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The World of Psychology, Eighth Canadian Edition Test Bank

The World of Psychology, Eighth Canadian Edition Test Bank enhances your understanding of exam topics with a detailed breakdown of key principles and solved examples.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Chapter 1 – Introduction to Psychology 1) According to the text, psychology is the scientific study of a. human and animal behaviour. b. thought, perception , and emotion. c. conscious and unconscious processes. d. behaviour and mental processes. Answer: d Correct: Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. The other responses are too narrow in scope. Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 4 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.1 Define psychology. 2) An understanding of any behaviour or mental process usually begins with a. influence. b. explanation. c. prediction. d. description. Answer: d Correct: Psychological research typically begins by establishing common descriptors of specific behaviours or mental processes. The remaining three goals usually follow description. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 3) When researchers can specify the conditions under which a behaviour or event is likely to occur, they have accomplished the goal of a. explanation.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition b. influence. c. description. d. prediction. Answer: d Correct: Once research has established the description and explanation (that is, identified causes) of a behaviour, it is then possible to determine patterns of predictability. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 4) Understanding the conditions under which a given behaviour occurs enables researchers to state the causes of the behaviour. This is a requirement of the goal of a. influence. b. description. c. prediction. d. explanation. Answer: d Correct: Identifying causes of behaviour is part of the process of explanation. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 5) When researchers have learned how to apply a principle or change a condition in order to prevent unwanted occurrences, they have met the fundamental goal of a. description. b. influence. c. prediction. d. explanation.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Answer: b Correct: Changing and preventing behaviours form part of the process of influence or control. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 6) Which of the following best reflects psychology ’ s goal of influence? a. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. b. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. c. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer ’ s disease. d. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. Answer: b Correct: Preventing behaviours is part of the process of influence or control. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 7) Which of the following best reflects psychology ’ s goal of explanation? a. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer ’ s disease. b. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. c. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. d. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. Answer: c Correct: Identifying a gene addresses the root cause, or explanation, for a behaviour or condition.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 8) Which of the following best reflects psychology ’ s goal of prediction? a. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer ’ s disease. b. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. c. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. d. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. Answer: a Correct: The development of a test, through research, leads to the prediction of the likelihood of the occurrence of a condition or, in this instance, a disease. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 9) Which of the following best reflects psychology ’ s goal of description? a. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. b. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer ’ s disease. c. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. d. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. Answer: c Correct: In this case, data has been gathered to provide information or a description of a condition that was previously less understood. Diff: 2

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 10) The goals of psychology as a science are to a. understand human and animal behaviour fully. b. study and control human behaviour. c. compare , analyze , and control behaviour and mental processes. d. describe, explain, predict , and influence behaviour and mental processes. Answer: d Correct: The four goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and influence behaviour. The other responses are too narrow in scope. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 11) According to the text, which of the following is not a major goal of psychology? a. describing and explaining behaviour b. predicting behaviour c. influencing behaviour d. comparing human and animal behaviour Answer: d Correct: Comparing behaviours is one small part of description and therefore does not constitute one of the major goals of psychology. Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 12) According to the text, which of the following is not a major goal of psychology?

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition a. r econstruction b. influence c. prediction d. description Answer: a Correct: The four goals of psychology are description, explanation, prediction and influence. Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals. 13) When a researcher utilizes a general principle or set of principles to explain how a number of separate facts are related to one another, the researcher is using a. a theory. b. basic research. c. a hypothesis. d. applied research. Answer: a Correct: A theory is a general principle or set of principles that links facts together. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.3 Explain what a theory is. 14) A theory enables researchers to a. find the right interpretation for the data they collect. b. describe several alternatives for what they observe. c. explain what they were not able to find proof of. d. fit many separate facts into a larger framework. Answer: d

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Correct: The concept of a “larger framework” is similar to a guiding principle or set of principles — or, in other words, a theory. Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.3 Explain what a theory is. 15) According to the text, which of the following is not a goal of basic research? a. Solving specific problems b. Advancing our general scientific understanding c. Pursuing knowledge for its own sake d. Seeking new knowledge Answer: a Correct: Solving problems is part of the process of controlling or influencing behaviour, which falls under the larger umbrella of applied research. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research. 16) According to the text, which of the following is not a goal of applied research? a. solving specific problems b. applying new knowledge to problems in the real world c. advancing our general scientific understanding d. improving the quality of life Answer: c Correct: This is an example of explanation, which is part of basic research. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition 17) According to the text, research that is conducted in order to find solutions to specific problems is called a. controlled research . b. basic research . c. pure research . d. applied research . Answer: d Correct: Applied research is that which seeks to improve the quality of life, or provide answers to real - world problems. Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research. 18) Dr. Sherkus conducts a study concerning the emotional reaction of people when they first receive the news that they have diabetes. The purpose of the research is to help people adjust quickly and positively to their situation. This type of research would be a. basic. b. standard. c. theoretical. d. applied. Answer: d Correct: Helping people adjust emotionally is a partial solution to a real - world problem, which is part of applied research. Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research. 19) When a study is conducted for the purpose of solving practical problems, the research would be described as a. a theory.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition b. applied research. c. basic research. d. a hypothesis. Answer: b Correct: The goal of applied research is to improve quality of life or provide answers to real - world problems. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research. 20) When a study is conducted for the purpose of finding new knowledge or advancing scientific understanding, the research would be described as a. a hypothesis. b. a theory. c. basic research. d. applied research. Answer: c Correct: Basic research seeks to advance our understanding of behaviour and/or mental processes. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research. 21) ________ is to general scientific understanding as ________ is to practical problems. a. Applied research; basic research b. Basic research; applied research c. Hypothesis; theory d. Theory; hypothesis Answer: b

