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Scientific American: Psychology 1st Edition Test Bank

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    Multiple Choice 1. Psychology is defined as the: A) study of mental processes. B) scientific study of behavior and mental processes. C) study of mental disorders and their treatment. D) science of behavior. Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 1 Define psychology. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 2. Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying: A) mental processes. B) behavior. C) mental disorders and their treatment. D) behavior and mental processes. Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 1 Define psychology. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 3. Brenda says, "Psychology is the study of behavior." Chase responds, "No, psychologists study emotions." Which statement BEST evaluates these two remarks? A) Brenda's statement is too broad; Chase's is too narrow. B) Brenda's statement is too narrow; Chase's is correct C) Brenda's statement is correct; Chase's is incorrect.

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    2 D) Brenda's statement is too narrow. Chase's is also too narrow. Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 1 Define psychology. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 4. Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between psychology and the study of behavior? A) The study of behavior is part of psychology. B) Psychology does not include the study of behavior. It focuses on the mind. C) The study of behavior is the same thing as psychology. D) At one time, psychology was defined as the study of behavior. It is now considered the science of the mind. Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 1 Define psychology. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? WebQuiz: WebQuiz 2 5. The textbook describes the plight of 33 trapped Chilean miners. Which aspect(s) of this situation would most interest a psychologist, and why? A) the miners' actions, such as praying or screaming; Psychology is the science of behavior B) the miners' thoughts and feelings; Psychology is the study of mental processes C) the potential for the miners to develop post - traumatic stress disorder; Psychology emphasizes mental disorders D) all of these aspects; Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.3 APA Outcome: 1.1; 4.2

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    3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 1 Define psychology. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 6. Which proportion BEST approximates the percentage of psychologists who provide therapy? A) one - quarter B) one - third C) one - half D) three - quarters Ans: C APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2; 1.3 APA Outcome: 1.1; 4.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Feature: Figure 1.1 Fields of Psychology Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? WebQuiz: WebQuiz 1 7. Beatriz has just received her doctoral degree in psychology. In which setting is she MOST likely to find employment, all else being equal? A) academia B) a hospital C) the military D) a large corporation Ans: A APA 2.0: 5 .1 APA Outcome: 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Feature: Figure 1.1 Fields of Psychology Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology?

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    4 8. The largest area of specialization in psychology is _____ psychology. A) developmental B) clinical/counseling C) educational D) social/personality Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2; 5.1 APA Outcome: 4.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Feature: Figure 1.1 Fields of Psychology Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 9. Research focused on changing behaviors or outcomes is called _____ research. A) basic B) practical C) experimental D) applied Ans: D APA 2.0: 2.4 APA Outcome: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? WebQuiz: WebQuiz 2 10. Which of these individuals is LEAST likely to be a psychologist? A) Dionne, who holds a PhD degree B) Everett, who has an MD degree C) Fallon, who graduated with a PsyD degree D) Each of these individuals is equally likely to be a psychologist.

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    5 Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.2; 5 .1 APA Outcome: 4.1; 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Feature: Table 1.1 Mental Health Professionals Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 11. Which professional is MOST likely to have a master's degree as her most advanced credential? A) a psychiatrist B) a counseling psychologist C) a mental health counselor D) a clinical psychologist Ans: C APA 2.0: 5. 1; 5.5 APA Outcome: 4.1; 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Feature: Table 1.1 Mental Health Professionals Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? WebQuiz: WebQuiz 1 12. MD is to PhD as _____ is to _____. A) psychiatrist; clinical psychologist B) clinical psychologist; psychiatrist C) clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist D) counseling psychologist; clinical psychologist Ans: A APA 2.0: 5 .1; 5 .5 APA Outcome: 10.2; 4.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium

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    6 Feature: Table 1.1 Mental Health Professionals Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? 13. Whether a field of study is a science is determined by the: A) credentials of those who specialize in the field. B) methods used to collect information in the field. C) technological sophistication of the equipment used in the field. D) subject matter of the field. Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 2 Describe the scope of psychology and its subfields. Page: 6 Topic: What Is Psychology? 14. Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology? A) explain B) analyze C) predict D) control Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 15. Organizing and making sense of behavioral observations is central to psychology's goal of: A) description.

