The World of Psychology, Eighth Canadian Edition Test Bank

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionChapter 1–Introduction to Psychology1) According to the text, psychology is the scientific study ofa. human and animal behaviour.b. thought, perception,and emotion.c. conscious and unconscious processes.d. behaviour and mentalprocesses.Answer: dCorrect:Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. The otherresponses are too narrow in scope.Diff: 1Type: MCPage Reference: 4Topic: FactualObjective: 1.1 Define psychology.2) An understanding of any behaviour or mental process usually begins witha. influence.b. explanation.c. prediction.d. description.Answer: dCorrect:Psychological research typically begins by establishing common descriptors ofspecific behaviours or mental processes. The remaining three goals usually followdescription.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: FactualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.3) When researchers can specify the conditions under which a behaviour or event islikelyto occur, they have accomplished the goal ofa. explanation.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Editionb. influence.c. description.d. prediction.Answer: dCorrect:Once research has established the description and explanation (that is,identified causes) of a behaviour, it is then possible to determine patterns ofpredictability.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.4) Understanding the conditions under which a given behaviour occurs enablesresearchers to state the causes of the behaviour. This is a requirement of the goal ofa. influence.b. description.c. prediction.d. explanation.Answer: dCorrect:Identifying causes of behaviour is part of the process of explanation.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.5) When researchers have learned how to apply a principle or change a condition in orderto prevent unwanted occurrences, they have met thefundamental goal ofa. description.b. influence.c. prediction.d. explanation.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionAnswer: bCorrect:Changing and preventing behaviours form part of the process of influence orcontrol.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.6) Which of the following best reflectspsychology’sgoal of influence?a. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder(multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder.b. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may developtechniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit.c. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to developAlzheimer’s disease.d. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity.Answer: bCorrect:Preventing behaviours is part of the process of influence or control.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.7) Which of the following best reflects psychology’s goal of explanation?a. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to developAlzheimer’s disease.b. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may developtechniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit.c. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity.d. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder(multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder.Answer: cCorrect:Identifying a gene addresses the root cause, or explanation, for a behaviour orcondition.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionDiff:3Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.8) Which of the following best reflects psychology’s goal of prediction?a. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to developAlzheimer’s disease.b. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder(multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder.c. Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may developtechniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit.d. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity.Answer: aCorrect:The development of a test, through research, leads to the prediction of thelikelihood of the occurrence of a condition or, in this instance, a disease.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.9) Which of the following best reflects psychology’s goal of description?a.Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may developtechniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit.b. Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to developAlzheimer’s disease.c. Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder(multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder.d. Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity.Answer: cCorrect:In this case, data has been gathered to provide information oradescription of acondition that was previously less understood.Diff: 2

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionType: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.10) The goals ofpsychology as a science are toa. understand human and animal behaviour fully.b. study and control human behaviour.c. compare,analyze,and control behaviour and mental processes.d. describe, explain, predict,and influence behaviour and mental processes.Answer: dCorrect:The four goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and influencebehaviour. The other responses are too narrow in scope.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: FactualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explainpsychology’s four primary goals.11) According to the text, which of the following isnota major goal of psychology?a. describing and explaining behaviourb. predicting behaviourc. influencing behaviourd. comparing human and animal behaviourAnswer: dCorrect:Comparing behaviours is one small part of description and therefore does notconstitute one of the major goals of psychology.Diff: 3Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: FactualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primarygoals.12) According to the text, which of the following isnota major goal of psychology?

