Test Bank for Social Problems, 8th Edition

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Test BankForSocial ProblemsEighthEditionJohn J. Macionis,Kenyon College

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iiiTable of Contents1Sociology: Studying Social Problems12Economic Inequality233Racial and Ethnic Inequality464Gender Inequality685Sexuality and Inequality906Aging and Inequality1117Crime, Violence, and Criminal Justice1328Alcohol and Other Drugs1529Physical and Mental Health17310Social Media19511Economy and Politics21612Work and the Workplace23713Family Life25814Education27915Urban Life30116Populationand Global Inequality32317Technology and the Environment34418Warand Terrorism366

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e1Chapter 1: Sociology: Studying Social ProblemsIn this revision of the test bank, I have updated the questions to reflect changes inSocialProblems,8thedition.This chapter test bank providesfifty multiple-choice questions andfive essay questions. The multiple-choice questions are coded for level of difficulty (easy,moderate, or difficult). The multiple-choice questions are also coded for the level ofreasoning involved. The four levels of reasoning areRemember the Facts(recallingfactual material), Understandthe Concepts(understanding key concepts), ApplyWhatYou Know(applyingsociological knowledge to a situation), and Analyzethe Issue(identifying the interrelationship among variables).Typesof QuestionsMultipleChoiceEssayTotal QsRememberthe Facts16 (32%)016Understandthe Concepts18 (36%)018ApplyWhatYouKnow11 (22%)2 (40%)13Analyze theIssue5 (10%)3 (60%)850 (100%)5 (100%)55Multiple-Choice Questions1. Which of thefollowing terms refers to a point of view that shows us how societyaffects the experiences and choices of individuals?a.social patternsb.sociological imaginationc.comparative perspectived.social problems approachAnswer: b

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e2Consider This: Understanding that issues affect not only us butalsoother people like ushelps to put sociological problems into a broader perspective. L.O.1.1 Explain thebenefits of learning about sociology and using the sociological imagination.Learning Objective:1.1 Explain the benefits of learning about sociology and using thesociological imagination.Topic: Seeing Patterns: The Sociological ImaginationDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts2. We tend to assume people are responsible for their own troubles because our way oflife in the United States emphasizes __________.a.collective goalsb.individualismc.traditiond.relying on luckAnswer: bConsider This: Cultural patterns in the United States are diverse, but onewidely sharedvalue isthe idea that for better or worse, people are responsible for their own lives. L.O.1.1 Explain the benefits of learning about sociology and using the sociologicalimagination.Learning Objective: 1.1Explain the benefits of learningabout sociology and using thesociological imagination.Topic: Seeing Patterns: The Sociological ImaginationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyzethe Issue3. Thinking sociologically about a problem such as unemployment, we understand thatthis issue is __________.a.the result of bad choices by individualsb.inevitablec.a personal problemd.a social issue involving the operation of societyAnswer: dConsider This: The first of the eight assertions of sociology is that social problems resultfrom the ways in which society operates. L.O. 1.1 Explain the benefits of learning aboutsociology and using the sociological imagination.Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain the benefits of learning about sociology and using thesociological imagination.Topic: Seeing Patterns: The Sociological ImaginationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e34. A social problem is defined as a condition that __________.a.harms everyone in a societyb.harms only the poorest people in a societyc.harms only the mostpowerful people in a societyd.harms some or all members of a society and is usually controversialAnswer: dConsider This: Social problems undermine people’s well-being but not everyone agreesabout why or what should be done. Because any issue affectsvarious segments of ourpopulation differently, a particular social problem is rarely harmful to everyone. L.O. 1.2Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societies come to define someissues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts5. In2017, a survey askedpeople what they considered to be serious social problems. Allbut one of the following appeared on the list of serious problems. Which one was noton the list?a.the economyb.terrorismc.unifying the countryd.global warmingAnswer: dConsider This:Aftera year of Trump’s leadership and continuedgridlock in Washington,D.C.,poor leadershiptopped the list in 2017, butterrorism, health care, and immigrationalso concern many people.L.O.1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain howsocieties come to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts6.C. Wright Mills explained that by using the sociological perspective, people transform“personal troubles” into __________.a.social issuesb.psychological concernsc.economic issuesd.political concernsAnswer: a

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e4Consider This: When people see their problems as personal, all they can do is try to dealwith their troubles as one individual, preventing them from seeing the bigger picture ofhow society operates. Mills taught that a more accurate andmore effective approach is tounderstand that it is society that shapes our lives. L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “socialproblem” and explain how societies come to define some issues—and not others—associal problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts7. The social-constructionistapproach asserts that__________.a.society keeps facing the same problems year after yearb.social problems are those that are the most harmful to any populationc.problems arise as people define conditions as undesirable and in need of changed.thegovernment decides what the serious problems areAnswer: cConsider This: Social problems have a subjective foundation, reflecting people’sjudgments about their world. People at different times define different issues as socialproblems. L.O. 1.2 Definethe concept “social problem” and explain how societies cometo define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: SocialProblems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts8. An example of a pattern that is very harmful but not generally defined as a socialproblem is __________.a.terrorism, which includes events thathave resulted in thousands of deathsb.school shootings, which have resulted in several dozen deathsc.the use of automobiles, which results in some 32,000 deaths each yeard.homicide, which involves more than 16,000 deaths each yearAnswer: cConsider This: When we think of something as necessary to our way of life, it can beeasy to overlook the problems associated with it. L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “socialproblem” and explain how societies come to define some issues—and not others—associal problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The Basics

