Test Bank for Using Educational Psychology in Teaching, 11th Edition

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Test BankForUsing Educational Psychology in TeachingEleventhEditionPaul Eggen,University of North FloridaDon Kauchak,University of UtahPrepared byPaul Eggen,Universityof North Florida

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iiiTABLE OFCONTENTSIntroduction: To Instructors.........................................................................................................4Chapter1:Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching..............................5Chapter2:Cognitive and Language Development....................................................................20Chapter3:Personal, Social, and Moral Development...............................................................52Chapter4:Learner Diversity......................................................................................................83Chapter5:Learners with Exceptionalities...............................................................................102Chapter6: Behaviorism and Social Cognitive Theory............................................................133Chapter7:Cognitive Views of Learning.................................................................................160Chapter8:Complex Cognitive Processes...............................................................................198Chapter9:Knowledge Construction and the Learning Sciences.............................................230Chapter 10:Motivation and Learning.......................................................................................251Chapter 11:A Classroom Model for Promoting Student Motivation........................................285Chapter 12:Classroom Management: Developing Self-Regulated Learners.............................306Chapter 13:Learningand Effective Teaching...........................................................................336Chapter 14:Increasing Learning Through Assessment.............................................................363Chapter 15: Standardized Testing and Learning........................................................................391Chapter1Answers...................................................................................................................411Chapter2Answers...................................................................................................................416Chapter3Answers...................................................................................................................426Chapter4Answers...................................................................................................................435Chapter5Answers...................................................................................................................441Chapter6Answers..................................................................................................................450Chapter7Answers...................................................................................................................459Chapter8Answers...................................................................................................................470Chapter9Answers...................................................................................................................479Chapter 10Answers...................................................................................................................486Chapter 11Answers...................................................................................................................497Chapter 12Answers...................................................................................................................504Chapter 13Answers...................................................................................................................514Chapter 14Answers...................................................................................................................523Chapter 15Answers...................................................................................................................532

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Introduction: To InstructorsivINRODUCTION: TO INSTRUCTORSThis test bank accompanies theeleventhedition ofUsing Educational Psychologyin Teaching.The test bank is composed of multiple-choice and essay items, andproviding you with a tool thatyou can use to increase your students’ learning is our primary goal.All the items are organized under the major headings of each chapter.The items arewritten at two levels of difficulty. Items that require knowledge and recall offactual information arelisted underthe heading“Knowledge-Level Items,” and higher-levelitems are placed underthe heading “Higher-Level Items”for each major section of each chapter.All multiple-choice items have one best answer, and feedback for the correct answer is includedfor all the higher-level items.We realize that responding to higher-level items will require interpretation by your students. Wehave made everyeffort to make the items clear and unambiguous, and our goal in including thefeedback is to provideexplanationsfor the best answers in each case. You may also choose toshare the information with your students as you discuss items on your quizzes and testsandprovide feedback.An explanation forsuggestedanswers to all essay items isalsoincluded with the answers to theitems in each chapter.If you have any questions or comments, please don’t hesitate to contact us. The quickest way toreach usis at the following email addresses:peggen@comcast.net, anddon.kauchak@gmail.com.We wish you the very best in your teaching.PaulDon

