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Test Bank For Sociology in Our Times, 11th Edition

  • Sociology
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    True / False 1. Sociologists are in agreement that sociological research can and should be value free. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Some sociologists do not believe it is possible or even desirable to be completely value free in one’s research. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 2. Sociologists understand that there are multiple causes and effects of social issues. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 1

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    3. The sociological imagination helps us place personal troubles, such as losing our job or attempting suicide, into a larger social context, where we can distinguish whether and how personal troubles may be related to public issues. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 4. Middle-income countries are nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: This statement describes high-income countries. Middle-income countries are nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 2

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    5. European thinkers began making observations about human behavior during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New Rejoinder: While sociology did not emerge in Europe until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, social philosophers and religious authorities have made countless observations about human behavior throughout history. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 6. Like Auguste Comte, British social theorist Herbert Spencer was strongly influenced by the turmoil of the French Revolution. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New Rejoinder: Spencer was born in a more peaceful and optimistic period in his country’s history. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 3

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    7. The early sociologists were in agreement that human behavior could be studied using the same techniques used in the natural sciences. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New Rejoinder: Both Comte and Spencer were criticized for their overemphasis on application of natural science methods. Critics argued that human behavior could not be studied using these same techniques. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:49 PM 8. According to Durkheim, social facts can only be explained by other social facts. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 4

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    9. Although he founded functionalism and its emphasis on social order, sociologist Emile Durkheim observed that rapid social change and a more specialized division of labor produced strains leading to a breakdown in traditional organization, values, and authority. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 10. Because of his radical views and emphasis on social action, not just the study of society, Karl Marx's work has been largely discredited today. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concerned with social change. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Marx is still considered one of the most profound sociological thinkers. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:49 PM Page 5

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    11. In regard to negative consequences of industrial society, sociologist Max Weber was more concerned about the impact of rational bureaucracy than of class struggle. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 13 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concerned with social change. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 12. German sociologist Georg Simmel concluded that industrialization created greater equality, thus minimizing class conflict. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 13 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concerned with social change. TOPICS: New NOTES: New Rejoinder: On the contrary, he concluded that class conflict was becoming more pronounced in modern industrial societies. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 6

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    13. The first department of sociology in the United States was established at the University of Chicago, where the faculty was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological Association). a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 14 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concerned with social change. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 14. Sociologist George Herbert Mead was one of the first scholars to note that a dual heritage creates conflict for people of color. He called this duality double-consciousness—the identity conflict of being black and American. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 14 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concerned with social change. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: This was the work of W. E. B. Du Bois. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 7

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    15. All sociological theories and theorists may be categorized as functionalist, conflict, or symbolic interactionist. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 14 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Not all theories and theorists fit neatly into one of these three perspectives. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 16. According to the functionalist perspective, societies develop social structures (institutions) that persist because they play a part in helping society survive. These institutions include the family, education, government, religion, and the economy. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 15 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 8

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    17. Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggested that the division of household labor between husband and wife is one of the fundamental sources of conflict in industrialized societies. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 15 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Parsons argued that the roles for men and women are complementary and contribute to the stability of society. Expressive tasks are performed by the wife/mother; the husband/father performs the instrumental tasks, which involve leadership and decision-making responsibilities in the home and employment outside the home to support the family. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 18. Sociologist Robert K. Merton stated that in order for social institutions and other social units to be considered functional, their functions must be intended and recognized by all participants. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 15 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Merton used the term latent function to refer to functions that exist and that are not intended or recognized by the participants. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 9

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    19. All conflict theorists regard race/ethnicity conflict as the central and most important source of social change. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 16 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Modified Rejoinder: Other conflict theorists focus on class and/or gender as sources of conflict and change. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 20. All of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology focus analysis at the macrolevel, examining whole societies, large-scale social structures, and social systems. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 17 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Conflict and functionalist perspectives focus on macrolevel analysis; however, the symbolic interactionist perspective is based on microlevel analysis. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 10