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Correct: Basic research attempts to add to our understanding of behavioural and mental processes, while applied research attempts to help solve problems. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 5 - 6 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research. 22) Descriptive research methods a. yield descriptions of behaviour. b. do not occur in the laboratory. c. include the experimental method and correlational methods. d. identify causes of behaviour. Answer: a Correct: Descriptive research methods seek to add to our understanding of the “what” of behaviour or mental processes. Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.5 Identify and compare the several types of descriptive research methods. 23) Naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, the case study method, and survey research share which of the following features? a. They are only used in basic research situations. b. None are successful in helping us understand behaviour. c. They all find the causal reasons for why behaviours occur. d. They describe rather than identify causes of behaviour. Answer: d Correct: All of the listed processes are part of descriptive research methods; they describe, rather than explain behaviour. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 - 7

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 24) Which of the following statements is not true of naturalistic observation? a. Researchers using this method attempt to influence the behaviour being observed. b. This method allows the study of some phenomena that cannot be studied experimentally for ethical reasons. c. Subjects may or may not know that they are being observed. d. Behaviour studied in this way is usually more natural than behaviour studied under laboratory conditions. Answer: a Correct: Naturalistic observation seeks only to describe, not to control or influence behaviours. Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 25) Which of the following is not an advantage of the case study method? a. It can allow researchers to reach conclusions about cause - and - effect relationships. b. It provides a good source of descriptive information. c. It can provide the basis for a hypothesis to be tested later. d. It is useful in studying the behaviour patterns of animals in the wild. Answer: a Correct: The case study method only describes; cause and effect are determined by the experimental method. The case study method is not typically part of the experimental method. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 7 Topic: Conceptual

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 26) Which of the following is not one of the limitation s of naturalistic observation ? a. The method is not useful in situations where more than a few subjects have to be observed. b. The presence of the researcher may influence the behaviour of the subjects. c. The subjects may not behave as they would naturally . d. The expectations of the researcher may distort his or her observations. Answer: a Correct: Multiple subjects may be observed in naturalistic observation, as in a classroom, for example. Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Conceptual Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 27) In order to examine the parenting behaviour of pandas, two psychologists spent three years observing the panda in the mountainous regions of Western China. The method used by these investigators was most likely a. the survey method. b. the case study method. c. the experimental method. d. naturalistic observation. Answer: d Correct: Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in their natural environment, and collecting data on naturally occurring patterns, such as parenting behaviours. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition 28) Sandy is interested in determining how long bear cubs stay with their mother. She spends several years studying their behaviour in Yellowstone Park, noting dates of birth and time of leaving mother for several bear families. This is an example of a. the case study method. b. the experimental method. c. the survey method. d. naturalistic observation. Answer: d Correct: Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in their natural environment, and collecting data on naturally occurring behaviours. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 29) Margot is interested in determining if people who play video games also socialize while playing their games. She goes to a local arcade and carefully observes the behaviour of persons in the area. Margot is collecting information with the a. laboratory observation method. b. case study method. c. naturalistic observation method. d. survey method. Answer: c Correct: Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in their typicalenvironments, and recording naturally occurring behaviours . Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition 30) Unobtrusively observing people who are eating at a fast food restaurant in order to determine how frequently they take bites of their food is an example of a. naturalistic observation. b. the case study method. c. the survey method. d. the experimental method. Answer: a Correct: Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in their typicalenvironments, and collecting data on naturally occurring behaviours. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Applied Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 31) Much of our knowledge about sleep has been gained through a. naturalistic observation. b. laboratory observation. c. case studies. d. surveys. Answer: b Correct: Sleep is a behaviour best observed in a laboratory setting so that precise measures and data can be collected. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, including their advantages and limitations. 32) In - depth information about a single individual is the type of information gathered when psychologists use a. laboratory observation. b. the case study method.

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    Test Bank to accompany The World of Psychology , Eigh th Canadian Edition c. the survey method. d. naturalistic observation. Answer: b Correct: Case studies examine a single subject in detail over a period of time. Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 7 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast case studies and survey research, including their advantages and shortcomings. 33) The purpose of a case study is to a. provide a detailed description of some behaviour or disorder. b. assess the strength of the relationship between variables. c. provide accurate information about large numbers of people. d. identify cause - and - effect relationships. Answer: a Correct: A c ase study examines a single subject or very few subjects over a period of time to gain detailed information about a particular condition or behaviour. Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 7 Topic: Factual Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast case studies and survey research, including their advantages and shortcomings. 34) The case study is not useful for a. supplying detailed descriptions of behaviour which can provide the foundation for psychological theories. b. learning about rare physical and psychological disorders. c. studying large numbers of people. d. learning the consequences of rare brain injuries. Answer: c

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