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching5CHAPTER ONEEDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY:UNDERSTANDING LEARNING AND TEACHINGExpert Teaching and Student LearningKnowledge-Level Items1.Of the following factors, which contributes most to students’ learning and development?a.The curriculum that students followb.The size of the classes students are inc.The students’ school facilities and extracurricular activitiesd.The students’ teachers2.A person who is highly knowledgeable or skilled in a particular domain, such as physics,anesthesiology, or teaching is best describes as a(n):a.professional.b.expert.c.scholar.d.technician.3.People’s professional knowledge and skills, social abilities, and personality attributes thatcontribute to a nation’s cultural and economic advancement, best describes:a.effective teaching.b.expert teaching.c.human capital.d.human learning.4.Which of the following best describes expert teaching?a.Some people are natural teachers, and others are not. It is very difficult to acquirethe skills needed to be an expert teacher without a great deal of natural ability.b.Some teachers possess more natural ability than others, but expertise can beacquired through study and practice.c.Expertise in teaching is acquired largely through experience in classrooms.d.Expert teaching in elementary schools is acquired through study and practice, butexpert teaching in middle and secondary schools largelydepends on teachers’knowledge of content.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching6Higher-LevelItems5.An elementary school decides to experiment with two different curriculum approaches tolanguage arts. The first focuses on a whole language approach, and the second focuses onword-attack skills, such as phonics.If the schools’ results are consistent with patterns identified by research, which of thefollowing is the most likely outcome?a.The whole-language approach will result in more student learning than will theapproach emphasizing phonics in all the elementary grades.b.The approach emphasizing phonics will result in more student learning than will theapproach emphasizing whole language in all the elementary grades.c.The approach emphasizing phonics will result in more student learning in the lowerelementary grades, but the approach emphasizing whole language will result inmore learning in the upper elementary grades.d.The effectiveness of either approach depends on the knowledge and skills of theteacher implementing the program; one is not necessarily better than the other.6.Research has identified a number of positive outcomes for students taught by expertteacherscompared to students taught by teachers with less expertise. Which of thefollowing isnotone of those best describes the outcome for students taught by expertteachers compared to students taught by teachers with less expertise?a.Students taught by expert teachers are less likely to have children out of wedlockthan are students taught by teachers with less expertise.b.Students taught by expert teachers are likely to earn higher salaries that are studentstaught by teachers with less expertise.c.Students taught by expert teachers are more likely to come to school socially maturethan are students taught by teachers with less expertise.d.Students taught by expert teachers are more likely to attend college than arestudents taught by teacherswith less expertise.7.Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the difference betweenexpert teachers and their colleagues with less expertise?a.Expert teachers possess more professional knowledge and skills that do theircolleagues with less expertise.b.Expert teachers have more experience than their colleagues with less expertise.c.Expert teachers care about their students more than their colleagues with lessexpertise.d.Expert teachers have degrees in specific fields, such as math or English,whereas less expert teachers do not have comparable degrees.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching7Essay Items8.Describe thedifference between expert teachers and teachers with less expertise9.A number of differences exist between a “good” school and a school that is less good.However, one differenceisbe more important than any other. What is this difference?Educational Psychology, Expert Teaching, and Professional KnowledgeKnowledge-Level Items10.The body of information and skills that is unique to an area of study, such as law, medicine,or teaching is best described as:a.professional knowledge.b.expert knowledge.c.background knowledge.d.formal knowledge.11.Of the following, which description is most characteristic of beginning teachers?a.They are realistic, sometimes even pessimistic, about the extent to which they’ll beable to help young people from disadvantaged backgrounds.b.Theybelieve that they will be more effective than teachers now in the field.c.They are unsure of their commitment to teaching.d.They go into teaching for material rewards.12.Research indicates that effective teaching requires four kinds of professional knowledge.They include:a.knowledge of content, general pedagogical knowledge, knowledge of learners andlearning, and knowledge of human relations.b.knowledge of content, pedagogical content knowledge, general pedagogicalknowledge, andknowledge of learners and learning.c.pedagogical content knowledge, general pedagogical knowledge, knowledge oflearners and learning, and knowledge of human relations.d.knowledge of teaching skills, knowledge of learning styles, knowledge of studentlearning, and knowledge of content.13.Teacher abilities such as questioning and the ability to organize a classroom so it functionssmoothly would best be described as:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.general pedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.14.The ability to find or create examples of topics so that the topics are meaningful to learnersis best described as:aknowledge of content.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching8b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.general pedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.15.“You can’t teach what you don’t know” is a commonly stated maxim in teaching. Of thefollowing, it most nearly describes:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.general pedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.16.Reflective practice is defined as:a.the spontaneous problem-solving effective teachers employ.b.the confidence to communicate with parents, otherteachers, and administrators.c.the process of conducting a critical self-examination of one’s practice and thinking.d.the accumulation of day to day interactions that engaged teachers use when workingwith struggling learners.Higher-LevelItems17.Look at the following statement:Research recognizes that students do not passively receive information from teachers(like tape recorders), but instead construct their own knowledge of the topics they studyas they attempt to make sense of the information.You understand this statementand prepare and deliver your instruction with this idea inmind. Your understandingmost closely relates to:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.general pedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.18.Hector is a middle school earth science teacher. He knows his students have difficultyunderstanding the geology of differentland forms in our country. Knowing this, he hasgone to the Internet and found a number of colored pictures of young mountains, maturemountains, young rivers, old rivers, and the same for plateaus.Recognizing that hisstudents have difficulty with this concept and finding a way to better assist their learning,best illustratesHector’s:a.domain-specific prior knowledge.b.general pedagogical knowledge.c.general prior knowledge.d.pedagogical content knowledge.