Test Bank for Social Psychology, 10th Edition

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Test BankForSocial PsychologyTenth EditionElliot AronsonTimothy D. WilsonSamuel R. SommersPrepared byLinda Lockwood, Ph.D.,Metropolitan State University of Denver

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition1Social Psychology in Action 1:Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable andHappy FutureTotal Assessment Guide (TAG)TopicQuestionTypeRemember theFactsUnderstand theConceptsApply What YouKnowAnalyze ItIntroductionMultiple Choice13, 4, 5,EssayAppliedResearch inSocialPsychologyMultiple Choice6, 10, 19, 21, 257, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16,18, 23, 269, 11, 13, 17, 20,22, 24Essay81, 82Using SocialPsychology toAchieve aSustainableFutureMultiple Choice29, 30, 33, 40, 44,45, 49, 51, 55, 56,60, 61, 6237, 39, 42, 48, 52,54, 58, 5928, 31, 32, 34, 35,36, 38, 41, 43, 46,47, 50, 53, 57, 63,Essay83, 84, 85, 86, 87Happiness and aSustainableLifestyleMultiple Choice64, 65, 66, 67, 68,69, 70, 75,71, 73, 74, 76, 77,78, 8072, 79Essay9088, 89

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition2________________________________________________________________________________Multiple ChoiceChoose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.According to your text, the residents of Miami are already being affected by which environmental problem?a.global warmingb.air pollutionc.nuclear waste leakaged.overpopulationAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: IntroductionDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.2.Humans’rapid consumption of natural resources such as fossil fuels and difficulty finding places to put theirgarbage are symptoms of the underlying problem of __________.a.lack of awareness of environmental problemsb.apathy about the environmentc.overpopulationd.illiteracy and lack of educationAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: IntroductionDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.3.A number of years ago, the Chinese government adopted a“One Child”rule, in which parents are only allowedto have one child per couple. Such a policy was aimed at addressing the problem of overpopulation by__________.a.using authoritarian mandatesb.curbing population growthc.increasing awareness of the problemd.adopting a sustainable lifestyle using renewable resourcesAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: IntroductionDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION 1:USING SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY TO ACHIEVE A SUSTAINABLE ANDHAPPY FUTURE

