thefollowing EXCEPTA. genetic inheritance.B. socioeconomic status.C. ethnicity.D. historical events.Answer: APage: 10Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge33.A child born today in Iraq will have different experiences than children born in the United States or Mexico.These experiences will affect the course of development for these children because each child develops within auniqueA. biological context.B. social and historical context.C. genetic content.D. maturation period.Answer: BPage: 10Guidepost: 3Type: Application34. Industrialization and the move to more populated areas are both cited as reasons for the decline in theA. multilingual family.B. nuclear family.C. extended family.D. blended family.Answer: CPage: 11Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge35. Ther family consists of two generations with parents and children—either biological, step, or adopted.A.nuclearB.extendedC. multigenerationalD. post modernAnswer: APage:11Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge36. Despite being identified as a “low-risk” group, children of affluent families suffer a high rate ofA. depression.B. anxiety.C. substance abuse.D. All of theseAnswer: DPage:13Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge37. A multigenerational kinship unit consisting of parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins iscalled a(n) ______ family.A. nonnormative
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview image8B. nuclearC. extendedD. blendedAnswer: CPage: 11Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge38. Socioeconomic status is determined by all of the following EXCEPTA. ethnicity.B. income.C. education.D. occupation.Answer: APage: 11–13Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge39. All of the following may be considered indirect effects of poverty EXCEPTA. parents’ emotional state.B. home environments.C. presence of models for young people.D. breakdown of the nuclear family.Answer: DPage: 12Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge40. A group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, laws, beliefs, values, and language, is referred to as itsA. subculture.B. ethnicity.C. culture.D. acculturation.Answer: CPage:13Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge41.A possible strength associated with poverty would includeA. the increased number of meals eaten together.B. the lowered level of substance abuse.C. the lowered levels of stress.D.none since there are no strengths associated with poverty.Answer:APage:13Guidepost:3Type:Knowledge42.What percentageofhouseholds in theUnited Stateslivesin extreme poverty based on 2008 data?A. Less than 1 percent.B. 10 percentC. 25 percentD. 50 percentAnswer:BPage:12Guidepost:3Type:Knowledge
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview image943. Some religious groups have taught children consistent traditions for weddings and funerals. Teaching these waysto the next generation is an example ofA. context.B. ethnic diversity.C. culture.D. morality.Answer: CPage:13Guidepost:3Type: Application44. By the year 2023, the minority population in the United States is projected to rise toA. 30 percent.B. 40 percent.C. 50 percent.D. 60 percent.Answer: CPage: 13Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge45. A condition that would increase the likelihood of a negative outcome is a description of what?A. environmental perceptionsB. genetic influencesC. risk factorsD. social resourcesAnswer: CPage:13Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge46. An overgeneralization that obscures cultural difference within a group is a description ofA. ethnic identity.B. ethnic gloss.C. ethnicity.D. ethnic group.Answer: BPage:15Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge47.An event that is experienced in a similar way by most people in an age group is called a _________ influence.A. nonnormative age-gradedB. normative age-gradedC. cohortD. culturalAnswer: BPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge48. A ____________ is a group of people born at the same time.A. historical generation
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview image10B. cultureC. normative groupD. cohortAnswer: DPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge49. Developmental researchers refer to typical events that happen at an atypical time, or atypical events that happenat a typical time, as __________ events.A. normativeB. nonnormativeC. strangeD. bizarreAnswer: BPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge50. Nonnormative life events areA. unusual events that influence a person’s life.B. events that generally happen to everyone.C. typical for a given population.D. traumatic or unhappy events.Answer: APage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge51. Events like starting school that occur at about the same age for people the world over are calledA. normative age-graded influences.B. normative history-graded influences.C. nonnormative life events.D. cohort determined influences.Answer: APage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge52. Which of the following is a normative age-graded influence?A.Pubertyand menopauseB.WarC.Winningthe lotteryD.FamineAnswer: APage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge53. Normative history-graded influences include all of the followingEXCEPTA. worldwide economic depression.B. introduction of the contraceptive pill.C. AIDS epidemic.D. death of a spouse.Answer: DPage: 16Guidepost: 3
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview image11Type: Comprehension54. A group of people who experience an event such as the attack of September 11duringa formative time in theirlives isknown asa historicalA. generation.B. chronosystem.C. anomaly.D. culture.Answer: APage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge55.The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the Internet are consideredA. nonnormative age-graded influences.B. normative history-graded influences.C. normative age-graded influences.D. nonnormative history-graded influences.Answer: BPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge56. A group of people who share a similar experience common to all of its members is called aA. generation.B. cohort.C. culture.D. peer group.Answer: BPage: 16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge57. Cohort differences are primarily due toA. geographical separation.B. experiences affecting a generation.C. variations of family history.D. unusual life events.Answer: BPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge58. Your cohort would include yourA. grandparents.B. parents.C. schoolmates.D. children.Answer: CPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Application59. Which of the following are members of the same cohort?A.Awoman who raised children in Binghamton, New York,during World War II and a woman raising children inBinghamton during the 1990sB.Anurban child in Iraq and a rural child in the United States