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching919.Gretchen wants to strengthen herAmerican literature instruction during the next schoolyear, so she enrolls ina master’s-level coursethat focuses on American classics, such asThe Scarlet LetterandTo Kill a Mockingbird.By enrolling in this course Gretchen isillustratingher desire to increase her:a.knowledge of content.b.general pedagogical knowledge.c.general prior knowledge.d.pedagogical content knowledge.20.After studying educational psychology, Jeff Curry understands that the thinking of his highschool students is concrete, e.g., they are able to understand abstract concepts likedensity,nationalism,orsymbolism,forexamples, only after seeing concrete illustrations of them.Without these illustrations, they attempt to memorize formulas or definitions that have littlemeaning for them.Of the following, the teacher’s understanding would best be described as:a.knowledge of learners and learning.b.knowledge of content.c.pedagogical content knowledge.d.general pedagogical knowledge.Use the following information for items 21 and 22.April Jackson’s students have difficulty understanding theconceptpressure,tending to equate itwithforce.To try to help her students understand the difference, she stands with both feet on thefloor and then stands with one foot on the floor. She then helps the students understand that theamount of force she exerts on the floor is the same on either one foot or both feet, but she exertstwice as much pressure on one foot, because the force is on a smaller area.21.Her ability to represent the conceptpressurein this way best illustrates her:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.general pedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.22.The way April represented her content—standing on one foot and then standing on two feetto show the students the difference betweenforceandpressureis best described as a(n):a.simulation.b.model.c.case study.d.example.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching10Use the following information for Items 23–26.Kathy Krudwig, an educational psychology instructor, wants her students tounderstand theimportance of teacher questioning as a means of involving students. She read a research study inwhich one group of teachers was trained to call on all their students as equally as possible,another group of comparable teachers received no training, and the results indicated that thetrained teachers’ students achieved significantly higher than the other teachers’ students.She knows, however, that simply telling her students to ask many questions will be lesseffective than showing them something concrete, so she writes the following vignette anddisplays it on the document camera in her classroom.Mrs. Myers was having a difficult time getting her students to respond. She tried varioushigh-interest activities, but they remained apathetic.Finally, she tried a direct approach. She told them that she was going to call on each ofthem whether or not they had their hand up. She reminded them that she was there tohelp them if they had trouble answering.At first the process was very difficult, and she was exhausted at the end of the day,but within a week, the attention level and involvement of her students had increasedsignificantly.Kathy also “practices what she preaches” by calling on all of her students as equally aspossible.23.Of the following, the form of content representation best illustrated by the vignette Kathydisplayed is best described as:a.an example.b.a case study.c.a simulation.d.a model.24.We see that Kathyunderstood that “simply telling her students to ask many questions willbe less effective than showing them something concrete.” Kathy’s understanding in thisinstance is best described as:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.knowledge of correlational research.d.knowledge of learners and learning.25.Kathy’s ability to create her vignette to help her students reach her goal is best describedas:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.generalpedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching1126.Kathy’s practicing what she preached by calling on her own students best indicates her:a.knowledge of content.b.pedagogical content knowledge.c.general pedagogical knowledge.d.knowledge of learners and learning.27.Jack Ryan, a math teacher, uses lecture as his primary instructional strategy, and if hisstudents are confused, he tries to explain the content even more clearly. Lucas Walsh, alsoa math teacher, uses a great deal of questioning with his students, varies his activities, andworks hard to represent the content he teaches in ways that students can understand.Of the following, which is the most likely explanation for the differences between Jack’sand Lucas’s approaches to teaching?a.Lucas has more experience than does Jack.b.Lucas understands math better than does Jack.c.Lucas has more native ability than does Jack.d.Lucas possesses more professional knowledge than does Jack.28.“I’m going to have the children practice on long-vowel sounds and blends during skillsblock tomorrow,” Ava Goodwin, a kindergarten teacher, says to herself as she plans for thenext week. “I don’t think I’ve spent enough time on basic skills the past few weeks.” Avathen spends more time on basic skills the next week.Ava’s concluding that she hasn’t been spending enough time on basic skills bestillustrates which of the following characteristics of expert teaching?a.Decision making in ill-defined contextsb.Reflective practicec.Pedagogical content knowledged.A body of specialized knowledge29.RaphaelSanchez represents the conceptcrustaceanbyshowing his students a lobster, acrab, and shrimp and having them identify the characteristics they have in common.Which of the following isRaphaelbest applying by representingcrustaceansin thisway?a.Strategy 2: Linking abstract concepts to concrete representationsfrom the NationalCouncil on Teacher Quality’s Six Strategies that Every New Teacher Needs toKnowb.General pedagogical knowledge as a form of professional knowledge that allteachers should possessc.Principle 2:What students already know affects their learning,fromtheTop 20Principles from Psychology for PreK-12 Teaching and Learningd.Principle 6:Clear, explanatory, and timely feedback to students is important forlearning,fromtheTop 20 Principles from Psychology for PreK-12Teaching andLearning