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition34.Several automakers have recently come out with hybrid engines, which rely partially on gasoline and partiallyon electricity. Such innovations are examples of solving environmental problems by __________.a.improving technologyb.adopting a sustainable lifestylec.raising awareness of the problemd.eliminating our reliance on fossil fuels entirelyAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: IntroductionDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.5.Manuel is adopting a sustainable lifestyle by __________.a.posting notes around the house reminding him and his roommate to turn off the lights and recycleb.using the recycle bin in the apartment complex hallway provided by the apartment managerc.raising sustainable lifestyle awareness to people in his apartment communityd.selling his car and either riding his bike or using public transportation to travel placesAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: IntroductionDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.6.Kurt Lewin is considered to be the __________.a.founder of modern personality psychologyb.greatest applied methodologist of the twentieth centuryc.founder of empirical social psychologyd.father of professional psychologyAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.7.Kurt Lewin would recommend __________ as the best way to study problems in social psychology because__________.a.correlational methods; the researcher can find relationships between variablesb.observational methods; the researcher can describe behaviorc.experiments; the researcher can find cause-and-effect relationshipsd.studies; the researcher can control behaviorAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.8.Kurt Lewin is quoted as saying,“There is nothing so practical as a good theory.”This quote is best interpretedas meaning that __________.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition4a.hypothesis testing is limited to the quality of the underlying theoriesb.to solve difficult social problems, one first needs to understand the underlying theoryc.basic research is more important than application of the researchd.social psychologists should focus on solving world problemsAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.9.Dr. Palcon designs a study to test which strategy is best in terms of encouraging residents to recycle on aweekly basis. Dr. Palcon is most likely conducting __________ research.a.appliedb.basicc.correlationald.observationalAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.10.The author of the text describes the beauty of social psychology is that it addresses both __________ and__________ questions about human behavior.a.practical; impracticalb.hypothetical; factualc.basic; appliedd.behavioral norms; social normsAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.11.According to your text, which method is best suited for understanding the best interventions and solutions toreal-world problems?a.basic experimental researchb.applied experimental researchc.computer modelsd.correlational studiesAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition512.Dr. Morris investigates theories of how people form bonds to their pets. She is investigating a(n) __________question.a.basicb.appliedc.experimentald.correlationalAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.13.Dr. Garcia investigates how to reduce energy consumption in elementary school. He is investigating a(n)__________ research question.a.basicb.appliedc.experimentald.correlationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.14.In order to test the effectiveness of an intervention using an experiment, it is best to have __________.a.interviews from people before the interventionb.Interviews from people after the interventionc.a randomly assigned control groupd.mandatory enforcement of the interventionAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.15.Right after a massive fire that killed 10 people, the firefighters were instructed to attend a psychologicalintervention that lasted for several hours. During this time, they discussed their experiences and responses. Thisintervention is known as __________.a.Critical Incident Stress Debriefingb.Post-Traumatic Event Counselingc.Trauma Reduction Interventiond.Critical Trauma DebriefingAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition616.Your text discusses the psychological intervention CISD. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is supposed to__________.a.prevent violenceb.prevent psychiatric problems such as PTSDc.reduce the risk of suicide in victimsd.increase a sense of community and positive emotionsAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.17.A problem with social and psychological interventions is people use __________ to assess their effectiveness,which can be inaccurate.a.correlational methodsb.common sensec.observational datad.survey informationAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.18.Which method would be best to determine whether Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) works?a.basic experimental researchb.applied experimental researchc.computer modelsd.correlational studiesAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.19.McNally and his colleagues have conducted controlled experiments to examine the effectiveness of CriticalIncident Stress Debriefing (CISD) on preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results of thestudies show that CISD is __________.a.a very effective means of reducing PTSDb.only effective on police officersc.effective if administered within twenty-four hours of the traumad.not an effective means of preventing the onset of PTSDAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition720.Joe has just survived a horrible earthquake. After this traumatic event, he is asked if he wants to undergoCritical Incident Stress Debriefing. Based on information from your text, what would you suggest Joe do?a.Joe should undergo CISD; it has been shown to prevent the onset of psychological disorders.b.Joe should undergo CISD only if he wasn’t physically injured.c.Joe should not undergo CISD.d.Joe should only undergo CISD if he experienced the trauma less than twenty-four hours ago.Answer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.21.Based on research in your text, burn victims who did not undergo CISD were __________ than those who did.a.less likely to have anxiety disordersb.more likely to have anxiety disordersc.equally likely to have anxiety disordersd.less likely to develop anxiety disorders if they were womenAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.22.Leo was involved in a terrible car accident and was injured quite seriously. However, he did not undergo CISD.Based on the research presented in the text, how might you expect him to feel compared to other victims whodid experience CISD?a.He will be less likely to have anxiety disorders.b.He will be more likely to have anxiety disorders.c.He will be equally likely to have anxiety disorders.d.He will be less likely to develop anxiety disorders than if he were a woman.Answer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.23.Evidence presented by your text suggests that using Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is not the best way toprevent the onset of later anxiety disorders. Why is this the case?a.CISD is just a temporary solution to a long-lasting problem.b.People experiencing intense negative emotions may not want to focus on the event.c.CISD is usually not administered by a licensed psychotherapist.d.Trauma victims are often cognitively loaded.Answer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition824.Critical Incident Stress Debriefing had been mandatory for certain people who work with trauma. Based on theevidence presented in your text, what would you recommend to police and fire departments about requiringCISD for all employees?a.It should be required of all personnel on a daily basis.b.It should be required of all personnel after encountering a trauma.c.It should be required annually.d.It should be offered as an option or completely banned.Answer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.25.According to your text, what is the biggest reason why Critical Incident Stress Debriefing was used, evenwithout research evidence that it was effective?a.Conducting research would have taken too much time.b.A meta-analysis on hundreds of studies would be needed to determine its effectiveness.c.Doing the research would have been too expensive.d.Using CISD made good common sense.Answer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.26.Social psychologists are poised to help find solutions to applied psychological problems. Identify two reasonswhy.a.rich theories of human behavior and a long history of successful interventionsb.a good track record of developing successful interventions and use of the experimental methodc.rich theories of human behavior and knowledge of the experimental methodd.use of many methods to study human behavior and advanced statistical knowledgeAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.1 Describe how social psychological principles can be used to improve people'slives.Topic: Applied Research in Social PsychologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.27.According to the authors of your text, people’s perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved byothers is the definition of __________ norms.a.injunctiveb.disjunctivec.subjectived.descriptiveAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition928.Michelle and Emile were in a family restaurant when they noticed a couple of elderly ladies frowning at them.Apparently, the ladies did not approve of Michelle and Emile’s public displays of affection. Michelle and Emileviolated a(n) __________ norm.a.injunctiveb.disjunctivec.subjectived.descriptiveAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.29.People’s perceptions of how others actually do behave are called __________ norms.a.injunctiveb.disjunctivec.subjectived.descriptiveAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.30.People follow two types of social norms, __________ norms,which are people’s perceptions of what behaviorsare approved or disapproved of by others, and __________ norms,those that are people’sperceptions of howpeople actually behave.a.descriptive; injunctiveb.injunctive; descriptivec.behavioral; acceptabled.acceptable; behavioralAnswer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.31.Amanda and Sybil are getting ready to go out, so they are comparing what they are wearing. Amanda says thatshe’s wearing slacks even though the invitation says the dress requirement is“Cocktail dresses for ladies.”Sybil decides she will wear slacks too. Sybil is conforming to the __________ norm.a.injunctiveb.disjunctivec.subjectived.descriptiveAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.32.Which of the following anti-litter campaigns relies most on injunctive norms?a.highway signs that read“Keep America Beautiful”

