Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition

Preview (16 of 505 Pages)

100%

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 1 preview image

Loading page ...

1Graziano and Raulin Research Methods Test BankChapter 1 Curiosity, Creativity, and Commitment1.1 Science1) What was the most shocking aspect of the Kitty Genovese murder?A) that she died so youngB) that her death was entirely predictable and preventableC) that she was killed by her daughterD) that many people witnessed the killing and did not come to her aidAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 2Skill: Interpretive2) What factor in the Kitty Genovese murder puzzled Darley and Latané the most and became the focusof their research?A) the fact that Ms. Genovese was stabbed so many timesB) the fact that this murder took place in an area in which murders were rareC) the fact that so many people witnessed the crime but failed to helpD) the fact that a security system that might have prevented the murder was blocked by concerns aboutprivacyAnswer: CType: MCPage Ref: 2Skill: Interpretive3) In which of the following settings is it impossible to conduct scientific thinking?A) while fishingB) in a laboratory settingC) with the aid of computers, statistics, and other equipmentD) scientific thinking can be conducted anywhereAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Interpretive4) ________ is a process of formulating specific questions and then finding answers in order to betterunderstand nature.A) Scientific researchB) PsychoanalysisC) RomanticismD) HistoryAnswer: AType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Factual5) According to your text, what is the "essence" of science?A) the factsB) its way of thinkingC) the hardwareD) its theories

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 2 preview image

Loading page ...

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 3 preview image

Loading page ...

2Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 3 (SG)Skill: Factual6) The essence of science isA) a logical way of acting.B) a logical way of thinking.C) laboratory equipment, statistical procedures, and computers.D) the collective products of science.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Interpretive7) Critical thinking is defined asA) gathering and evaluating information to reach consistently reasonable decisions.B) finding the flaws in an argument and pointing them out.C) finding the points of agreement and disagreement between two or more people.D) writing detailed arguments for any given position.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Factual8) Which of the following is true about critical thinking?A) We are generally logical although not always systematic.B) We often do not have the time or intellectual energy to think every problem through.C) Logic is natural for us and we will be logical unless someone tries to fool us.D) Without training, we can never be logical and critical in our thinking.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Interpretive9) We can think of psychological research as theA) application of strategies to overcome natural biases.B) use of critical thinking to study and understand human behavior.C) processes that affect human behavior and create human biases.D) culmination of millennia of development and refinement of human knowledge.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Interpretive10) Critical thinking is important if you want toA) become a psychological researcher.B) be a consumer of psychological research.C) be effective in making everyday decisions.D) ALL OF THE ABOVEAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 3Skill: Interpretive

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 4 preview image

Loading page ...

311) Who systematically posed questions to citizens of his era to reveal their ignorance and make themuncomfortable?A) SocratesB) ThalesC) GalileoD) HippocratesAnswer: AType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Interpretive12) The Scopes monkey trialA) took place in Africa.B) featured the great debate between Dr. Darwin and Mr. Scopes.C) pitted scientific evolutionary theory against Leviticus.D) debated the teaching of concepts of evolution in high school classes.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Factual13) Our modern equivalent of the Scopes trial isA) the use of genetics in medical diagnoses.B) seen in almost every domestic dispute brought to the courts.C) today's attempts to get the "intelligent design" concept into school science classes.D) the academic debates over heredity versus environment.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Interpretive14) The ancient Greek philosopher executed as a subversive wasA) Socrates.B) Herodotus.C) HerodotusD) Plato.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Factual15) Scientists are pervasive ________; that is, they constantly challenge accepted wisdom in their searchfor more.complete answers.A) optimistsB) skepticsC) pessimistsD) laureatesAnswer: BType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Interpretive16) A good scientist mustA) be unwilling to tolerate uncertainty.B) deny anything that is uncertain.

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 5 preview image

Loading page ...

4C) focus only on what is certain about the world around us.D) be willing to tolerate uncertainty.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Interpretive17) Scientific censorshipA) must be balanced against the importance of freedom to exchange ideas.B) primarily occurred in communist countries.C) is often necessary to advance science.D) never occurs in the United States.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 4Skill: Interpretive18) A scientist's pursuit of curiosity can best be described asA) passiveB) idle.C) peripatetic.D) activeAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 5Skill: Interpretive19) Skinner noted that a motivator for scientists isA) curiosity.B) fame.C) money.D) the questioning reflex.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 4-5Skill: Factual20) Active curiosityA) is a major characteristic of scientists.B) is the only characteristic that differentiates scientists from others.C) should be discouraged in children.D) is of little use to scientists.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 5 (SG)Skill: Interpretive21) The term ________ in science mean discoveries that are unanticipated, fortuitous or "lucky."A) essentialB) primaryC) serendipityD) heuristicAnswer: CType: MCPage Ref: 5Skill: Factual

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 6 preview image

Loading page ...

