Foundations of Psychological Testing: A Practical Approach Fourth Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 1Multiple Choice Questions1.According to your textbook, why is it important to understand the foundations of psychologicaltesting?A)Psychometrics are central to psychological research.B)Sound tests facilitate high-quality decisions, and unsound tests facilitate low-quality decisions.C)The APA recommends that all students learn about psychological tests and measures.D)Some day you will encounter psychological testing on the job.Ans: B2.Psychological testing is best defined asA)the process of administering, scoring, and interpreting psychological tests.B)a way of measuring that uses psychometrics.C)a diagnosis method used solely by educators and psychologists.D)a process clinical psychologists use to diagnose mental disorders.Ans: A3.Psychological tests require a person toA)complete a written test.B)answer all test questions honestly.C)correctly answer as many questions as possible.D)perform a behavior.Ans: D4.What is a behavior?A)A skill that is learnedB)An action that is either correct or incorrectC)An observable and measurable actionD)An answer on a psychological testAns: C5.Which one of the following statements is true aboutpsychological tests?A)They are always created by psychologists who understand how to interpret the test taker'sanswers.B)They require the test taker to perform a behavior so as to measure some personal attribute,trait, or characteristic or to predict an outcome.C)Information from psychological test results is used to make decisions; therefore, these tests areregulated by federal and state governments.D)Psychologists began developing standardized educational tests in the last quarter of the 20thcentury, and these tests have become important indicators of academic performance.Ans: B

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6.Assessment centers require job applicants toA)perform job-related tasks.B)register and show their social security cards.C)describe their work experience and future goals.D)be 18 years or older.Ans: A7.The road portion of a driving testA)is a measure of the skills needed to drive a car.B)does not meet the criteria of a psychological test.C)does not rely on observation of the test taker's behavior.D)has nothing in common with written tests and exams.Ans: A8.The questions on two IQ tests may be quite different becauseA)IQ tests are unique to each test taker.B)test takers interpret the questions differently.C)of how thetest developer defines IQ.D)as the tests have been updated their purposes have changed.Ans: C9.Emotional intelligence is defined by Gibbs as one's ability toA)understand how and when to control one's own emotions and the emotions of others.B)perceive own and other's underlying feelings.C)understand one’s own feelings and the feelings of others and to manage one’s emotions.D)to use one's own emotions to motivate others to perform.Ans: C10.A good test does what?A)Measures what it claims to measure and measures it consistentlyB)Provides useful information to the test taker and the test userC)Helps psychologists and others expand their businessD)Efficiently and economical measures knowledge, skills, and abilitiesAns: A11.What is a critique of a test?A)A review of the testB)A quality rating of the testC)An estimate of the uses of the testD)An analysis of the testAns: D12.Which one of the following statements about the history of psychological testing isfalse?A)Some scholars believe that the use of psychological tests can be traced to 2200 bce in AncientChina.B)Most scholars agree that serious research efforts on the use and usefulness of psychologicaltests did not begin until the 20th century.

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C)Organizations did not begin using psychological tests until after assessment centers weredeveloped during World War II.D)Late in the 19th century, Alfred Binet founded the first experimental psychology researchlaboratory in France.Ans: C13.What test Parisian school officials use to decide which children, no matter how hard they tried,were unable to profit from regular school programs?A)Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence ScaleB)Binet–Simon ScaleC)The Personal Data SheetD)The Rorschach Inkblot TestAns: B14.Binet's psychological tests were designed to evaluateA)children.B)personality traits.C)Army recruits.D)immigrants.Ans: A15.The Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale for adults providedA)evaluations of applicants' job-related skills.B)diagnoses of mental disorders.C)scores on schizophrenia and depression scales.D)an index of general mental ability.Ans: D16.During World War I, what test did the U.S. military design to help detect soldiers who would notbe able to handle the stress associated with combat?A)Army Alpha test.B)Army Beta test.C)Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale.D)Personal Data Sheet.Ans: D17.What type of tests are the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test?A)Projective testsB)Clinical diagnostic testsC)Intelligence testsD)Emotional intelligence testsAns: A18.What do vocational tests help to predict?A)Whether a test taker will like a particular jobB)Wether an applicant will be successful in specific occupationsC)Success in a manager or vice president role