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition10b.an ad with a picture of a crying Native American looking at a polluted landscapec.highway signs that read“Don’t Mess with Texas!”d.television ads that show streets filled with garbageAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.33.Injunctive norms address __________, whereas descriptive norms address __________.a.people’s perceptions of how other people behave; people’s perceptions of approved behaviorb.people's perceptions of acceptable physical stressors; people’s perceptions of approved behaviorc.people’s perceptions of approved behavior; people’s perceptions of how other people behaved.people’s perceptions of approved behavior; people's perceptions of acceptable physical stressorsAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.34.Nancy is listening to the radio while she drives. At the same moment she hears a message from the“KeepAmerica Beautiful”campaign, she notices a fast-food bag on the side of the road. The difference between whatNancy hears and sees reflects the difference between __________ norms and __________ norms.a.descriptive; objectiveb.descriptive; injunctivec.injunctive; descriptived.objective; descriptiveAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.35.During a drought, Lynne noticed that all of her neighbors had stopped watering their lawns, even though therewere no laws against watering. Lynne was following a __________ norm when she let her lawn turn brown,too.a.descriptiveb.proscriptivec.objectived.productiveAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.36.Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers and have decided to show atelevision ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers. This represents the use of __________norms to change safety behaviors.a.descriptiveb.injunctive

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition11c.conjunctived.proscriptiveAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.37.Recall that participants in a field experiment by Reno and his colleagues (1993) were more likely to properlydispose of a handbill left on their windshields when they saw a confederate pick up and dispose of a fast-foodbag. Results of this experiment reveal the power of __________ to reduce littering behaviors.a.descriptive normsb.self-awarenessc.injunctive normsd.subjective normsAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.38.Based on research by Cialdini and his colleagues (1990), Lola would be the LEASTlikely to toss her lunch bagon the ground in a space that __________.a.does not contain any litterb.contains one piece of litterc.contains a light density of litter (fewer than two pieces per ten square feet)d.contains a heavy density of litter (more than five pieces per ten square feet)Answer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.39.Recall that Cialdini and his colleagues (1990) found that students were least likely to toss handbills to the floorwhen there was a piece of discarded watermelon rind on the floor, compared to experimental conditions inwhich the floor was completely free of litter or when handbills were already scattered on the floor. One singlepiece of watermelon rind significantly reduced littering because it served to remind participants of __________.a.descriptive normsb.injunctive normsc.littering as a social dilemmad.the time and money costs to remove litterAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.40.Baca-Motes et al. (2013), Goldstein et al. (2008) and Terrier & Marfaing (2015) found a standard appeal to helpthe environment reuse your towels (washing towels every day wastes environmental resources) worked__________ than conveying a descriptive norm about what people actually do,“Join your fellow guests inhelping to save the environment.”a.the sameb.better