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    21. Quantitative research and qualitative research both follow the same research model. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 19 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-6 - Explain why sociological research is necessary and how it challenges our commonsense beliefs about pressing social issues such as suicide. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: Qualitative research follows an alternative model in which gathering and analyzing of data are done concurrently, unlike in quantitative research. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 22. Sociological studies on suicide that analyze the contents of suicide notes to look for recurring patterns and themes are examples of qualitative research. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 21 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-6 - Explain why sociological research is necessary and how it challenges our commonsense beliefs about pressing social issues such as suicide. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 11

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    23. A broken thermometer that measures the same temperature every day lacks both reliability and validity. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 23 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-7 - Distinguish between quantitative research and qualitative research, and identify the steps in each method. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup Rejoinder: If the thermometer yields consistent results, it may be said to be reliable, even though it lacks validity. It is not a valid measure of temperature, despite its consistent and reliable readings. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 24. A strength of survey research is that it forces respondents to provide self-reported information, which is generally considered more reliable and valid than information gathered by third-party observation. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 27 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-8 - Describe survey research and briefly discuss three types of surveys. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: New Rejoinder: Some respondents may be less than truthful when answering survey questions, especially on emotionally charged issues such as suicide. DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 12

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    Multiple Choice 25. Sociology is defined as the __________. a. systematic study of human society and social interaction b. analysis of deviant groups and individuals c. scientific analysis of premodern people d. academic discipline that examines individual human behavior ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 4 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 26. A __________ is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. a. culture b. society c. nation d. country ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 5 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 13

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    27. When studying the problem of suicide, sociologists are most interested in explaining its __________. a. psychological dimensions b. relationship to the individual c. recurring patterns d. media coverage ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 28. __________ refers to the fact that the lives of people everywhere are intertwined closely so that one nation's problems are part of a much larger global context. a. Societal cohesiveness b. Universal cooperation c. Global interdependence d. International interlock ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 5 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 14

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    29. People throughout the world share the same biosphere; environmental pollution in one area may have an adverse effect on people in other places. This makes environmental problems an example of __________. a. commonsense knowledge b. universal cooperation c. the sociological imagination d. global interdependence ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 5 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 30. Which of these is not part of the sociological approach to the study of society and social interaction? a. systematic research techniques b. presentation of research findings c. search for patterns in human behavior d. application of commonsense or everyday understandings ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to our understanding of social life. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 15

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    31. Sociologist C. Wright Mills coined the term __________ for the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society. a. conflict perception b. sociological imagination c. reality perception d. symbolic interaction approach ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 32. According to Mills, the sociological imagination enables one to distinguish between personal troubles that must be solved within the immediate social setting and __________ that affect large numbers of people and often require solutions at the societal level. a. unimportant troubles b. non-private difficulties c. public issues d. societal dysfunctions ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 16

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    33. One couple’s inability to keep their marriage intact may be an example of a __________, whereas widespread divorce as a result of changes in the economy or other social factors is an example of a __________. a. dysfunction; psychological difficulty b. personal trouble; public issue c. psychological difficulty; private issue d. public issue; personal trouble ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 6 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 34. Emile Durkheim refused to accept that suicide was merely a(n) __________. a. personal trouble b. interdependence issue c. public issue d. societal dysfunction ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:51 PM Page 17

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    35. Which of these groups has the highest rate of suicide? a. males in low-income countries b. females in low-income countries c. males in high-income countries d. females in high-income countries ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 36. The world’s __________ countries are nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income. a. high-income b. middle-income c. low-income d. semi-periphery ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 18

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    37. Many of the nations of Africa and Asia are considered examples of __________. a. middle-income countries b. periphery countries c. high-income countries d. low-income countries ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Applied NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 38. A significant difference between high- and low-income countries is that low-income countries tend to be __________. a. more industrialized b. more agrarian c. less populated d. smaller ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:52 PM Page 19

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    39. __________ is a socially constructed concept used by many people to specify groups of people based on physical characteristics such as skin color. a. Ethnicity b. Nationality c. Race d. Genealogy ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 8 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:53 PM 40. The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin, is termed __________. a. ethnicity b. religion c. race d. genealogy ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 20

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    41. Sociologists use the term __________ to refer to the relative location of a person or group within the larger society, based on wealth, power, prestige, or other valued resources. a. caste b. class c. ethnicity d. ranking ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 42. The term __________ refers to the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with sex differences. a. sex b. biology c. gender d. sociobiology ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 21