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D)How honest a test taker will be on the jobAns: B19.One of the most significant and controversial uses of psychological testing in the 21st centuryhas been the result of what?A)The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001B)Employment tests that discriminate against protected classesC)High costs of administering psychological testsD)Using projective tests with childrenAns: A20.Which one of the following strategies have public schools across the nation implemented inresponse to the NCLB Act of 2001 to improve school performance?A)Training elementary teachers how to"teach the standardized tests"B)Increasing the flexibility high-performing states and school districts have for spending federaleducation dollarsC)Requiring parents to help improve failing schools rather than transferring their children to abetter schoolD)Placing greater emphasis on children's math and reasoning skills in order to prepare them for ajob in scienceAns: B21.Which one of the following is not a characteristic that all good tests have in common?A)Representatively samples the behaviors thought to measure an attribute or thought to predictan outcomeB)Includes behavior samples obtained under standardized conditionsC)Has rules for scoringD)Are 99.9% reliable and validAns: D22.Which one of the following strategies would provide the best measurement of a student'smusical skills?A)Ask the student to perform a very long and difficult piece of music.B)Ask the student to play a tune on several instruments that are unfamiliar to the student.C)Ask the student to play a portion of several pieces that are of different styles on differentinstruments.D)Ask the student to describe his or her musical background and level of skill.Ans: C23.Which one of the following factors in a testing situation is difficult to standardize?A)Room temperature and lightingB)Examinee experiencesC)Clarity of instructions given to test takersD)Examiner attitudeAns: B24.Which one of the following is not an assumption that test users make about psychological tests?A)Test scores are 99.9% accurate with little or no error.

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B)Psychological tests measure what they say they measure.C)An individual’s behavior, and therefore test scores, will typically remain stable over time.D)Test takers will report accurately about themselves.Ans: A25.Tests of maximal performance require test takers to do what?A)Make associations, make drawings, or tell storiesB)Complete as many questions as possible in a limited amount of timeC)Achieve physical goals such as lifting weights, or running a raceD)Perform a well-defined task such as completing mathematical calculationsAns: D26.Behavior observation tests involve what?A)Observing and recording a test taker's behaviorB)Observing and rating a test administrator's behaviorC)Observing a test taker's attitude toward testingD)Observing how well the test taker can observe changes in stimuliAns: A27.Self-report tests require test takers to do what?A)Complete multiple choice questions about themselves and othersB)Report or describe their feelings, beliefs, opinions, and/or mental statesC)View and explain ambiguous stimuliD)Rate the behavior of a family member or coworkerAns: B28.An interview can be characterized as aA)self-report test and amaximal performance test.B)behavioral observation and a maximal performance test.C)self-report test and a behavioral observation..D)self-report test, a behavioral observation, and a maximal performance test.Ans: D29.What is a standardization sample?A)A group of people tested to obtain data to establish a frame of reference for interpretingindividual test scores.B)A test that has explicit instructions for the test taker and the test administrator to follow.C)A portion of a test's norms that apply to one or more types of test takers.D)A group of test takers who all attend the same school.Ans: A30.What are norms?A)The demographic characteristics of most test takers including gender, age, ethnicity, andgeographical locationB)The average performance of a group and the distribution of scores above and below the averageC)Statistics about the accuracy of test scores for making decisionsD)The frequency that test users administer the test to test takers across the nationAns: B

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31.Which one of the following statements is true about nonstandardized tests?A)They provide more detailed test administration and test taking instructions than standardizedtestsB)They have multiple standardization samples and normsC)They are usually constructed by a teacher or trainer in a less formal manner for a singleadministrationD)They are projective tests administered in a less formal manner for multiple administrationsAns: C32.Which one of the following is an objective test?A)An application blankB)A job interviewC)An inkblot testD)A multiple-choice examAns: D33.Projective tests require test takers to do what?A)Make predictions about themselvesB)Answer objective questions honestlyC)Follow strict rules for respondingD)Respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuliAns: D34.Which one of the following types of tests was developed to detect unconscious thoughts orpersonality characteristics?A)Standardized testsB)Projective testsC)InterviewsD)Objective testsAns: B35.What achievement tests measure?A)A person’s previous learning in a specific academic areaB)A test taker's success in life compared to other test takersC)The personality characteristics displayed on the jobD)The skills a test taker has learned and masteredAns: A36.Which one of the following statements is false about achievement tests?A)They measure a person’s previous learning in a specific academic area.B)They are objective versusprojective.C)They are used primarily in organizational settings.D)They are referred to as tests of knowledge.Ans: C37.Many schools rely on achievement tests to assign grades, to identify students with specialeducational needs, to measure students’ progress, and to