522) Charles Gross discovered a single neuron that was sensitive to stimuli when heA) presented multi-colored squares to the monkey.B) allowed graduate students to pick the stimuli to show the monkey.C) disconnected the apparatus and allowed the monkey to react naturally.D) waved "good night" to the monkey.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 5Skill: Factual23) A scientist's curiosity leads to discoveries because ofA) lack of rigidity.B) pure luck and long hours of research.C) a prepared mind, luck, and long hours of research.D) a prepared mind and the knowledge of the latest technological advances.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 5Skill: Factual24) Scientists and artistsA) use entirely different methods in their work.B) are entirely different kinds of people.C) engage in a mix of artistic and intellectual endeavors.D) are thoroughly alienated from each other.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 6Skill: Interpretive25) Both scientists and artistsA) would argue that art and science are fundamentally different.B) engage in a mix of artistic and intellectual pursuits.C) represent their ideas visually.D) present verifiable truths.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 6Skill: Factual26) Which of the following statements is true?A) Youngsters who are good at science or math cannot be proficient in the arts.B) While scientists have great curiosity about nature, artists have little or none.C) Science and art have a great deal in common.D) Science and art have little in common.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 6 (SG)Skill: Interpretive27) Who is considered the first great medical illustrator?A) ThalesB) VerocchioC) HippocratesD) da Vinci

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 7 preview image

Loading page ...

6Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 6-7Skill: Factual28) Leonardo da Vinci is a good example of someone who combined art andA) culture.B) science.C) theology.D) business.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 6-7Skill: Interpretive1.2 Acquiring Knowledge1) Believing in something because your family has always accepted it as true is an example ofA) intuition.B) rationalism.C) tenacity.D) superstition.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 7Skill: Applied2) Which of Helmstadter's common methods of acquiring knowledge is characterized by acceptance of anidea because it has always been accepted?A) tenacityB) intuitionC) rationalismD) authorityAnswer: AType: MCPage Ref: 7 (SG)Skill: Interpretive3) The belief that symptom substitution will occur if enuretic children are treated by conditioning therapies,even in the face of consistent contradictory evidence, is an example ofA) tenacity.B) rationalism.C) empiricism.D) science.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 7-8Skill: Applied4) Believing in something because the President tells you it is true is an example ofA) authority.B) civic duty.C) tenacity.D) intuition.Answer: A

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 8 preview image

Loading page ...

7Type: MCPage Ref: 8Skill: Applied5) The method of acquiring knowledge in which an individual has a hunch or "gut feeling" but does notrationally examine facts isA) authority.B) tenacity.C) intuition.D) empiricism.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 8Skill: Interpretive6) "Research methods examinations are always easy; this is a research methods exam; therefore, thisexam is easy" is an example ofA) intuition.B) rationalism.C) empiricism.D) sick humor.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 8-9Skill: Applied7) Rationalism develops knowledge by the use ofA) observation.B) empirical facts.C) reasoning.D) reasoning and observation.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 8-9Skill: Interpretive8) One problem with using rationalism to obtain knowledge is thatA) the premises may be unimportant.B) the premises may not be true.C) observations may be representative, but there may be exceptions.D) observations may not be completely representative.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 9Skill: Interpretive9) Empiricism gains knowledge throughA) intuition.B) reasoning.C) observation.D) reasoning and intuition.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 9 (SG)Skill: Interpretive

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 9 preview image

Loading page ...

810) Understanding or knowing the world through observation of real events is calledA) rationalism.B) empiricism.C) tenacity.D) intuition.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 9-10 (SG)Skill: Factual11) In which method of acquiring knowledge must the major and minor premises be true if we are to drawa correct conclusion?A) tenacityB) intuitionC) authorityD) rationalismAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 9Skill: Interpretive12) Which of the following methods of gaining knowledge is developed through reasoning processesalone?A) rationalismB) empiricismC) raison d'etreD) scienceAnswer: AType: MCPage Ref: 9Skill: Interpretive13) Which of the following methods of gaining knowledge employs the use of actual sense data?A) empiricismB) intuitionC) extrasensory perceptionD) tenacityAnswer: AType: MCPage Ref: 9-10Skill: Interpretive14) Of the following methods of acquiring knowledge, which is the most demanding in terms of adequacyof information?A) tenacityB) intuitionC) authorityD) empiricismAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Interpretive15) A researcher observes many babies and sees them all cry. She concludes that babies often cry. Thisis an example ofA) empiricism.

