Psychological Science Fifth Edition Test Bank

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CHAPTER 01: The Science of PsychologyMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following is the best definition ofpsychological science?A.the study of the brain and its functionB.the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processesC.the study of the mind, the brain, and behaviorD.the study of the mind, the psyche, and behaviorANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering2.Psychological science is the study of:A.the mind.C.behavior.B.the brain.D.all of the above.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering3.Trying to understand the relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an exampleof the connection between:A.the brain and the mind.C.genes and the mind.B.nature and nurture.D.the brain and emotion.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying4.Based on your textbook’s definition ofpsychology, which statement best reflects the relationshipbetween the mind and the brain?A.The brain is the same thing as the mind.B.The brain influences the mind.C.The brain is unrelated to the mind.D.The brain reflects the mind.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying5.Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candacebelieves that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, howwould you resolve this argument?A.Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind.B.Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior.C.Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior.D.Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding

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6.Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learnabout?A.the structure and function of the brainB.mental disorders and their treatmentsC.feelings and other subjective statesD.the mind, the brain, and behaviorANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding7.For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on:A.the brain.C.behaviors.B.disorders.D.the mind.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering8.Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind?A.Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children’s actions on the playgroundB.Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adultsC.Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over timeD.Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fightANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional DevelopmentMSC:Applying9.Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain?A.Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individualsB.Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies developC.Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processesD.Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletesANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional DevelopmentMSC:Applying10.Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior?A.Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelingsB.Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug useC.Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision makingD.Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fightANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 What Is Psychological Science?OBJ:1.1ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional DevelopmentMSC:Applying11.According to your text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called:A.scholarly inquiry.C.analytic argumentation.B.nay-sayerism.D.critical thinking.

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ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Remembering12.Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research?A.open to new ideasC.wary of scientific findingsB.carefully considers the factsD.all of the aboveANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Remembering13.Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that:A.is systematic and reasonable.B.is open-minded and creative.C.criticizes others’ opinions.D.uses inferences but does not solve problems.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Remembering14.Which of the following is an example of using critical thinkingandscientific reasoning?A.believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy barB.concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an articleabout this topic in a popular magazineC.using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrongD.conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games inimproving memoryANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying15.Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research?A.Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings.B.There might be significant limitations to the research findings.C.Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas.D.There is always a single clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying16.Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook?A.to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychologyB.to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological scienceC.to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illnessD.to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations

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ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering17.The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations forpsychological phenomena is that:A.critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.B.everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.C.critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for makingconclusions.D.everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for makingconclusions.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical ThinkingOBJ:1.1BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Remembering18.Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his ownbeliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be theresult of flawed research. This is an example of:A.misunderstanding or not using statistics.B.hindsight bias.C.a failure to accurately judge source credibility.D.the confirmation bias.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying19.You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to makesure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do inorder to avoid the confirmation bias?A.focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news websiteB.place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefsC.focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurateresearchD.place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooksANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying20.Which ofthe following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias?A.selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that isnegativeB.selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that ispositiveC.selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports ourexisting beliefsD.selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against

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our existing beliefsANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Understanding21.A drug company wants to create an advertisement for a new antidepressant drug. Using yourknowledge of source credibility, which of the following advertisements would be most persuasive?A.an ad that features a celebrity on the set of his or her new pirate movieB.an ad that features an actor portraying a doctorC.an ad that features the CEO of the drug companyD.an ad that features a famous person who has struggled with depressionANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying22.A drug company is creating a commercial for a new heart medication. Since the evidence for thisdrug is weak, they focus on the expertise of the drug company instead of the research findings.This strategy is known as:A.taking mental shortcuts.C.appeals to authority.B.the hindsight bias.D.the confirmation bias.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Understanding23.Which of the following is NOT a reason why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes?A.People are motivated to use their intelligence.B.People want to make sense of events that happen around them.C.The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things.D.The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Remembering24.Which of the following is NOT one of the major biases in thinking described in your text?A.misunderstanding or not using statisticsB.seeing relationships that do not existC.failing to accurately judge source credibilityD.ignoring other people’s perspectivesANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical