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A)compare knowledge at the beginning and end of the year.B)help students choose a career.C)identify students with IQs in the gifted range.D)punish students who refuse to learn.Ans: A38.What do aptitude tests assess?A)Potential for learningB)KnowledgeC)Progress in learningD)IntelligenceAns: A39.Which one of the following statements is false about aptitude tests?A)They assess an individual's potential for performing a new job or task.B)They measure the product of cumulative life experiences—or what one has acquired over time.C)They measure an individual's progress in learning a skill or task.D)They measure the maximum performance we can expect from individuals.Ans: C40.What type of test might a vocational guidance counselor use to help clarify a test taker’s careergoals?A)IntelligenceB)AptitudeC)AchievementD)Interest inventoriesAns: BEssay Questions1.Name four different psychological tests and explain why each is a psychological test.2.Describe the three characteristics common to all psychological tests and explain howpsychological tests can demonstrate these characteristics to various degrees. Give examples.3.Compare and contrast four terms: psychological assessment, psychological test, measurement,and survey.4.Describe the steps you would take to identify a test. How would you determine if the test was agood test?5.What did you learn from Chapter 1 of your textbook that has made you more informed aboutpsychological test use? Have you changed any of your opinions about psychological testing? Ifso, what was your opinion that changed and why did it change? If not, what confirmed theopinions you held before reading Chapter 1?

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Chapter 2Multiple Choice Questions1.Why is psychological testing important?A)People often use test results to make important decisions.B)Tests can quite accurately tell you things about yourself you did not know.C)The federalgovernment requires businesses to use them to hire employees.D)Most psychiatrists and psychologists use them to diagnose mental illness.Ans: A2.When Sally applied to law school, the admittance committee accepted her because her LSATscores were higher than 99% of those who also applied to law school. What type of a decisiondid the committee make?A)An individual comparative decisionB)An institutional comparative decisionC)An individual absolute decisionD)An institutional absolute decisionAns: B3.When Alan received his score on an interest inventory, he used the test result to finalize hisdecision to become a chef. What type of decision did Alan make?A)An individual decisionB)An institutional decisionC)An absolute decisionD)A comparative decisionAns: A4.The State Board of Education where Joy went to college decided to give every graduate studentin a science program with a combined GRE score more than 1400 a $5,000 education grant.What type of decision was this?A)An absolute individual decisionB)An absolute institutional decisionC)A comparative individual decisionD)A comparative institutional decisionAns: B5.In _____ settings, psychologists use the results of tests to determine eligibility for giftedprograms and to identify developmental, visual, and auditory problems for which children mightneed special assistance.A) organizationalB) institutionalC) educationalD) hospitalAns: C

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6.Psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and other health care professionals usepsychological tests in _____ settings.A) educationalB) organizationalC) informationalD) clinicalAns: D7.Human resource professionals and industrial-organizational psychologists use psychologicaltests inA)graduate business programs.B)universities and colleges.C)mental health clinics.D)organizations.Ans: D8.According to your textbook, one of the largest and most deeply rooted controversies aboutpsychological testing pertains toA)errors and bias in scoring.B)use of projective testing.C)discrimination against protected classes.D)educating the public.Ans: C9.According to your textbook, activists who believe that intelligence is determined primarily byenvironment have worked for years to _____ what they consider to be the unfair use of suchtests.A) enhanceB) eliminateC) encourageD) protestAns: B10.During World War I, the American military gave Robert Yerkes permission to administer mentaltests to more than 1.75 million U.S. Army recruits. As a result, Yerkes designedA)the Army Alpha and Beta tests.B)the Stanford-Binet tests.C)the Rorschach test.D)assessment centers.Ans: A11.Walter Lippmann questioned whether intelligence tests actually measured “intelligence” andwhether intelligence was determined by heredity or through life experiences—a question thatcame to be known as theA)nature versus nurture controversy.B)quid pro quo debate.C)IQ controversy.D)creationism question.

