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Human Anatomy and Physiology-Cardiovascular Questi

Q&A guide on the cardiovascular system in human anatomy and physiology. Covers heart anatomy, blood flow, heart failure, valves, ECG, cardiac cycle, and arrhythmias—ideal for medical and nursing exam prep.

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    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. What does the cardiovascular system consist of?: 1. Heart 2. Bloodvessels 3. Blood 2. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?: Transport mate- rials to and from the body 3. Blood is pumped away from the heart via:: The arteries 4. Blood is pumped towards the heart via: The veins 5. What is transported throughout the CV system?: 1. Things entering from external environment - oxygen - nutrients 2. Materials going between cells - hormones - antibodies 3. Waste products from cells requiring elimination - heat - CO2 6. How many chambers does the heart have? What are the names of these chambers?: 4 1. Right atria 2. Right ventricle 3. Left atria 4. Left ventricle 7. What do the 2 atria do?: Reservoirs for returning blood to the heart 8. What do the 2 ventricles do?: They are pumps to propel the blood 9. What is a septum?: It divides the heart into right and left sides 10. What is the process through which the blood pumps through the heart and body?: Blood to the body: Right atrium — > right ventricle — > pulmonary circulation via pulmonary artery — > From lungs —> left atrium via pulmonary veins —> left ventricle —> to the rest of the body Blood back to heart: via the superior and inferior vena cava to the atrium 11. What does the term right side refer to?: Pulmonary circulation —> served by the right ventricle 12. What does the term left side refer to?: Systemic circulation —> served by the left ventricle 13. What does the right side do?: Propel deoxygenated blood to the lungs 1 / 16

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    14. What does the left side do?: Propels oxygenated blood to the tissues 15. Heart failure can be caused by an impairment of what?: 1. Inability for the heart to fdl 2. Inability of heart to pump 3. Not enough blood 16. What happens in right sided heart failure?: Build up of pressure that begins with right ventricle and then moves to right atrium and then back to systemic veins 17. What are clinical signs of right sided heart failure?: l.JVD 2. Peripheral edema 18. What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?: Pre-existing left sided heart failure 19. What happens in left sided heart failure?: Pressure begins to build in left ventricle, then to left atrium — > then to lungs 20. What are clinical signs of left sided heart failure?: 1. Pulmonary edema 2. SOB 21. What is the most common cause of left-sided heart failure?: MI 22. In pulmonary circulation, what pressure does blood flow at?: Low pressure 23. What is pulmonary hypertension ?: Pressure in pulmonary artery is raised resulting in strain on right ventricle — > can cause right sides heart failure 24. What is blood flow driven by?: Difference in pressure between arteries and veins 25. The difference in pressure between the and the , .drives blood flow through systemic circulation: Aorta Large central veins 26. Amount of flow that occurs depends on:: Resistance 27. Vascular restriction is achieved by:: Altering blood vessel diameter (vasodi- lation and vasoconstriction) 28. Changes in compliance of cardiac muscle affects what?: Ability of the heart to fdl with blood 29. Changes in compliance of blood vessels walls affects what?: Volume and pressure of the blood 30. What is the central pathology in diastolic heart failure?: Low compliance - because left ventricle is thickened and noncompliant Tx - with calcium channel blocker to relax cardiac myocytes during diastole 31. What is the tricuspid valve?: Permits blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle 2/ 16

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