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ThinkingMSC:Remembering25.Which of the following is an example of the “seeing relationships that do not exist”bias inthinking described in your text?A.Abby thinks she is an above-average dancer, an above-average singer, and anabove-average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average.B.Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recallone that happened recently.C.Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam.D.Ziva believes that she is more likely to make her next shot, because she has made the lastthree in a row.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying26.Which of the following is an example of the “misunderstanding or not using statistics”bias inthinking described in your text?A.Matt thinks he did well in psychology because he is intelligent, but failed chemistrybecause his teacher was incompetent.B.Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recallone that happened recently.C.Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.D.John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to beheads the next time it is flipped.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying27.Which of the following is an example of the “taking mental shortcuts”bias in thinking described inyour text?A.Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but got a D on hiscommunications project because the instructions were too confusing.B.Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember thesinking of theTitanic.C.Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats fried chicken before he goes onstage to perform.D.Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying28.Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists?A.Once we know the outcome, we pretend we knew it was going to happen to makeourselves feel better.B.Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome.C.Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe.

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D.Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurateprediction.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Understanding29.On his way to the basketball game, Tom says he cannot predict who will win. After his team winsthe game, Tom says he knew they were going to win because their defense always plays welltogether. This is an example of:A.taking mental shortcuts.C.the self-serving bias.B.the hindsight bias.D.the confirmation bias.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying30.Which of the following is a benefit of using heuristics and mental shortcuts?A.They can lead to reasonably good decisions without too much effort.B.They can lead to better decisions compared to effortful decision-making strategies.C.They can lead to poor decisions but are very easy to use.D.They can lead to poor decisions, but we outgrow them as we get older.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Understanding31.Isaac is trying to decide how often shark attacks happen. He quickly remembers all the shark attackshows he saw on television last week, so he decides that they must be common. Isaac’soverestimation of the rate of shark attacks is an example of:A.the hindsight bias.B.taking mental shortcuts.C.the self-serving bias.D.failing to accurately judge source credibility.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying32.A recent survey found that 80 percent of high school students believed that they were aboveaverage on reading, writing, and math skills. Given that only 50 percent can be above average onany dimension, this is an example of the ________ bias.A.hindsightC.confirmationB.self-servingD.egocentricANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think

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OBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying33.When Brent wins his track race, he says he won because of his athletic skills and hard work. WhenBrent loses his next race, he says he lost because the track was slippery and he lost his balance.This is an example of the ________ bias.A.confirmationC.egocentricB.hindsightD.self-servingANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying34.Kaley has a big presentation at work. Afterward, her boss tells her she did a terrible job and firesher immediately. Given what you know about the self-serving bias, how will Kaley explain thissituation?A.I did poorly on this presentation because I am stupid.B.I did poorly on this presentation because the topic was confusing and my boss did not giveme enough time to complete it.C.I did well on this presentation because I am a good public speaker and I am smart.D.I did well on this presentation because it was easy and my boss did most of the work.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically ThinkOBJ:1.1CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying35.According to your text, the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius emphasized each of thefollowing psychological topics EXCEPT:A.human development.C.intelligence.B.interpersonal relations.D.education.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology?OBJ:1.2ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Analyzing36.Yuko remarks that she is interested in child development and educational psychology. Based onyour text’s discussion, Yuko’s interests echo the:A.emphases of Confucius.C.thoughts of Greek scholars.B.writings of da Vinci.D.writings of early Muslim thinkers.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.2 What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology?OBJ:1.2ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding37.Psychology developed into a discipline in:A.ancient China.B.nineteenth-century Europe.C.classical Greece.D.colonial America, in the eighteenth century.

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ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:1.2 What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology?OBJ:1.2ANAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering38.Your text traces the nature/nurture debate back to:A.the Chinese philosopher Confucius.B.the ancient Egyptians.C.Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle.D.the Renaissance philosopher Descartes.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long HistoryOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering39.The nature in the nature/nurture debate refers to either ________ factors affecting humanpsychological development.A.biological or behavioralC.biological or environmentalB.behavioral or environmentalD.formal or naturalANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long HistoryOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering40.According to the nature/nurture debate, nature states that individual psychological characteristicsare a result of:A.education.C.experiences.B.biological influences.D.culture.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long HistoryOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering41.With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychological scientists now believe that:A.nature is the most important factor in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior.B.the mind, the brain, and behavior are largely a matter of nurture.C.both nature and nurture are important in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior.D.the issue is largely irrelevant to understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long HistoryOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Remembering42.A little boy is running around a grocery store, screaming, yelling, and throwing cans. His parentscannot control him. A strict nurture-only theorist might say:A.“His parents must have been really active when they were children.”B.“He cannot help that he was born wild.”C.“Even if he was born wild, his parents should be able to control him.”D.“Boys evolved to act this way when they are young.”ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long HistoryOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying