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Ans: A12.The _____ required test takers to follow directions and perform a series of ballet movementsthat were confusing and distracting.A)Wechsler Intelligence TestB)Alpha and Beta testsC)Stanford-Binet testD)Army's assessment centerAns: B13.The American Psychological Association published a report called Intelligence: Knowns andUnknowns that stated thatA)their interpretation of the Herrnstein and Murray's data on gaps in IQ supported the researchersclaim that IQ is inherited.B)Jensen's article published in 1969 and Herrnstein and Murray's book in 1994 clearly proved thatIQ is inherited.C)there is no support for the idea that the 15-point difference on IQ tests between Black andWhite Americans is due to genetics.D)IQ testing should be abolished because all intelligence tests discriminate against minorities.Ans: C14.What type of test do critical believe are discriminating against minorities?A) Aptitude testsB) Personality testsC) Interest inventoriesD) Driving testsAns: A15.What is the practice of administering the same test to every test taker, but scoring the testdifferently according to the race of the test taker, called?A)Within-group normingB)Independent group normingC)Non-discriminatory normingD)Individual normingAns: A16.Using _____, a minority test taker who scored the same as a White test taker could rank higherthan the White test taker.A)individual normingB)within-group normingC)independent normingD)discriminatory normingAns: B17.Many psychologists were outraged about the use of race norming. They claimed it wasA)an innovative way to even test scores between Blacks and Whites.B)a plot to bypass Equal Opportunity legislation.C)an illegal “quota system” that unfairly discriminated against Whites.

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D)important that researchers conduct studies before allowing employers to use race norming.Ans: C18.In 1964, the U.S. Congress passed _____, which was intended to bring about equality in hiring,transfers, promotions, compensation, access to training, and employment-related decisions.A)Title VII of the Civil Rights ActB)the Equal Employment Opportunity ActC)the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection ProceduresD)the Fairness in Employment Testing ActAns: A19.One reason given by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) that the SAT scores of graduating highschool seniors had declined between 1963 and 1975 wasA)an increase in Black students caused the average SAT score to decline.B)the type of educational experience students had during the late 1960s and early 1970s hadcaused a decrease in performance on standardized tests.C)the nation's attitude-particularly the attitudes of parents and high school students-towardeducation had changed causing many people to no longer value education.D)that students thought making high grades on standardized tests was not "cool."Ans: B20.Integrity tests claim to measure an individual’s attitudes toward what?A)Answering test questions correctly or to the best of the test taker's abilityB)Academic honesty and plagiarismC)Theft, taking drugs and abusing alcoholD)The ethical principles prescribed for psychologistsAns: C21.Which one of the followingstatements about integrity tests is false?A)Many individuals oppose the use of honesty tests because they believe the tests are neitherreliable nor valid.B)Many individuals and labor groups oppose the use of honesty tests because they believe thatthe tests are politically and culturally incorrect.C)Many individuals oppose the use of honesty tests because they believe the test questions are aninvasion of privacy.D)Many individuals oppose the use of honesty tests because they believe the tests have a differentand more inhibiting effect on minority job applicants than for White job applicants.Ans: B22.After 2 years of research, a task force appointed by the American Psychological Associationconcluded thatA)research had proven that integrity tests published for organizational use were neither valid norreliable.B)employers who asked their employees to periodically complete an integrity test were liable tobe sued for damages.C)integrity tests were valid, reliable, and valuable tools for identifying potential thieves in theworkforce.