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e5Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts9. Although there is less gender inequality today than there was a century ago, peopletoday are more likely to view gender inequality as a social problem than people werelikely to do so back then. This pattern reflects the fact that __________.a.what we subjectivelyperceive always reflects what is objectively trueb.we now expect men and women to be socially unequalc.we now expect men and women to be socially equald.people simply don’t agree on what important social problems areAnswer: cConsider This: Recognizing that the subjective and objective importance of social issuesmay be quite different opens the door for a deeper understanding of social change. Whenour cultural standards change, we perceive even small instances of inequality as aproblem. L.O. 1.2Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societies cometo define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—associal problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze the Issue10. The process of convincing the public and important public officials that a particularissue should be defined as a social problem is a process that sociologistscall___________.a.subjective assessmentb.claims makingc.objective assessmentd.factual analysisAnswer: bConsider This: When people reject the status quo, the first step is to create controversy,beginning the process of change by convincing others that the existing situation is notacceptable. People explain exactly what changes are needed and why they are needed.L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societies come to definesome issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand theConcepts

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e611. Claimsand counterclaims about what should and should not be defined as a socialproblem is a good way of describing __________.a.politicsb.societal consensusc.coalescenced.philosophyAnswer: aConsider This: Success in claims making is often marked bythe passing of a law. Thisact is a clear statement that some behavior is wrong, and it also enlists the power ofgovernment to oppose it. L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain howsocieties come to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts12. An organized effort to encourage or discourage social change is called a __________.a.social movementb.sociological theoryc.social-constructionist approachd.subcultureAnswer: aConsider This: The process of claims making almost always involves the deliberateefforts of many people working together in an organized effort that tries to shape the waypeople think about an issue in order to encourage or discourage social change. L.O. 1.2Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societies come to define someissues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts13. In which stage of a social movement do the people involved come together to sharetheir concerns and make claims about the need for change?a.coalescenceb.formalizationc.declined.emergenceAnswer: dConsider This: Movements begin when a few people come together to share their concernabout the status quo and begin to make claims about the need for change. L.O. 1.2 Define

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e7the concept “social problem” and explain howsocieties come to define some issues—andnot others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts14. Because social problems result from the ways in which society operates, __________.a.these problems cannot ever be solvedb.people must solve their issues on their ownc.solving social problems requires change to society itselfd.all social problems can easily be solvedAnswer: cConsider This: A sociological perspective shows us that social problems are caused lessby personal failings than by the operation of society itself. L.O. 1.1 Explain the benefitsof learning about sociology and using the sociological imagination.Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain the benefits of learning about sociology and using thesociological imagination.Topic: Seeing Patterns: The Sociological ImaginationDifficulty Level: EasySkillLevel: Apply What You Know15. Because many social problems are related, __________.a.no social problem can be solvedb.every social problem can be solvedc.solving one social problem may create a new problemd.solving one social problem will solve all social problemsAnswer: cConsider This: Because social problems are rooted in the operation of society, manysocial problems are related to one another, so addressing one problem can affect others.L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societies come to definesome issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic:Social Problems: TheBasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e816. Which of the following has played a part in more than 6 million accidents a year inthe United States?a.school shootingsb.povertyc.cell phone use while drivingd.flu virusAnswer: cConsider This: The number of annual deaths caused by this practice continues to rise.L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societies come to definesome issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts17. Adopting a global perspective shows us which ofthe following patterns?a.Women in poor nations typically have fewer children than women in the UnitedStates.b.People in poor nations have as much schooling as people in the United States.c.The problems we face in the United States are exactly the same in other countries.d.Poverty is even more serious in much of the world than it is in the United States.Answer: dConsider This: A global perspective shows that many dimensions of life—and many oflife’s challenges—may be quitedifferent elsewhere. Many troubling issues such ashealth, illiteracy, and poverty are much worse elsewhere in the world than in a rich nationsuch as the United States. L.O. 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain howsocieties come to definesome issues—and not others—as social problems.Learning Objective: 1.2 Define the concept “social problem” and explain how societiescome to define some issues—and not others—as social problems.Topic: Social Problems: The BasicsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts18. Sociologists use which of the following concepts to refer to a statement of how andwhy specific facts are related?a.modelb.correlationc.theoryd.societal subsystemAnswer: cConsider This: Sociologists weave various facts into meaningusing a statement of howand why specific facts are related. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study ofsocial problems.