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Editiona.reconstructionb. influencec. predictiond. descriptionAnswer: aCorrect:The four goals of psychology are description, explanation, prediction andinfluence.Diff: 3Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: FactualObjective: 1.2 Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.13) When a researcher utilizes a general principle or set of principles to explain how anumber of separate facts are related to oneanother, the researcher is usinga. a theory.b. basic research.c. a hypothesis.d. applied research.Answer: aCorrect:A theory is a general principle or set of principles that links facts together.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic:ConceptualObjective: 1.3 Explain what a theory is.14) A theory enables researchers toa. find the right interpretation for the data they collect.b. describe several alternatives for what they observe.c. explain what they were not able to find proof of.d. fit many separate facts into a larger framework.Answer: d

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionCorrect:The concept of a “larger framework” is similar to a guiding principle or set ofprinciples—or, in other words, a theory.Diff: 1Type: MCPage Reference: 5Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.3 Explain what a theory is.15) According to the text, which of the following isnota goal of basic research?a. Solving specific problemsb. Advancing our general scientific understandingc. Pursuing knowledge for its own saked. Seeking new knowledgeAnswer: aCorrect:Solving problems is part of the process of controlling or influencing behaviour,which falls under the larger umbrella of applied research.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference:5Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.4 Compare andcontrast basic and applied research.16) According to the text, which of the following isnota goal of applied research?a. solving specific problemsb. applying new knowledge to problems in the real worldc. advancing our general scientific understandingd. improving the quality of lifeAnswer: cCorrect:This is an example of explanation, which is part of basic research.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Edition17)According to the text, research that is conducted in order to find solutions to specificproblems is calleda.controlled research.b.basic research.c.pure research.d.applied research.Answer: dCorrect:Applied research is that which seeks toimprove the quality of life, or provideanswers to real-world problems.Diff: 1Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: FactualObjective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research.18) Dr. Sherkus conducts a study concerning the emotional reaction of people when theyfirst receive the newsthatthey have diabetes. The purpose of the research is to helppeople adjust quickly and positively to their situation. This type of research would bea. basic.b. standard.c. theoretical.d. applied.Answer: dCorrect:Helping people adjust emotionally is a partial solution to a real-world problem,which is part of applied research.Diff: 3Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and appliedresearch.19) When a study is conducted for the purpose of solving practical problems, the researchwould be described asa. a theory.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Editionb. applied research.c. basic research.d. a hypothesis.Answer: bCorrect:The goal of applied research is to improve quality of life or provide answers toreal-world problems.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research.20) When a study is conducted for the purpose of finding new knowledge or advancingscientific understanding, the research would be described asa. a hypothesis.b. a theory.c. basic research.d. applied research.Answer: cCorrect:Basic research seeks to advance our understanding of behaviour and/or mentalprocesses.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference:5Topic: FactualObjective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research.21) ________ is to general scientific understanding as ________ is to practical problems.a. Applied research; basic researchb. Basicresearch; applied researchc. Hypothesis; theoryd. Theory; hypothesisAnswer: b

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionCorrect:Basic research attempts to add to our understanding of behavioural and mentalprocesses, while applied research attempts to help solve problems.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 5-6Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.4 Compare and contrast basic and applied research.22) Descriptive research methodsa. yield descriptions of behaviour.b. do not occur in the laboratory.c. include the experimental method and correlational methods.d. identify causes of behaviour.Answer: aCorrect:Descriptive research methods seek to add to our understanding of the “what” ofbehaviour or mental processes.Diff:1Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: FactualObjective: 1.5 Identify andcompare the several types of descriptive research methods.23) Naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, the case study method, and surveyresearch share which of the following features?a. They are only used in basic research situations.b. None are successful in helping us understand behaviour.c. They all find the causal reasons for why behaviours occur.d. They describe rather than identify causes of behaviour.Answer: dCorrect:All of the listed processes are part of descriptive research methods; theydescribe, rather than explain behaviour.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 6-7

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionTopic: ConceptualObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.24) Which of the following statements isnottrue of naturalistic observation?a. Researchers using this method attempt to influence the behaviour being observed.b. This method allows the study of some phenomena that cannot be studiedexperimentally for ethical reasons.c. Subjects may or may not know that they are being observed.d. Behaviour studied in this way is usually more natural than behaviour studied underlaboratory conditions.Answer: aCorrect:Naturalistic observation seeks only to describe, not to control or influencebehaviours.Diff:3Type: MCPage Reference:6Topic: FactualObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.25) Which of the following isnotan advantage of the case study method?a. It can allow researchers to reach conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships.b. It provides a good source of descriptive information.c. It can provide the basis for a hypothesis to be tested later.d. It is useful in studying the behaviour patterns of animals in the wild.Answer: aCorrect:The case study method only describes; cause and effect are determined by theexperimental method. The case study method is not typically part of the experimentalmethod.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference:7Topic: Conceptual