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 10 preview image

Loading page ...

9B) intuition.C) rationalism.D) tenacity.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 9-10Skill: Applied16) Which of the following methods of acquiring knowledge places the most demands on the nature ofevidence and procedures for study?A) intuitionB) tenacityC) empiricismD) authorityAnswer: CType: MCPage Ref: 9 (SG)Skill: Interpretive17) A person who does not believe that the North Pole exists because he or she has never seen it isdemonstratingA) rational empiricism.B) naive empiricism.C) tenacious empiricism.D) sophisticated empiricism.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 9Skill: Applied18) One limitation of the use of empiricism is thatA) observations may not be representative.B) logical processes can be incorrect.C) costly equipment is necessary.D) basic premises must be true.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 9-10Skill: Interpretive19) ________ empiricism includes observing phenomena, not only directly but also indirectly throughdirect observation of their impact on other objects.A) RationalB) TenaciousC) SophisticatedD) NaiveAnswer: CType: MCPage Ref: 9Skill: Interpretive20) Which of the following brings together elements of both empiricism and rationalism?A) colloquiaB) scienceC) scientologyD) phenomenology

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 11 preview image

Loading page ...

10Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Interpretive21) Science is a way of thinking that integrates bothA) tenacity and intuition.B) ad hoc and post hoc reasoning.C) rational logic and empirical observation.D) a priori hypotheses and tenacity.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Interpretive22) The statement, "I won't believe it unless I see it" is an example ofA) naive empiricism.B) rational empiricism.C) sophisticated empiricism.D) tenacity.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 9Skill: Applied23) The method of acquiring knowledge that makes the most demands on the information isA) empiricism.B) rationalism.C) science.D) tenacityAnswer: CType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Interpretive24) Which of the following does science NOT use?A) empiricismB) astrologyC) rationalismD) general principlesAnswer: BType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Interpretive25) A researcher observes children, logically thinks about his observations, and produces a theory. He isusingA) science.B) empiricism.C) theorism.D) rationalism.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Applied

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 12 preview image

Loading page ...

1126) Which of the following statements is accurate?A) Scientific thinking represents an integration of rationalism and direct empirical observation.B) Scientific endeavors are completely separate from social parameters.C) Scientific thinking is primarily based on intuition.D) There was no science before Copernicus, Galileo, or Newton.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 10Skill: Interpretive1.3 Emergence of Science1) The "orderliness belief" suggests thatA) although the universe is not orderly, being orderly and precise yourself can make it more orderly.B) early men incorrectly believed that the universe was orderly.C) the universe operates in an orderly, lawful manner.D) the ancient religions and their gods demanded orderly worship.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 11Skill: Interpretive2) Between 6000-4000 B.C.A) the Egyptians started primitive trading networks.B) the Sumerians created one of the strongest empires in history.C) the Babylonians and Egyptians flourished and lived in complex, stable societies.D) humans only had polished stone tools.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 11Skill: Factual3) Which of the following did people NOT do between 6000-4000 B.C.?A) complicated business skills dependent on navigationB) write important books on astronomy, medicine, and surgeryC) have a unified concept of the universe in which gods played an important roleD) have a unified conception of the universe in which astrology played an important roleAnswer: DType: MCPage Ref: 11Skill: Factual4) Benjamin Farrington emphasized two characteristics of the skills men had up until 1,000 B.C. ThesewereA) practical skills and knowledge for the sake of knowledge.B) religious, abstract knowledge and conceptualizations of the universe and practical skills.C) practical skills and more abstract general ideas about nature.D) abstract general ideas about nature and skill at pleasing the gods.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual5) Which of the following is correct?A) By about 1000 B.C., humans had still not developed any measurable civilization.

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 13 preview image

Loading page ...

12B) Technology is a recent development of the twentieth century.C) There was no hint of science until the eighteenth century.D) By 1000 B.C., there had developed a rich legacy of human skills.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 12 (SG)Skill: Factual6) The great surge from neolithic stone tools into the age of metals occurred duringA) The Golden Age.B) 6000-4000 B.C.C) the antediluvian era.D) the Age of Enlightenment.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 11Skill: Factual7) According to Farrington (1949), endeavors such as metallurgy and agriculture are based onA) a cooperative decision by a community.B) an assessment of the needs of the community.C) the application of practical, empirical skills.D) the development of abstract, theoretical ideas.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Interpretive8) According to Farrington (1949), people develop abstract, general ideas about nature byA) developing rhetorical skills.B) utilizing leisure time.C) engaging in metallurgy and agriculture.D) building on a long involvement in practical skills.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Interpretive9) Science began to flourish and grow into a powerful social movement during theA) Dark Ages.B) Eisenhower presidency.C) Golden Age.D) late Renaissance (seventeenth century).Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 13Skill: Factual10) Human civilizations were settled in the eastern Mediterranean region by aboutA) 1000 A.D.B) 6000 B.C.C) 1000 B.C.D) the time of the Roman Empire.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 12

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 14 preview image

Loading page ...