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    43. Barbara was born female, which refers to her __________; she acts very feminine, which refers to her __________. a. gender; sex b. biology; sociobiology c. sex; gender d. genealogy; sex ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 44. Interest in the systematic study of people’s behavior and ideas took hold during the nineteenth century primarily in response to __________. a. the agricultural revolution b. industrialization and urbanization c. enlightenment and new forms of religion d. increases in rural poverty ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 9 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 22

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    45. __________ refers to the process by which an increasing number of people live in cities rather than rural areas. a. Ruralization b. Urbanization c. Suburbanization d. Industrialization ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 10 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 46. During the __________, massive social changes occurred as technological innovations shifted the economic base of countries in Europe, and later the United States, from agriculture to manufacturing. a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Age of Enlightenment d. Neolithic Revolution ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 10 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 23

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    47. The Industrial Revolution began in __________ between 1760 and 1850. a. Great Britain b. the United States c. Western Europe d. Japan ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 10 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 48. Which of these is not a change brought on by industrialization and urbanization? a. a rapid increase in the number and size of cities b. a shift from agriculture to industrial manufacturing c. people changing from being consumers to being producers d. the need for wages to buy food and lodging ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 10 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 24

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    49. French philosopher Auguste Comte’s philosophy, the belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry, became known as __________, a. absolutism b. positivism c. functionalism d. specific methodology ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 10 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 50. Comte believed that societies are made up of social statics, or forces for order and stability, as well as __________ or forces for social change. a. social facts b. social dynamics c. social mores d. social symbols ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 10 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 25

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    51. British sociologist __________ translated and condensed Comte’s work and was noted for her study of social customs in Great Britain and the United States. a. Emily Durkheim b. Jane Addams c. Harriet Martineau d. Sarah Spencer ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 52. In her work, sociologist Harriet Martineau was a strong advocate for_____________. a. building a stronger middle class b. the importance of cultural relativism c. recognizing the forces for stability and change in society d. social equality and reform ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 26

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    53. Based on British social theorist Herbert Spencer’s theory, __________ is the belief that those species of animals, including human beings, that are the most adapted to their environment will survive and prosper, whereas those that are poorly adapted will eventually die out. a. social Darwinism b. social eugenics c. social statics and dynamics d. social relativism ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 54. Which of these early scientific thinkers first used the phrase “survival of the fittest” to explain his theory of society? a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim c. Auguste Comte d. Herbert Spencer ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Factual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 27

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    55. A major criticism of Spencer’s theory of social Darwinism is that ______________ . a. other biological organizations exercise more control over their environments than do humans b. it may be used to justify racial/ethnic, gender, and class inequalities in society c. it explains society in an era that is less tumultuous than that of the Industrial Revolution d. he plagiarized the work of Charles Darwin ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 56. French sociologist Emile Durkheim coined the term __________ to refer to the patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over every person in society. a. social statics b. social facts c. sociological imagination d. sociological generalizations ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 28

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    57. Durkheim believed that the limits of social behavior __________. a. are socially based, not biologically based b. depend primarily on physical characteristics c. are best understood as individual dysfunction d. result mainly from cultural conflict ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 11 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: New DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM 58. Durkheim used the term __________ for the condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and a sense of purpose in society. a. social disorganization b. social dysfunctionalism c. cultural breakdown d. anomie ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 12/30/2016 5:48 AM Page 29

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    59. The basis for Durkheim’s theory of society is the principle that _____________. a. people are the products of their social environments b. the evolution of society is based on the concept of “survival of the fittest” c. society consists of the dual processes of social statics and social dynamics d. conflict between different economic classes is necessary to produce social change ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Modified DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:54 PM 60. Critics of Durkheim have argued that _______________________. a. his work is of little sociological value or importance b. he focused too heavily on social inequality and social change c. his emphasis on structure overlooks the meanings that social phenomena hold for people d. he was not systematic, and therefore not scientific in his approach to the study of society ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 12 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinking developed. TOPICS: Conceptual NOTES: Pickup DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:44 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/3/2017 4:54 PM Page 30

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