Spanish I - Verb Charts - Quick Guides

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Study GuideSpanish I–Verb Charts1. The Verb Comer1.1Introduction toComerThe verbcomermeans“to eat.”It is aregular–er verb, which means it follows the same pattern as other–er verbs in Spanish.Here are its main forms:•Infinitive:comer(to eat)•Gerund:comiendo(eating)•Past participle:comido(eaten)1.2Present Tense ofComerUse thepresent tenseto talk about:•What you eatnow•What you eatusually or regularlyThe endings follow the normal–er verb pattern.

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Study GuideExamples:•Yo como–I eat•Tú comes–You eat•Nosotros comemos–We eat1.3Preterite Tense ofComerUse thepreterite tenseto talk about:•Actions that werecompleted in the past•Things that happenedonce or at a specific timeAgain,comerstays regular in this tense.1.4Imperfect Tense ofComerTheimperfect tenseis used to describe:•What youused to do•Habitual actionsin the past•Background information in a storyThe endings are consistent and easy to recognize.

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Study Guide1.5Command Forms ofComerCommands are used totell someone to do somethingornot to do something.Spanish commands change depending on:•Who you are talking to (tú, usted, ustedes)•Whether the command isaffirmative or negativeExamples:•Come–Eat! (tú, affirmative)•No comas–Don’t eat! (tú, negative)•Coma–Eat! (usted, affirmative)•No coman–Don’t eat! (ustedes, negative)Summary•Remember:comer is regular, so no stem changes!•Focus on theendings, not the stem.•Use theimage tablesas a quick reference while practicing.

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Study Guide2. The Verb EscribirThe Spanish verbescribirmeans“to write.”It is aregular–ir verb, which means it follows the same pattern as other–ir verbs in all tenses.Key Forms to Remember•Infinitive:escribir →to write•Gerund:escribiendo→writing•Past participle:escrito→writtenThese forms are commonly used when talking about actions in progress or completed actions.2.1Present Tense of EscribirWe use thepresent tenseto talk about what someonewrites noworwrites regularly.Present Tense Conjugation•yo escribo–I write•tú escribes–you write•él / ella / ustedescribe–he/she/you (formal) write•nosotros / nosotras escribimos–we write•vosotros / vosotras escribís–you all write (Spain)•ellos / ellas / ustedes escriben–they/you all write

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Study Guide2.2Preterite Tense of EscribirThepreterite tenseis used for actions that werecompleted in the past.Preterite Tense Conjugation•yo escribí–I wrote•tú escribiste–you wrote•él / ella / usted escribió–he/she/you (formal) wrote•nosotros / nosotras escribimos–we wrote•vosotros / vosotras escribisteis–you all wrote (Spain)•ellos / ellas / ustedes escribieron–they/you all wroteTip:Even thoughnosotros escribimoslooks the same in the present and preterite, themeaningdepends on the context.

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Study Guide2.3Imperfect Tense of EscribirTheimperfect tensedescribes actions thatused to happen, happenedoften, or wereongoing inthe past.Imperfect Tense Conjugation•yo escribía–I used to write / was writing•tú escribías–you used to write•él / ella / usted escribía–he/she/you (formal) used to write•nosotros / nosotras escribíamos–we used to write•vosotros / vosotras escribíais–you all used to write (Spain)•ellos / ellas / ustedes escribían–they/you all used to writeHelpful Hint:Look for words likealways, usually, often,orused towhen deciding to use the imperfect tense.2.4Command Forms of EscribirCommands are used whentelling someone to do somethingornot to do something.

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Study GuideCommand Forms•UstedoAffirmative:escribaoNegative:no escriba•UstedesoAffirmative:escribanoNegative:no escriban•TúoAffirmative:escribeoNegative:no escribasRemember:Negative commands always use“no”before the verb.Summary•Escribiris a regular–ir verb•It meansto write•Important forms:escribiendo,escrito•You now know how to use it in:oPresent tenseoPreterite tenseoImperfect tenseoCommands

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Study Guide3. The Verb IrThe Spanish verbirmeans“to go.”It is anirregular verb, which means it doesnot follow the usual patternsin most tenses. Becauseof this, its forms must be memorized.Basic Forms of Ir•Ir=to go•Gerund:yendo(going)•Past participle:ido(gone)Don’t worry if these look different from other verbs—you’ll see them often, so they’ll get easier withpractice!3.1Present Tense of IrWe use the present tense to talk about what is happeningnowor what someoneusually does.Notice howevery form is different—that’s what makesirirregular!

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Study Guide3.2Preterite Tense of IrThepreterite tenseis used to talk aboutcompleted actions in the past.Fun fact: These forms are thesame as the verbserin the preterite tense—context helps you knowwhich verb is being used.3.3Imperfect Tense of IrTheimperfect tenseis used to describeongoing actions in the past, habits, or backgroundinformation.The imperfect tense ofirisregular, so it’s easier to remember.

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Study Guide3.4Command Forms of IrCommands are used whentelling someone to do somethingornot to do something.Commands for IrRemember:affirmative tú commandsare often irregular, andiris a perfect example!Summary•Irmeansto goand ishighly irregular•Present and preterite forms must be memorized•Imperfect tense isregular and easier•Command forms change depending onwho you are speaking to4. The Verb Ser4.1Sermeans“to be.”It is one of the most important verbs in Spanish.Important:The verbserisirregularin almost all forms and tenses. That means it doesnotfollow normalconjugation rules, so you need to memorize many of its forms.4.2Basic Forms of Ser•Infinitive:ser (to be)•Gerund:siendo(being)•Past participle:sido(been)These forms are used with other verbs to make different tenses.

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