13Skill: Factual11) The development of abstract, general information comes about throughA) a renunciation of practical, everyday operations.B) a rejection of craftsmanship and artisanship.C) a long involvement in using empirical skills and concrete manipulations of the physical environment.D) the study of abstract subjects such as astronomy and biology.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Interpretive12) How do we classify the early (6000-4000 B.C.) skills of the Mediterranean artisans?A) abstract skillsB) empirical skillsC) religiousD) rationalistic skillsAnswer: BType: MCPage Ref: 12 (SG)Skill: Interpretive13) Science has been one of western civilization's ways of acquiring knowledge sinceA) the Middle Ages.B) the Romans, 4,400 years ago.C) the Greeks, 2,400 years ago.D) Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, and Darwin.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Interpretive14) Scientists and physicians believe they can predict the same outcome of a disease in different patientsbased onA) the orderliness belief.B) tenacity and intuition.C) biological bases of behavior.D) rational principles.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Applied15) The first Greek philosopher to combine an empirical rational view of the universe isA) Anaximander.B) Socrates.C) Xenophanes.D) Thales.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual16) Thales' philosophyA) speculated about a natural cosmology in which earth was the basic substance.B) stressed the observation of natural events in an unnatural universe.

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 15 preview image

Loading page ...

14C) stressed the observation of natural events in a natural universe.D) stressed the mysticism of gods, demons, and spirits.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual17) Which of the following was an early empiricist?A) EstiabanesB) ThalesC) PtolmyD) PlatoAnswer: BType: MCPage Ref: 12 (SG)Skill: Interpretive18) The ancient and implicit belief that the physical world is predictable is calledA) the empirical tradition.B) the orderliness belief.C) the rationalistic tradition.D) the predictability belief.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 11 (SG)Skill: Factual19) The basic components necessary for the emergence of science had been developed byA) 600 B.C.B) the twelfth through the thirteenth centuries.C) the sixteenth century.D) 5000 B.C.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 11 (SG)Skill: Factual20) The "orderliness belief" of Whitehead (1925) refers toA) Copernicus' belief that the planets are arranged in order of size.B) the implicit belief that the universe is orderly and predictable.C) the preoccupation of the ancient Egyptians with order.D) the observation that order always emerges out of chaos.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 11Skill: Interpretive21) The pre-Socratic periodA) neglected to include Thales.B) occurred in Greece around 600-400 B.C.C) occurred after the Trojan War.D) occurred in Egypt around 2600-2400 B.C.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual

Test Bank for Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th Edition - Page 16 preview image

Loading page ...

1522) Thales is notable for a view of the world thatA) emphasized religious and mystic experiences.B) rejected speculation altogether.C) excluded attention to observational details.D) combined empiricism and rationalism.Answer: DType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Interpretive23) Thales speculated that the basic substance of the universe wasA) water.B) phlogiston.C) air.D) fire.Answer: AType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual24) Hippocrates wasA) the first physician.B) an Ionian rationalist in Plato's tradition.C) an empiricist.D) the first physician to see the importance of ethics.Answer: CType: MCPage Ref: 12 (SG)Skill: Interpretive25) An early concept of evolution on earth was put forth byA) Thales.B) Anaximander.C) Aristophanes.D) Hippocrates.Answer: BType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual26) Empirical and theoretical considerations of geological change over time were developed byA) HippocratesB) XenophanesC) PlatoD) SocratesAnswer: BType: MCPage Ref: 12Skill: Factual27) The Ionian scientist-philosopher who first employed experimental methods wasA) Nebulus.B) Ionis.C) Strato.D) Thales.

Preview Mode

This document has 505 pages. Sign in to access the full document!

Report

Study Now!

Document Details

Related Documents

Psychology - Social Psychology

Psychology - Research Methods in Psychology

Psychology - Psychology Treatments

Psychology - Psychology Stress and Health

Psychology - Psychology Sensation

Psychology - Psychology Personality

Psychology - Psychology Perception

Psychology - Psychology Motivation

Psychology - Psychology Memory

Psychology - Psychology Measurement and Statistics

Company

Explore

Study Tools