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian EditionObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.26)Whichof the followingisnotone of thelimitationsof naturalistic observation?a. The method is not useful in situations where more than a few subjects have to beobserved.b. The presence of the researcher may influence the behaviour of the subjects.c.The subjects may not behave as they would naturally.d. The expectations of the researcher may distort his or her observations.Answer: aCorrect:Multiple subjects may be observed in naturalistic observation, as in a classroom,for example.Diff:3Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: ConceptualObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.27) In order to examine the parenting behaviour of pandas, two psychologists spent threeyears observing the panda in the mountainous regions of Western China. The methodused by these investigators was most likelya. the survey method.b. the case study method.c. the experimental method.d. naturalistic observation.Answer: dCorrect:Naturalistic observation includeswatching subjects in their naturalenvironment, and collecting data on naturally occurring patterns, such as parentingbehaviours.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Edition28) Sandy is interested in determining how long bear cubs stay with their mother. Shespends several years studying their behaviour in Yellowstone Park, noting dates of birthand time of leaving mother for several bear families. This is an example ofa. the case study method.b. the experimental method.c. the survey method.d. naturalistic observation.Answer: dCorrect:Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in their naturalenvironment,and collecting data on naturally occurring behaviours.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.29) Margot is interested indetermining if people who play video games also socializewhile playing their games. She goes to a local arcade and carefully observes thebehaviour of persons in the area. Margot is collecting information with thea. laboratory observation method.b. case study method.c. naturalistic observation method.d. survey method.Answer: cCorrect:Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in theirtypicalenvironments, and recording naturally occurring behaviours.Diff: 2Type: MCPageReference: 6Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Edition30) Unobtrusively observing people who are eating at a fast food restaurant in order todetermine how frequently they take bitesof their foodis an example ofa. naturalistic observation.b. the case study method.c. the survey method.d. the experimental method.Answer: aCorrect:Naturalistic observation includes watching subjects in theirtypicalenvironments, and collecting data on naturally occurring behaviours.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 6Topic: AppliedObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.31) Much of ourknowledge about sleep has been gained througha. naturalistic observation.b. laboratory observation.c. case studies.d. surveys.Answer: bCorrect:Sleep is a behaviour best observed in a laboratory setting so that precisemeasures and data can be collected.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference:6Topic: FactualObjective: 1.6 Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, includingtheir advantages and limitations.32) In-depth information about a single individual is the type of information gatheredwhen psychologists usea. laboratory observation.b. the case study method.

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Test Bank to accompanyThe World of Psychology,Eighth Canadian Editionc. the survey method.d. naturalistic observation.Answer: bCorrect:Case studies examine a single subject in detail over a period of time.Diff: 1Type: MCPageReference: 7Topic: FactualObjective: 1.7 Compare and contrast case studies and survey research, including theiradvantages and shortcomings.33) The purpose of a case study is toa. provide a detailed description of some behaviour or disorder.b. assess the strength of the relationship between variables.c. provide accurate information about large numbers of people.d. identify cause-and-effect relationships.Answer: aCorrect:A case study examines a single subject or very few subjects over aperiod of timeto gain detailed information about a particular condition or behaviour.Diff: 2Type: MCPage Reference: 7Topic: FactualObjective: 1.7 Compare and contrast case studies and survey research, including theiradvantages and shortcomings.34) The case study isnotuseful fora. supplying detailed descriptions of behaviour which can provide the foundation forpsychological theories.b. learning about rare physical and psychological disorders.c. studying large numbers of people.d. learning the consequences of rare brain injuries.Answer: c

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