Skip to content
Class Notes

Bio Exam 1 Notes

Comprehensive Bio 131 Exam 1 notes covering anatomy & physiology basics: body organization, homeostasis, anatomical terms, biomolecules, cell structure, membranes, and organ systems. Perfect for a targeted review before your first exam.

Preview 2 of 5 pages

See the first 2 pages exactly as they appear in the document.

  1. Page 1
    Read page 1 as text

    BI0 131 Exam 1_21 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology * Organization at the Body o Anatomy Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts “ Physiology Study of how the body and ns parts wort <n luneIion. Ways to Study Anatomy * Gross Anatomy o Focuses on Urge structures that are easily observabte with the naked eye * Microscopic Anatomy » involves very small structures that must be viewed with .1 m i c r o s c o p e o Cytology Study of cells in terms of structure, function, and chemistry 4 Histology Study of tissues Levels of Organization in Biology * Atoms and Molecules o Essential components Include proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and UptdS. * ■ Cells ■ s Smallest unit of life composed ot organelles and cellular structures. * Tissues n Groups ot similar cells performing specific 1unctions {e.g., epithelial, connective. muscu r ar, nervous). « Organs □ Two ar more types of tissues working together to perform a Specific function leg., stomach, heart). * Organ Systems □ Groups of organs working together for a common purpose (e g., digestive system, reproductive system) ' Organism c Tl i- total living nnlity composed ot . r ouv organ systems Inc -jdlrig human beings. Homeostasis ’ Definitkxi Maintenance ol the body's internal environment within specific ranges. * Control of Homeostasis o Prevents extreme deviation'. □ Feedback Mechanisms:

  2. Page 2
    Read page 2 as text

    O Negative Feedback iody recognize* change and mH ales a response to negate that change {e.g., blood pressure regulation). • Positive Feedback Amplifies changer -tway from the normal stale e.g., labor doling childbirth). « Dynamic Equilibrium Stale ol balance that 13 dynamic and continuously changing Anatomical Position and Terms • Anatomical Position: Standing erect, facing forward, atm* at aides, palms and toes directed forward. - Directional Terms: ° Ant erIor/ Ventral Toward rhe belly it* g., trachea Is anterior to the esophagus), 0 Postarlor/Dorcal! Toward the back l» j. r esophagus is posterior to the trachea), □ Superior: Above another part {e.g navel is supenor to the feet) o Inferior: Be ow another pari [e.g., loot are inferior In the navel| • Medial: Nearer to the midline le.g. r nose is medial to the ears), * Lateral Farther Pom the fiudhne |e g . ears are later ,1 io the nose). □ Proximal Closer to the point of attachment (e.g., elbow is proximal to the hand), u Distal: Farther from the pcm( of attachment le g., hand is distal to (he elbow), 0 Superficial Nearer to (he body curtace leg skin is super hcia' to the muscle sj. ■ ? Deep- Away from the body surface io g,, muse 'c is deep Io the skin) Body Cavities • Dorsal Cavities b SiiiMted on ihedt' j ',-il side < nnlaming the brain and Milnal cord • Ventral Cavities fl Located on the Ventral Side, containing motor body cavities such aS the abdomen, thoracic, and pelvic cavities. Trunk Cavities and Membranes • Serous Membrane □ Produces a watery substance to reduce friction. » Visceral membrane Surrounds organs. « Parietal membrane Attached to cavity wads. o Cavity: Space between visceral and parietal membranes • Thoracic Cavity fl Pleural Cavities. Each lung is surrounded by visceral pleura, lined with panel flI pleura o Pericardial Cavity. Surrounds the heart with visceral pericard urn and parietal pericardium o Abdominal Cavity Contains digestive organs lined with visceral and parietal peritoneum.

3 more pages in the full document

Unlock it once and it stays in your library, ready to chat with or turn into flashcards.

Unlock the full document

More Anatomy and Physiology study materials

See all

Study this document with CramX

Once it is in your library, every tool can work from it.