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching1230.Which of the following best illustratesPrinciple 5:Acquiring long-term knowledge andskill is largely dependent on practicefromtheTop 20 Principles from Psychology forPreK-12 Teaching and Learning?a.Grace Simek gives her 6thgraders several examples of different types of figurativelanguage, such as simile, metaphor, and personification.b.Luna Rodriguez tries to ask questions, such as “Why?” and “How do you Know?”as often as possible in her teaching?c.Dylan Jacobs is working with his 1stgraders on adding and subtracting wholenumbers. After his lesson he has the students work on a seatwork assignment forseveral minutes and monitors their efforts.d.Jack Toner always provides detailed explanations forfrequently missed items onboth his homework assignments and on his weekly quizzes.31.Mike Melvin, a 5thgrade teacher, is working with his students on adding and subtractingfractions with unlike denominators. However, on his homework assignments he alsoincludes some problems that involve adding and subtracting fractions with likedenominators.Then, when he moves to multiplying and dividing fractions, he also includes a problem ortwo where students must add and subtract fractions, with both like and unlikedenominators.Which of the following six essential teaching strategies that all new teachers need toknow, from the National Council on Teacher Quality is Mike most nearly applying with hishomework practice?a.Strategy 5: Distributing practiceb.Strategy 2: Linking abstract concepts to concrete representationsc.Strategy 4: Alternating problems with solutions provided and problems studentsmust solved.Strategy 6: Assessing learningEssay Items32.Describe and provide an example of each of the kinds of knowledge professional teacherspossess.Items 33and 34are related.33.Paul Hernandez stands at the front of his classroom and smiles broadly as his seventhgraders stroll in for their first meeting. This is the day he's been waiting for, and he feelsready. He isconfident that his double major in history and geography will make him astellar teacher. He feels especially lucky in that he's obtained an emergency certificate andhasn't been forced to waste time in teacher education classes.Which type of professional knowledge is Paul most likely to have? Explain.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching1334.Paul explains that geography influences a great many things about our lives, such as thelocation of major cities, the economies of different areas, and the lifestyles people adopt.This material is very interesting to him, and he’s a bit surprised that his students don’t seemto share the same interest.Paul’s approach to instruction suggests that he lacks two forms of professionalknowledge. What are they?The Role of Research in Acquiring Professional KnowledgeKnowledge-Level Items35.Which of the following is the best definition ofresearch?a.The process of making decisions about the best way to represent the content that isbeing taughtb.Theprocess of systematically gathering information in an attempt to answerprofessional questionsc.The process of requiring students to demonstrate that they have met specifiedstandards, and holding teachers responsible for students’ performanced.The process of making changes in educational policy to more nearly meet the needsof students at all levels36.Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of research inteaching?a.It is the mechanism expert teachers use to improve their practice.b.Itis the process teachers use to help students understand abstract concepts.c.Itis the mechanism expert teachers use to confirm commonsense understandingabout teaching.d.Itis the process teacher use to understand theoretical problems that don't have directapplication in classrooms.37.Researchers will ofteninvestigate educational events, such as the impact of a certainteaching strategy on the achievement of students,using numerical data and statisticaltechniques.This process is best described as:a.qualitativeresearch.b.quantitativeresearch.c.descriptive research.d.longitudinal research.38.The use of surveys, interviews, or observations to identify people’s opinions and attitudesis best described as:a.quantitativeresearch.b.correlational research.c.experimental research.d.qualitativeresearch.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching1439.Research thatcombines quantitative and qualitativeapproaches to trying to answer aneducational questionis best described as:a.descriptive research.b.correlational research.c.mixed-methodsresearch.d.longitudinal research.40.Of the following, the best description of the type of research that is most commonlyconducted by teachers in their classrooms is:a.descriptive research.b.correlational research.c.action research.d.experimental research.41.When conducting action research, after identifying and diagnosing a problem that isimportant to you, the next step is to:a.use the results of the study to generate additional research.b.implement the findings to solve or improve a local problem.c.generalize the findings to other action research settings.d.systematically plan and conduct a research study.42.Research in education has received a considerable amount of criticism over the years, withits lack of impact on classroom practice being one of the most important.Which of the following types of research has become prominent in response to thesecriticisms?a.Design-based researchb.Qualitativeresearchc.Action researchd.Quantitativeresearch43.Of the following, what is the best description of a theory?a.A series of related patterns that can be used as a basis for explanation andprediction.b.A large body of information that has limited value in the real world.c.An abstract description of events taking place primarily in the sciences.d.A seriesof descriptions and conjectures that don't have any basis in fact.44.Sets of related principles that are based on observations and are used to explain additionalobservations best define:a.pedagogical content knowledge.b.random assignment.c.research.d.theories.

