Spanish I - Basic Sentence Structure - Quick Guides

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Study GuideSpanish I–Basic Sentence Structure1. Quiz: Sentence Structure1. Question_____ toca la guitarra.Answer Choices•Tú•Diego•Diego y RebecaCorrect AnswerDiegoWhy This Is CorrectThe verb“toca”is in thethird-person singularform.•Túwould requiretocas•Diego y Rebecawould requiretocanSinceDiegois a single person (third-person singular),“Diego toca la guitarra”is grammaticallycorrect.2. Question_____ venden la casa.Answer Choices•Ellos•El•Nosotros

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerEllosWhy This Is CorrectThe verbvendenis in thethird person pluralform.Ellosmatches this conjugation correctly.•Ellos venden la casa.✔•El vende la casa.✘(singular)•Nosotrosvendemos la casa.✘(different verb ending)Therefore,Ellosis the correct choice.3.Question_____ bebimos los refrescos.Answer Choices•Tú•Ellas•NosotrosCorrect AnswerNosotrosWhy This Is CorrectThe verb“bebimos”is in thefirst-person plural (nosotros)form of the preterite tense.This form is used when“we”performed the action in the past.•Yo bebí→ I drank•Tú bebiste→ You drank

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Study Guide•Nosotros bebimos→We drankExample Sentence:Nosotros bebimos los refrescos.2. Conjunctions2.1What Are Conjunctions?One of the easiest ways to make your sentences more interesting is by usingconjunctions.Conjunctions are small words thatjoin ideas together. They can connect:•words•phrases•complete sentencesIn English, the most common conjunctions areand,but, andor.English ExamplesHere are some examples of how conjunctions work in English:•JillandBrad are my neighbors.•BradorJill mows the lawn once a week.•Brad mows in the morning,butJill prefers the evening.Each conjunction has a specific job:•andadds information•orgives a choice•butshows contrast2.2Spanish ConjunctionsSpanish uses very similar conjunctions. The most basic Spanish conjunctions are:

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Study GuideThese conjunctions are used almost thesame way as in English, which makes them easier to learn.2.3Subject–Verb Agreement with ConjunctionsWhen conjunctions join subjects, they affect how the verb is used.Using y (and)Whenyjoins two subjects, the subject becomesplural, so the verb must also beplural.•EstelayColetabailantango.•(Estela and Coleta dance the tango.)•Notice thatbailanis a plural verb form.Using o (or)Whenojoins two subjects, the subject is treated assingular, so the verb stayssingular.•MiguelitaoMarisolbailael flamenco hoy.•(Miguelita or Marisol dances the flamenco today.)•Notice thatbailais a singular verb form.2.4Using pero (but)There is one important rule to remember aboutpero:perocan only be used to joincomplete sentences, not just nouns.•Juan bailaperoMarco canta.•(Juan dances but Marco sings.)

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Study Guide2.5Special Changes in Spanish ConjunctionsSpanish conjunctions sometimeschange their formto make pronunciation easier.o → uThe conjunctionochanges touwhen it comes before a word that starts witho-orho-.y → eThe conjunctionychanges toewhen it comes before a word that starts withi-orhi-.These changes help Spanish sound smoother and avoid repeating similar sounds.Summary•Conjunctions connect ideas in a sentence•Spanish conjunctionsy, pero, owork likeand, but, or•y→ plural verb•o→ singular verb•perojoins only full sentences•ybecomesebeforei / hi•obecomesubeforeo / ho

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