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43.Your friend gets in a traumatic car accident and the doctors are worried that she may developposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, your friend seems to be coping well and is notshowing any PTSD symptoms. How would a strict nature-only theorist explain this situation?A.Your friend inherited a genetic resilience against stressors that can lead to PTSD.B.Your friend must have a good support network that prevented her from developing PTSD.C.Your friend inherited a genetic predisposition to PTSD.D.Your friend needs a better support network if she wants to avoid developing PTSD.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long HistoryOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and CriticalThinkingMSC:Applying44.Over history, people have viewed the mind as being located in each of the following parts of thebody EXCEPT the:A.brain.C.heart.B.liver.D.sexual organs.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient RootsOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering45.Dualism is the idea that:A.the mind and the brain are separate entities.B.the mind and the brain are the same entity.C.the mind and the brain are opposing forces.D.there is no mind, just the brain.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient RootsOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering46.Which of the following philosophers is most noted for promoting dualism as an explanation of themind/body problem?A.René DescartesC.HippocratesB.Leonardo da VinciD.Sigmund FreudANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient RootsOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Analyzing47.The idea that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes the viewpoint of:A.dualism.C.introspection.B.structuralism.D.none of the above.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient RootsOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering48.For most of human history, Western scholars believed that the mind and body were separate andthat humans were unique among the animals because humans:A.possessed a soul.B.controlled other animals.C.were mortal.D.had a mind and body that interacted for a divine purpose.

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ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient RootsOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering49.With respect to the mind/body problem, which of the following alternatives best captures the viewof dualism held by contemporary psychological scientists?A.Most psychological scientists reject dualism.B.Most psychological scientists accept dualism.C.While many psychological scientists reject dualism, a growing minority promote a returnto dualism.D.While many psychological scientists accept dualism, a growing minority reject the view.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient RootsOBJ:1.2BNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Analyzing50.Who first proposed that psychology should be a science of observation and experimentation inorder to discover the laws of the mind?A.René DescartesC.John Stuart MillB.John LockeD.Hermann von HelmholtzANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Analyzing51.Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology?A.to move from the study of the mind to the study of the bodyB.to move from the study of the body to the study of the mindC.to move from speculation to observation and experimentationD.to move from experimentation and observation to speculationANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering52.In which city did Wilhelm Wundt open the first psychological laboratory?A.Vienna, AustriaC.Oxford, EnglandB.Leipzig, GermanyD.Krakow, PolandANS:BDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering53.A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a mental experience in as muchdetail as possible is called:A.introspection.C.introjection.B.internal perception.D.internal sensation.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering54.Dave walks into his dorm and finds his roommate Pete concentrating and staring at an apple. Whenhe questions what he is doing, Pete tells Dave he is trying to describe the apple’s quality andintensity. Pete is using what technique?

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A.stream of consciousnessC.introspectionB.functionalismD.internal reviewANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying55.Your friend hands you a teddy bear and asks you to describe your sensations and feelingsconnected to the teddy bear. In this example, you are engaging in:A.psychoanalysis.C.introspection.B.functionalism.D.free association.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying56.Jordan studies consciousness by training himself to objectively report on his own sensations,which is similar to how the ________ school investigated psychology.A.structuralistC.psychodynamicB.functionalistD.behavioristANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying57.Which early school of psychology used introspection to study subjective mental experiences?A.functionalismC.cognitiveB.behavioralD.structuralismANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering58.If you were asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question,the technique used would be:A.inspection.C.abstraction.B.conscription.D.introspection.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding59.Lassandra takes a sip of cola. “Sweet . . . cold, wet, tingly . . . slightly bitter,” she reports.Lassandra is engaging in:A.functionalism.C.psychoanalysis.B.free association.D.introspection.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with IntrospectionOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying60.The early school of structuralism was introduced by:A.Edward Titchener.C.Wilhelm Wundt.