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    7 B) prediction. C) control. D) explanation. Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 16. In the context of psychology's goals, observe is to describe as understand is to: A) analyze. B) predict. C) control. D) explain. Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology WebQuiz: WebQuiz 1 17. Shaping and modifying behavior is the essence of psychology's _____ goal. A) control B) predict C) explain D) describe Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy

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    8 Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 18. When psychologists describe behavior, they: A) project future behavior. B) shape desirable behavior. C) observe behavior systematically. D) make sense of behavior. Ans: C APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 19. With respect to the goals of psychology, understanding behavior is to applying findings as _____ is to _____. A) describing; controlling B) explaining; controlling C) explaining; describing D) controlling; explaining Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 20. With respect to the goals of psychology; prediction is to projecting outcomes as _____ is to _____.

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    9 A) explanation; making observations B) explanation; applying findings C) description; making observations D) description; applying findings Ans: C APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 21. Planning research, making observations, and communicating findings are all part of psychology's _____ goal. A) describe B) explain C) predict D) control Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 22. Which activity is NOT part of psychology's goal of explanation? A) shaping behavior B) noticing patterns C) seeking clues in the literature D) identifying causes Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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    10 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology 23. A psychologist is pursuing psychology's _____ goal when she observes aggressive behavior among patrons in a bar. A) describe B) predict C) explain D) control Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.3 APA Outcome: 1.1; 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology WebQuiz: WebQuiz 2 24. A psychologist advises a petroleum company on selecting offshore oil rig workers likely to comply with safety regulations. The psychologist is pursuing psychology's goal of: A) description. B) prediction. C) explanation. D) control. Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.3 APA Outcome: 1.1; 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 3 Summarize the goals of the discipline of psychology Page: 7 Topic: The Goals of Psychology

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    11 25. Whereas the philosopher _____ believed that humans possessed some innate knowledge, the philosopher _____ believed that all knowledge is derived from experience. A) Plato; Aristotle B) Aristotle; Plato C) Aristotle; Descartes D) Descartes; Plato Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 8 - 9 Topic: Philosophy and Physiology 26. Which choice correctly pairs a philosopher with the concept with which he is associated? A) Plato – empiricism B) Aristotle – nativism C) Aristotle – dualism D) Descartes – dualism Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Philosophy and Physiology 27. The Renaissance philosopher John Locke argued that our knowledge is acquired solely through experience. Locke's position reflects the legacy of the Greek philosopher: A) Plato. B) Socrates. C) Aristotle. D) Hippocrates.

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    12 Ans: C APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Philosophy and Physiology 28. The title of the American jazz classic, "Body and Soul" echoes a view known as dualism, a view associated MOST prominently with the philosopher: A) Plato. B) Descartes. C) Aristotle. D) Fechner. Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Philosophy and Physiology 29. The saying "mind over matter" reflects a philosophical view called _____, which is associated with _____. A) dualism; Descartes B) empiricism; Aristotle C) dualism; Aristotle D) empiricism; Descartes Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging

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    13 Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Philosophy and Physiology 30. The formal beginning of psychology is associated with: A) James. B) Wundt. C) Titchener. D) Descartes. Ans: B APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Feature: Infographic 1.1 Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Psychology is Born 31. Wundt began operating the first psychology lab in: A) 1829. B) 1839. C) 1859. D) 1879. Ans: D APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Psychology is Born

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    14 32. It is the year 2029. At the American Psychological Association's annual conference, a special keynote address commemorates the 150 th anniversary of an historic event in psychology's early days. What event is celebrated in the address? A) Wundt founding the first psychology laboratory B) Calkins becoming the first female president of the APA C) Titchener opening a lab at Cornell D) Watson establishing behaviorism Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Psychology is Born 33. Which location is associated with the formal beginning of psychology? A) Vienna, Austria B) Berlin, Germany C) Leipzig, Germany D) Cambridge, England Ans: C APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 9 Topic: Psychology is Born WebQuiz: WebQuiz 1 34. "He wanted to do for psychology what the Periodic Table of the Elements did for chemistry," lectures a psychology professor. To whom is the professor MOST likely referring? A) Titchener B) James

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    15 C) Freud D) Maslow Ans: A APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 10 Topic: Psychology is Born WebQuiz: WebQuiz 1 35. Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental attributes of mental experience. Dr. Leleux appears most sympathetic to psychology’s school of: A) humanism. B) behaviorism. C) structuralism. D) functionalism. Ans: C APA 2.0: 1.1; 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying Difficulty: Challenging Feature: Infographic 1.1 Learning Objective: LO 4 Identify influential people in the formation of Psychology as a discipline. Page: 10 Topic: Psychology is Born WebQuiz: WebQuiz 2 36. A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called: A) inner perception. B) subjective perception. C) internal observation. D) introspection.

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