Human Anatomy And Physiology, 9th Edition Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)In which body cavities are the lungs located?1)A)pericardial, ventral, and thoracicB)pleural, dorsal, and abdominalC)mediastinal, thoracic, and ventralD)pleural, ventral, and thoracicAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)2)The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________anatomy.2)A)developmentalB)microscopicC)grossD)systemicAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)3)The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.3)A)palms turned posteriorlyB)body erectC)thumbs pointed laterallyD)arms at sidesAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)4)Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?4)A)Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.B)Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.C)It is considered the cause of most diseases.D)The internal environment is becoming more stable.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)5)Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.5)A)98B)47C)37D)68Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)1

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6)Which of the following are survival needs of the body?6)A)nutrients, water, movement, and reproductionB)water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movementC)nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygenD)nutrients, water, growth, and reproductionAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)7)What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?7)A)to control body movementB)to keep the body's blood sugar level highC)to maintain homeostasisD)to regulate excretion via the kidneysAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)8)What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?8)A)sagittalB)frontalC)transverseD)medianAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)9)The posterior knee area is called ________.9)A)poplitealB)cruralC)suralD)antecubitalAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)10)Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?10)A)DSAB)MRIC)PETD)X rayAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)11)Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?11)A)liverB)appendixC)stomachD)intestinesAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)2

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12)Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?12)A)cranial cavityB)thoracic cavityC)vertebral cavityD)spinal cordAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)13)Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?13)A)nervousB)muscularC)immuneD)lymphaticAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)14)A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specificfunctions for the body is a(n) ________.14)A)organB)complex cellC)complex tissueD)organ systemAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)15)The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of bodyweight, is ________.15)A)hydrogenB)oxygenC)waterD)proteinAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)16)The term pollex refers to the ________.16)A)great toeB)fingersC)calfD)thumbAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)3

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17)Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.17)A)a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstancesB)the lowest possible energy usageC)a static state with no deviation from preset pointsD)a relatively stable internal environment, within limitsAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)18)An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in thebloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.18)A)metabolismB)responsivenessC)maintaining boundariesD)excretion of metabolic wasteAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.19)A)cellsB)the gross structures of the bodyC)tissuesD)cell chemistryAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)20)Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?20)A)maintenance of boundariesB)responsiveness to external stimuliC)movementD)decayAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)21)An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.21)A)diagonally between vertical and horizontal planesB)perpendicular to vertical and horizontal planesC)vertically right and leftD)horizontally superior and inferiorAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)4

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22)Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?22)A)cardiovascular anatomyB)cardiovascular physiologyC)systemic anatomyD)systemic physiologyAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)23)The cavities housing the eyes are called ________ cavities.23)A)frontalB)orbitalC)cranialD)nasalAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)24)Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?24)A)dorsalB)distalC)anteriorD)lateralAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)25)A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.25)A)enhancement of labor contractionsB)blood calcium level regulationC)regulating glucose levels in the bloodD)body temperature regulationAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)26)The anatomical position is used ________.26)A)as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of thebodyB)for proper placement of a patient or a cadaver upon an operating table in order to reach allmajor organsC)only when a body is lying down one one's back rather than stomachD)rarely, because people don't usually assume this position during waking momentsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)5

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27)Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.27)A)Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines theinternal walls of the heart.B)Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.C)Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual spacebetween the two.D)Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)28)The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?28)A)brainB)intestinesC)lungsD)liverAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)29)Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy?29)A)regional, surface, visual, and microscopicB)regional, systemic, and surfaceC)gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopicD)gross, regional, dissection, and surfaceAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)30)Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.30)A)Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.B)Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.C)Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.D)Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)31)In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?31)A)right lower quadrantB)right upper quadrantC)left upper quadrantD)left lower quadrantAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)6

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32)The heart lies in the ________ cavity.32)A)pleuralB)superior mediastinalC)dorsalD)pericardialAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)33)What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?33)A)regionalB)frontalC)sagittalD)transverseAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)34)Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:1.molecules2.atoms3.tissues4.cells5.organs34)A)1-2-4-3-5B)1-2-3-4-5C)2-1-4-3-5D)2-1-3-4-5Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)35)The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.35)A)lining the thoracic cavityB)covering the heartC)lining the abdominal cavityD)covering individual lungsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)36)Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?36)A)Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.B)Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.C)Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.D)Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)7

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37)The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity.37)A)dorsalB)vertebralC)ventralD)cranialE)thoracicAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)38)Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?38)A)any sagittal plane except in the midlineB)a transverse cut just above the kneesC)two cuts dividing the body into left and right halvesD)any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portionsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)39)One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.39)A)indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory systemB)sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to themC)the necessity for all organisms to reproduceD)the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience angerAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)40)If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat wouldbe the ________.40)A)receptorB)variableC)effectorD)control centerAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)41)Select the most correct statement.41)A)Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.B)Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.C)The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.D)The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)8

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42)What is the regional term for the hip region?42)A)inguinalB)manusC)coxalD)pedalAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)43)________ cavities are spaces within joints.43)A)NasalB)OralC)OrbitalD)SynovialAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.44)What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?44)Answer:negativeExplanation:45)What does gross anatomy study?45)Answer:Larger structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye.Explanation:Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:46)Stimulus.46)Answer:AExplanation:9

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47)________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.47)Answer:RenalExplanation:48)The term that describes the neck region is ________.48)Answer:cervicalExplanation:49)What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?49)Answer:homeostasisExplanation:Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:50)Abdominal cavity.50)Answer:DExplanation:10

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51)What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?51)Answer:The goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.Explanation:Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:52)Response.52)Answer:EExplanation:53)Why is anatomical terminology necessary?53)Answer:Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which preventsconfusion when describing the location of body parts.Explanation:54)The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, resulting in anincrease in available oxygen. Comment on this statement.54)Answer:At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is less than at lower levels resulting in adecrease in oxygen levels. The lower oxygen levels may be inadequate to supportcellular metabolism.Explanation:55)Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to becontinued at life-sustaining rates?55)Answer:If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If bodytemperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose theirnormal shape, resulting in loss of function.Explanation:11

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Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:56)Vertebral cavity.56)Answer:BExplanation:57)________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with thefunction of specific organs or organic systems.57)Answer:PhysiologyExplanation:58)The heart is ________ to the arm.58)Answer:medialExplanation:59)The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ ofhearing in the inner ear.59)Answer:middle earExplanation:12

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Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:60)Cranial cavity.60)Answer:AExplanation:13

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Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:61)Output.61)Answer:DExplanation:62)What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?62)Answer:waterExplanation:63)What is the function of the serous membranes?63)Answer:They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.Explanation:14

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Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:64)Receptor.64)Answer:BExplanation:65)Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in anautomobile accident with seat belts?65)Answer:The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are notreinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree ofprotection from the bony pelvis.Explanation:66)What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?66)Answer:What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or "structure determinesfunction."Explanation:15

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