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B.William James.D.Mary Whiton Calkins.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering61.Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of structuralism?A.Sigmund FreudC.Edward TitchenerB.B.F. SkinnerD.William JamesANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering62.According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to:A.uncover the unconscious determinants of behavior.B.focus on observable behavior itself.C.identify the elements of conscious experience.D.identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering63.Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to isolate the fundamental attributes of mentalexperience. Dr. Leleux appears most sympathetic to the ________ school of thought inpsychology.A.structuralistC.functionalistB.behavioristD.GestaltANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to StructuralismOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding64.Mary and Brian see a machine on the television programAmerican Inventor. Mary wants to knowwhat parts make up the machine, but Brian wants to know its purpose. Mary’s approach is mostsimilar to the ________ school of psychology, while Brian’s approach is most similar to the________ school of psychology.A.structuralist; functionalistC.Gestalt; psychoanalyticB.functionalist; structuralistD.psychoanalytic; GestaltANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Analyzing65.The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in theactivity of takingthis exam exemplifies psychologist William James’s concept of:A.sea of ideas.C.river of thoughts.B.ports of call.D.stream of consciousness.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2C

Psychological Science Fifth Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview image

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NAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding66.Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of functionalism?A.Sigmund FreudC.Wilhelm WundtB.B.F. SkinnerD.William JamesANS:DDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering67.With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in:A.the contribution of unconscious memories to one’s emotional experience.B.the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.C.how emotions aid one’s adaptation to the environment.D.one’s subjective interpretation of one’s emotions.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Analyzing68.Functionalism has been criticized because it:A.does not include elements of the nature/nurture debate.B.sometimes lacks scientific rigor.C.focuses on narrow parts of problems rather than on the whole.D.does not take into account the way children process information.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding69.Functionalism has influenced each of the following pursuits EXCEPT:A.determining the function of religion.B.developing better ways of applying divergent thinking and creativity in the classroom.C.determining teaching methods based on how children’s minds process information.D.developing reward and punishment programs and token economies.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding70.Charles Darwin’sOn the Origin of Specieshad its strongest influence on the ________ school ofthought in psychology.A.functionalistC.structuralistB.humanisticD.psychoanalyticANS:ADIF:EasyREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering71.According to the concept of survival of the fittest:A.random mutations are always adaptive.B.only the biggest animals will survive.C.organisms that are most adaptive to their environments are most likely to survive.D.organisms that can spontaneously mutate their genes in response to the environment aremost likely to survive.

Psychological Science Fifth Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview image

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ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering72.Paul researches how cooperation in humans increases our ability to survive and successfully raisechildren. Paul uses a(n) ________ approach in his research.A.structuralistC.evolutionaryB.functionalistD.cognitiveANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying73.Lucinda is afraid of dogs. Her psychologist, Dr. Lee, believes her fear is part of an adaptiveresponse that has helped our species survive. Which psychological approach does Dr. Lee follow?A.psycholanalysisC.socialB.behaviorismD.evolutionaryANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Applying74.Will believes that most modern men prefer young and healthy female partners because thispreference increases the likelihood of the survival of our genetic ancestors. Which psychologicalapproach does Will believe?A.socialC.functionalistB.evolutionaryD.cognitiveANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Understanding75.The idea that the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution is the viewpoint of:A.structuralism.C.behaviorism.B.functionalism.D.none of the above.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of BehaviorOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering76.Gestalt psychology is best seen as a reaction against the ________ approach.A.functionalistC.psychoanalyticB.humanisticD.structuralistANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:1.2 Gestalt Psychology Emphasized Patterns and Context in LearningOBJ:1.2CNAT:APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyMSC:Remembering77.Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the Gestalt school ofthought?A.Sigmund FreudC.Wolfgang KöhlerB.B.F. SkinnerD.William JamesANS:CDIF:EasyREF:1.2 Gestalt Psychology Emphasized Patterns and Context in Learning

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