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview image12C.Aveteran of the Gulf War and a veteran of Vietnam WarD.Ahigh school student in Binghamton,New York,and a high school student in Elmira,New YorkAnswer: DPage:16Guidepost: 3Type: Application60. A specific time when a given event, or the absence of that event, has the greatest impact on development iscalled a(n) __________ period.A. importantB. essentialC. requiredD. criticalAnswer: DPage:17Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge61. A critical period is a time whenA. an organism is most likely to be influenced by a specific event.B. a person faces a developmental transition.C. development is taking place most rapidly.D. development slows down for a period of time.Answer: APage:17Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge62. Rubella has a disastrous impact if it is contracted during the first trimester of a pregnancy yet has hardly anyimpactif contracted at the end of a pregnancy. This is an example ofA. fetal immune system maturation.B. normative age-graded events.C. maturational timing.D. a critical period.Answer: DPage:17Guidepost: 3Type: Application63. The critical period for language development is from early infancy toA. toddlerhood.B. early childhood.C. middle childhood.D. puberty.Answer: DPage:18Guidepost: 3Type: Knowledge64. New research on plasticity indicates that plasticityA.is a complex reaction between the environment and genetic factors.B. is a single factor that appears to predict resilience.C. is very similar to critical periods.D. is not related to temperament or resilience.Answer:APage:17Guidepost:3
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview image13Type: Knowledge65. Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of life-span development identified by Baltes (1987)?A. Development is lifelong.B. Development takes place in a historical context.C. Development ends with childhood.D. Development is pliable or plastic.Answer: CPage:18–19Guidepost: 4Type: Knowledge66.Allocation of resources often changes as a person develops. Which of the following is an example of thisredistribution?A. Personal growth and improvement of skills are benefited by the availability of resources.B. Resources do not aid a person during a time of personal loss.C. The availability of resources decreases over time.D. The availability of resources increases over time.Answer: APage:19Guidepost: 4Type: ComprehensionEssay Questions67.Marcus is designing a plan for a new preschool. List and define the three domains. Give one example of how apreschool program would address each domain as part of its day-to-day operations that he can submit to hisschool board for final approval.68.List the periods of human development. For at least three of the periods, give an example of a cognitive, apsychosocial, and a physical event during the period that helps to define the particular period of development.69.Define inherited influences and environmental influences on development. What are the differences betweeninherited influences and environmental influences? List and give examples of the effects of certainenvironmental influences on an individual’s development.
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview image152THEORY AND RESEARCHGuideposts1.What purpose do theories serveand what are two basic theoretical issues on which developmental scientistsdiffer?2.What are five theoretical perspectives on human development, and what are some theories representative ofeach?3.How do developmental scientists study people, and what are some advantages and disadvantages of eachresearch method?4.What ethical problems may arise in research on humans?Multiple-Choice Questions1.Which of the followingstatementsabout theories is true?A. Theories change to incorporate new findings.B. Theories are based on certain assumptions.C. Theories and research are interwoven.D. All of theseAnswer: DPage:24Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge2.In the study of human development, atheory is a set ofA. logically related statementsseekingto describe, explain, and predict development.B. facts derived from research.C.research results that can prove behaviors.D. opinions of a well-known authority in a field.Answer: APage:24Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge3. A good theorydevelops__________, which can thenbe tested by research.A. dataB. hypothesesC. findingsD. factsAnswer: BPage:24Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge4. Tentative explanations or predictions that can be scientifically tested are calledA. theories.B. hypotheses.C. research findings.
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Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview image16D. conclusions.Answer: BPage:24Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge5. “If children learn aggression from models, then children who watch violent television shows should be moreaggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows.” This is an example of aA. theory.B. finding.C. hypothesis.D. conclusion.Answer: CPage:24Guidepost: 1Type: Application6. Which early philosopher described children as atabula rasaon which society writes?A. John LockeB. Jean PiagetC. Jean Jacques RosseauD. Erik EriksonAnswer: APage:25Guidepost: 1Type: Knowledge7. If Bill’s behavior is viewed as passive and reactive, he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________model of behavior.A. naturalisticB. mechanisticC. organismicD. maturationisticAnswer: BPage:25Guidepost: 1Type: Application8. If Troy’s behavior is viewed as active and self-determining, he would be perceived as demonstrating the__________ model of behavior.A. naturalisticB. mechanisticC. organismicD. maturationisticAnswer: CPage:25Guidepost: 1Type: Application9. Organismic theorists emphasize __________ change, while mechanistic theorists emphasize __________ change.A. quantitative; qualitativeB. behavioral; developmentalC. qualitative; quantitativeD. mechanistic; organismicAnswer: CPage:25Guidepost: 1
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Experience Human Development by Dia...

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