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D)for most integrity tests, publishers have little information regarding whether integrity testsactually predict honesty.Ans: D23.Tanya passionately believes she can make positive changes in the world. Which one of Kouzesand Posner’s Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership does she demonstrate?A)Model the WayB)Enable Others to ActC)Encourage the HeartD)Inspire a Shared VisionAns: D24.What psychological test did approximately 3 million students take between 2010 and 2011?A)Graduate Record ExamB)College BoardC)Scholastic Aptitude TestD)SATAns: D25.The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) is a 360-degree, multi-rater leadership assessment thatA)predicts how well the test taker is likely to exert leadership in a group.B)matches individuals to various types of leadership jobs.C)provides test takers with a score that indicates whether they are leaders or followers.D)helps measure the extent to which leaders demonstrate five leadership practices.Ans: D26.Which one of the following is a Practice of exemplary leadership?A)Challenge the ProcessB)Push as Well as PullC)Examine the WayD)Encourage OthersAns: A27.The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) was developed based on what assumption?A)Leaders are born, not madeB)Leaders have strong social skillsC)Leadership can be taught and learnedD)There are five types of leadersAns: C28.In California, Wendy Strong, an African-American mother, could not get help for her daughter,Brianna, who had problems in learning becauseA)she passed an intelligence test.B)she wasplaced on a waiting list.C)the school's records showed Brianna as an African American.D)the teacher refused to help her.Ans: C

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29.Which one of the following is FALSE about the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery?A)It was developed by the Department of Defense in the 1960'sB)It is an interest inventory that helps people choose military careersC)It is administered to men and women when they leave the militaryD)It assesses the skills soldiers need in combatAns: C30.According to research, middle and upper class _____ tend to score highest on intelligence tests.A)HispanicsB)BlacksC)WhitesD)Asian Pacific IslandersAns: C31.Who promoted the use of mental testing during World War I?A)Sigmund FreudB)Thomas ThorndikeC)Walter LippmanD)Robert YerkesAns: C32.What is the Flynn effect?A)An increase in raw IQ scores over timeB)A decrease in raw IQ scores over timeC)An increase in raw IQ scores, followed by a decreaseD)Stability of IQ scores over timeAns: A33.What test did the U.S. Employment Service develop in the 1940s to assist with job referrals andcareer counseling?A)SATB)LPIC)General Aptitude Test BatteryD)Armed Services Vocational Aptitude BatteryAns: C34.How many cognitive and manual aptitudes does the General Aptitude Test Battery measure?A)3B)6C)9D)12Ans: C35.The United States Department of Defense uses ASVAB scores to determine what?A)An individual's likelihood to succeed in the militaryB)An individual's qualifications for certain military occupationsC)Enlisted personnel's promotion potential

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D)Enlisted personnel's developmental coaching needsAns: B36.Which one of the following is FALSE about integrity tests?A)Their use may be justified byalarming figures associated with employee theft.B)Employers have used integrity tests for many years to screen job applicantsC)Many individuals and labor groups oppose their use by organizationsD)In the early 1990s, their use by organizations was outlawed by the APAAns: D37.What mental test designed for group testing was developed for test takers who were unable toread, write, or speak English?A)Army Alpha-Beta testB)Army Omega testC)Army Alpha testD)Army Beta testAns: D38.According to your textbook, what test do National Football League executives use to help selectprofessional football players?A)Wonderlic Basic Skills TestB)Army Alpha-Beta testC)Hogan Personality InventoryD)Leadership Practices InventoryAns: A39.Ranking a minority test taker higher than a White test taker with the same test score is anexample ofA)equating test scores.B)test norming.C)race norming.D)race equivalency.Ans: C40.Human resource professionals and industrial-organizational practitioners use psychological testsfor all EXCEPT which one of the following?A)Determine training needsB)Make hiring decisionsC)Evaluate employee performanceD)Plan treatment programsAns: DEssay Questions1.Explain why psychological tests are important. Give three examples of why psychological testsare important.

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2.Describe two types of decisions that are made using psychological tests. Give examples.3.Explain the difference between individual decisions and institutional decisions. Explain thedifference between absolute decisions and comparative decisions Give examples that relate topsychological testing.4.Describe the nature vs. nurture controversy. Discuss its relationship to intelligence andintelligence testing. Give an example.5.What have you learned in Chapter 2 of your textbook that has made you better informed aboutusing psychological tests? Have you changed any of your opinions about psychological testing?If so, what was your opinion that changed and why did it change? If not, what confirmed theopinions you held before reading Chapter 2?

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