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition12c.better only with pictures of landfillsd.less wellAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.41.You want to get your roommates’friends to quit throwing their empty cans and cigarette butts onto the groundoutside your apartment. Based on what Cialdini and his colleagues (1990) found in their research, you shouldinvoke __________ norms because they are more effective than __________ norms in reducing litter.a.descriptive; injunctiveb.salient; subtlec.injunctive; descriptived.subtle; salientAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.42.Descriptive norms work the best to reduce litter when __________.a.everyone cooperatesb.everyone is able to pick up after themselvesc.everyone has strong pro-environment attitudesd.everyone is motivated to pick up after themselvesAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.43.Under which of the following circumstances would descriptive norms work the best to reduce littering?a.A sign points to the nearest trash can.b.Most people in the area are picking up their trash.c.Everyone is cooperating to clean up after a party.d.A billboard with a celebrity on it reminds people not to litter.Answer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.44.Research by Van Vugt and Samuelson (1999), in which water meters were installed in houses in onecommunity, suggests that one way to resolve social dilemmas is to __________.a.decrease the availability of the resourceb.increase the cost of the resourcec.make it easier for people to monitor their own resource used.make it easier for the city to monitor people’s resource useAnswer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition13Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.45.A social dilemma is defined as a conflict in which the __________.a.easiest action helps save resources.b.most difficult actions are for the collective goodc.competitive nature of humans results in lower resource use.d.easiest action for an individual will have harmful effects if chosen by mostAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.46.Based on what the text reports, one way to reduce drivers’use of gasoline by monitoring may be to__________.a.display the current gas mileage on the dash of the vehicleb.tell the driver how many miles per gallon the vehicle getsc.ask drivers to keep track of how often they fuel upd.allow the government to track how many miles each vehicle on the road drives in a weekAnswer: ALearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.47.Beth is the new director of the Municipal Water Conservation Board. Because the board has not been verysuccessful in its appeals to encourage residents to stop wasting water, Beth has decided to change how theirmessage is presented, by changing the public service ads sponsored by the Municipal Water ConservationBoard. Which of the following television appeals would be most likely to encourage the public to use lesswater?a.“If nobody conserves water, the city will have to impose mandatory restrictions.”b.“If you leave the water running when you brush your teeth, in one week, you will have wasted enoughwater to fill your bathroom.”c.“I know that water conservation devices are expensive, but it is for the good of the community that youinstall them.”d.“If you do not find a way to reduce your water usage, we will have to take punitive action.”Answer: BLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.48.Gonzales, Aronson, and Costanzo (1988) trained home energy auditors to describe uninsulated attics as“naked,”and to point out that small cracks lose as much heat as a hole the size of a football in the living roomwall. Compared to homeowners exposed to the typical appeal, those exposed to the new appeals were morelikely to follow the auditors’recommendations because the new appeals __________.a.made the problem of energy loss more vivid and noticeable to homeownersb.showed homeowners how to change their energy use habitsc.addressed the self-interest of the homeownersd.elicited a public commitment from homeowners to conserve energyAnswer: A

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Aronson, Wilson, Sommers:Social Psychology, 10thedition14Learning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.49.Graham, Koo, and Wilson (2011) asked students to track the number of miles they avoided driving on a Website. Those who were keeping track drove __________.a.more than those in a control groupb.less only if they were also told how much money they had saved on gasc.less only if they were told about the savings in air pollutiond.less, especially when given feedback about financial savings and reduction in air pollutionAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.50.Imagine you’re a property manager and you’d like to get your tenants to cut down on the amount of trash theygenerate. Based on research by Graham, Koo, and Wilson (2011), what would be the best way to accomplishthis?a.Tell the tenants how much money they are saving in waste disposal fees when they generate less waste.b.Tell the tenants how much better it is for the environment to generate less waste.c.Tell the tenants how much better it is for the environment and how much money it saves them when theygenerate less waste.d.Tell them that there will be a new fee if they don’t cut their waste by 15%.Answer: CLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You KnowAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.51.Researchers introduced an intervention to reduce energy consumption in a factory in the Netherlands. Which ofthe following aspects of their intervention had the greatest (positive) impact on energy use?a.placing announcements in company magazinesb.providing weekly feedback on a unit’s consumptionc.offering cash incentives for energy-saving measuresd.providing comparative feedback on other units’consumptionAnswer: DLearning Objective: SPA 1.2 Describe how social psychology can help people live in a sustainable manner.Topic: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable FutureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsAPA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.52.Recall that when researchers provided workers in a unit of a factory in the Netherlands with feedback on energyconsumption in other units, energy-saving behaviors drastically increased. These results point to __________ asa useful process in encouraging energy-saving behaviors.a.cognitive dissonanceb.self-perceptionc.social comparisond.a commons dilemmaAnswer: C

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