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Human Anatomy And Physiology, 9th Edition Test Bank

Human Anatomy And Physiology, 9th Edition Test Bank helps you prepare efficiently by breaking down difficult concepts into easy-to-understand sections.

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    Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In which body cavities are the lungs located? 1) A) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic B) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal C) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral D) pleural, ventral, and thoracic Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 2) The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy. 2) A) developmental B) microscopic C) gross D) systemic Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 3) The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. 3) A) palms turned posteriorly B) body erect C) thumbs pointed laterally D) arms at sides Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 4) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? 4) A) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. B) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. C) It is considered the cause of most diseases. D) The internal environment is becoming more stable. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 5) Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade. 5) A) 98 B) 47 C) 37 D) 68 Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 1

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    6) Which of the following are survival needs of the body? 6) A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement C) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen D) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 7) What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? 7) A) to control body movement B) to keep the body's blood sugar level high C) to maintain homeostasis D) to regulate excretion via the kidneys Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 8) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? 8) A) sagittal B) frontal C) transverse D) median Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 9) The posterior knee area is called ________. 9) A) popliteal B) crural C) sural D) antecubital Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 10) Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? 10) A) DSA B) MRI C) PET D) X ray Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 11) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? 11) A) liver B) appendix C) stomach D) intestines Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 2

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    12) Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? 12) A) cranial cavity B) thoracic cavity C) vertebral cavity D) spinal cord Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 13) Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? 13) A) nervous B) muscular C) immune D) lymphatic Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 14) A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________. 14) A) organ B) complex cell C) complex tissue D) organ system Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 15) The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. 15) A) hydrogen B) oxygen C) water D) protein Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 16) The term pollex refers to the ________. 16) A) great toe B) fingers C) calf D) thumb Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 3

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    17) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. 17) A) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances B) the lowest possible energy usage C) a static state with no deviation from preset points D) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 18) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________. 18) A) metabolism B) responsiveness C) maintaining boundaries D) excretion of metabolic waste Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 19) Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. 19) A) cells B) the gross structures of the body C) tissues D) cell chemistry Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 20) Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? 20) A) maintenance of boundaries B) responsiveness to external stimuli C) movement D) decay Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 21) An oblique cut is one that is cut ________. 21) A) diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes B) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal planes C) vertically right and left D) horizontally superior and inferior Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 4

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    22) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? 22) A) cardiovascular anatomy B) cardiovascular physiology C) systemic anatomy D) systemic physiology Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 23) The cavities housing the eyes are called ________ cavities. 23) A) frontal B) orbital C) cranial D) nasal Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 24) Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? 24) A) dorsal B) distal C) anterior D) lateral Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 25) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. 25) A) enhancement of labor contractions B) blood calcium level regulation C) regulating glucose levels in the blood D) body temperature regulation Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 26) The anatomical position is used ________. 26) A) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body B) for proper placement of a patient or a cadaver upon an operating table in order to reach all major organs C) only when a body is lying down one one's back rather than stomach D) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position during waking moments Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 5

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    27) Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. 27) A) Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart. B) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid. C) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two. D) Serosa are very thin, double - layered structures. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 28) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? 28) A) brain B) intestines C) lungs D) liver Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 29) Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy? 29) A) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic B) regional, systemic, and surface C) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic D) gross, regional, dissection, and surface Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 30) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. 30) A) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. B) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. C) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. D) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 31) In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? 31) A) right lower quadrant B) right upper quadrant C) left upper quadrant D) left lower quadrant Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 6

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    32) The heart lies in the ________ cavity. 32) A) pleural B) superior mediastinal C) dorsal D) pericardial Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 33) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? 33) A) regional B) frontal C) sagittal D) transverse Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 34) Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs 34) A) 1 - 2 - 4 - 3 - 5 B) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 C) 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 5 D) 2 - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 35) The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________. 35) A) lining the thoracic cavity B) covering the heart C) lining the abdominal cavity D) covering individual lungs Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 36) Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? 36) A) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms. B) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 7

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    37) The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity. 37) A) dorsal B) vertebral C) ventral D) cranial E) thoracic Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 38) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? 38) A) any sagittal plane except in the midline B) a transverse cut just above the knees C) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 39) One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________. 39) A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce D) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 40) If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________. 40) A) receptor B) variable C) effector D) control center Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 41) Select the most correct statement. 41) A) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. B) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. C) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. D) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 8

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    42) What is the regional term for the hip region? 42) A) inguinal B) manus C) coxal D) pedal Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 43) ________ cavities are spaces within joints. 43) A) Nasal B) Oral C) Orbital D) Synovial Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 44) What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex? 44) Answer: negative Explanation: 45) What does gross anatomy study? 45) Answer: Larger structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye. Explanation: Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions: 46) Stimulus. 46) Answer: A Explanation: 9

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    47) ________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function. 47) Answer: Renal Explanation: 48) The term that describes the neck region is ________. 48) Answer: cervical Explanation: 49) What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed? 49) Answer: homeostasis Explanation: Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 50) Abdominal cavity. 50) Answer: D Explanation: 10

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    51) What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body? 51) Answer: The goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. Explanation: Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions: 52) Response. 52) Answer: E Explanation: 53) Why is anatomical terminology necessary? 53) Answer: Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which prevents confusion when describing the location of body parts. Explanation: 54) The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, resulting in an increase in available oxygen. Comment on this statement. 54) Answer: At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is less than at lower levels resulting in a decrease in oxygen levels. The lower oxygen levels may be inadequate to support cellular metabolism. Explanation: 55) Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life - sustaining rates? 55) Answer: If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body temperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose their normal shape, resulting in loss of function. Explanation: 11

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    Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 56) Vertebral cavity. 56) Answer: B Explanation: 57) ________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. 57) Answer: Physiology Explanation: 58) The heart is ________ to the arm. 58) Answer: medial Explanation: 59) The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ear. 59) Answer: middle ear Explanation: 12

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    Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 60) Cranial cavity. 60) Answer: A Explanation: 13

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    Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions: 61) Output. 61) Answer: D Explanation: 62) What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body? 62) Answer: water Explanation: 63) What is the function of the serous membranes? 63) Answer: They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls. Explanation: 14

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    Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions: 64) Receptor. 64) Answer: B Explanation: 65) Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts? 65) Answer: The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the bony pelvis. Explanation: 66) What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean? 66) Answer: What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or "structure determines function." Explanation: 15

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