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e9Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts19. Which of the following concepts refers to a basic image of society that guides theoryand research?a.hypothesisb.theoretical approachc.correlationd.societal subsystemAnswer: bConsider This: Building a theory depends on a basic image of society that guidesresearch. Using a particular way of looking at the theory leads sociologists to ask certainquestions. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts20. Which theoretical approach seessociety as a system of many interrelated parts thatoperate together?a.structural-functional approachb.feminist approachc.social-conflict approachd.symbolic-interaction approachAnswer: aConsider This: This approach might explore how the familyis a system to ensurethe careand raising of children, how schools provide young people with the skills they need foradult life, how the economy produces and distributes material goods, how the politicalsystem sets national goals and priorities, and howreligion gives our lives purpose andmeaning. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts21. Major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, are organized to meet a basichuman need. Sociologists call these subsystems __________.a.theoretical paradigmsb.functional prerequisitesc.social institutionsd.subcultures

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e10Answer: cConsider This: Examples include family and religion from the conservative perspectiveand the economy and politics from the liberal perspective. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociologicaltheory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts22. Which early English sociologist made the statement that poverty andrelated problemswere largely caused by some people lacking ability and personal discipline?a.Herbert Spencerb.Emile Durkheimc.Max Weberd.Karl MarxAnswer: aConsider This: He used the term “social Darwinism” because he believed his ideas werebased on Darwin’s theory of evolution. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study ofsocial problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: SociologicalTheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts23. Which theory would you be using if you studied how social problems arise whenrapid change overwhelms society’s institutions?a.social-conflict theoryb.social disorganization theoryc.symbolic-interaction theoryd.social Darwinist theoryAnswer: bConsider This: The Chicago School linked problems in society to upheaval and changerather than to deficient people. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of socialproblems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know24. Which of the following concepts refers to the consequences of a social pattern that areintended and widely recognized?a.manifest functionsb.latent functionsc.dysfunctions

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e11d.eufunctionsAnswer: aConsider This: These consequences are easy to observe. Sports, for instance, can be seento improve physical fitness. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of socialproblems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts25. Which of the following concepts refers to the negative consequences of socialpatterns?a.manifest functionsb.latent functionsc.dysfunctionsd.eufunctionsAnswer: cConsider This: These consequences are a sign that something is not working in the waythat was intended. For instance, college athletes often have little time to study. L.O. 1.3Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts26. If you were studying how society is divided by gender inequality, which theoreticalapproach would you be using?a.the structural-functional approachb.the feminist approachc.the symbolic-interaction approachd.the social Darwinist approachAnswer: bConsider This: Also called the gender-conflict approach, it explains social problems interms of men’s dominance over women. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociological theoryto the studyof social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know27. Class-conflict theory is an explanation of social problems guided by the thinking of__________.a.Herbert Spencerb.the Chicago School

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e12c.Emile Durkheimd.Karl MarxAnswer: dConsider This: This German-born thinker criticized society for concentrating most of thenew wealth from industrial factories in the hands of a few. L.O. 1.3 Apply sociologicaltheory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts28. According to Marxist theory, social problems such as poverty result from__________.a.an evil human natureb.advanced technologyc.the operation of a capitalist economyd.the high rate of immigrationAnswer: cConsider This: Marx criticized this system because while modern society has theproductive capacity to end human suffering, its bounty is distributed to only a few. L.O.1.3 Apply sociological theory to the studyof social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze the Issue29. Marx predicted that, over time, capitalism would __________.a.steadily raise living standards for everyoneb.bring about its own destructionc.become less and less productived.meet all human needsAnswer: bConsider This: In the long term, Marx was certain that workers, holding little hope for thefuture, would join together, rise up, and end this oppressive system. L.O.1.3 Applysociological theory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze the Issue

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Macionis,Social Problems,8e1330. Karl Marx referred to industrial workers as __________.a.the bourgeoisieb.proletariansc.the cause of most problemsd.middle classAnswer: bConsider This: This category is also sometimes called “blue collar” or “working class.”L.O.1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts31.If you understand social problems as caused largely by racial and ethnic inequality,you are probably using which of the following theories ?a.social disorganization theoryb.class-conflicttheoryc.multicultural theoryd.feminist theoryAnswer: cConsider This: Sociologists see conflict based not only on class but also on color andculture. Societies attach importance to skin color and cultural background, which leads toranking people in a hierarchy based on race and ethnicity. L.O.1.3 Apply sociologicaltheory to the study of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociological theory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know32. People who actively seek social equality for women and men would closely identifywith which of the following?a.feminismb.multiculturalismc.social pathology theoryd.social disorganization theoryAnswer: aConsider This: This approach has gained attention in recent months along with theincreasing national focus on sexual harassment. L.O.1.3 Apply sociological theory to thestudy of social problems.Learning Objective: 1.3 Apply sociologicaltheory to the study of social problems.Topic: Analyzing Social Problems: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know

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