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching1545.Of the following, the best description of the use of theories is to:a.rehearse and reflect.b.describe and correlate.c.explain and predict.d.inquire and experiment.Higher-Level Items46.A research study indicating that teachers who use concrete examples to illustrate theirtopics have students whoscore higher on their achievement teststhan teachers whorepresent the ideas abstractly best illustrates what kind of research?a.Qualitativeresearchb.Quantitativeresearchc.Descriptiveresearchd.Longitudinal research47.Amanda Jones is an educational researcher whouses a series of case studies toinvestigatefactorsrelated to the success ofmembers of cultural minorities in colleges and universities.The type of research that Amanda does can best be described as:a.quantitativeresearch.b.action research.c.mixed-methodsresearch.d.qualitativeresearch.48.Luisa Hernandez is an educational researcher. She surveys everyone in the district to obtaintheir opinions about after-school enrichment programs. What type of research is bestillustrated by Luisa’s efforts?a.Quantitativeresearchb.Qualitativeresearchc.Mixed-methodsresearchd.Design-basedresearch49.A research team from a nearby university collaborates withFelice Hernandez, a5thgradeteacher, to examine the impact of concept maps, on students’ reading comprehension. Aseries of studies are conductedwith Felice’s, and each study’s design depends in part onthe results of the previous study.Of the following, which type of research is best illustrated by this description?a.Quantitativeresearchb.Qualitative researchc.Action researchd.Design-based research

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Chapter 1: Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning and Teaching1650.Nikki Yudin,a middle school teacher, has recently read articles suggesting that homeworkdoesn’t increase student learning. So, she decides to investigate the question.In two of her classes she gives homework as always, and in two other classes she assignsno homework. She follows this practice for one 9-week grading period, and finds that theclasses who did homework scored higher than her other two classes on her 9-weeks test.Which of the following types of research is best illustrated byNikki’sstudy?a.Action researchb.Qualitative researchc.Mixed-methods researchd.Design-based research51.Researchers observe a sample of teachers and find that those who ask large numbers ofquestions have students who are more attentive than those who spend more time lecturingand explaining.They also interview a selected sample of students to determine students’emotional reactions to being asked large numbers of questions.Of the following which type of research is best illustrated by the researchers’ practices?a.Quantitative researchb.Qualitative researchc.Mixed-methods researchd.Action research52.You understand the statements “People tend to display the same behaviors that they seeother people display,”and“People are more likely to imitatethe behaviors of famouspeople than people who are less famous.”You realize that the statements are relatedand you then realize why movie stars andathletes are used to help companies sell their products.Of the following, what best describes thetworelated statements?a.Combined, they illustrate components of a theory.b.Combined, they illustrate experimental research.c.Combined, they illustrate critical decision making.d.Combined, they illustrate pedagogical content knowledge.53.You have studied a theory that focuses on the way people learn, and you understand thetheory thoroughly. Ofthe following, which statement best describes how you will use thisunderstanding in the real world?a.It provides you with information about the way people learn that you know to betrue for all cases.b.It allows you to predict what kind of practicewill likely result in the most learning.c.It provides you with a set of teaching rules, which if properly applied will almostalways work.d.It provides you with knowledge and understanding, even though it has limitedapplication for classroom practice.

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