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Practice test Lec 8 and 9

This Document covering skeletal system structure, bone tissues, markings, skull anatomy, vertebrae, thoracic cage, and long bone composition. Great for A&P exam review.

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    THURSDAY Overview of Skeletal System 1. What are the main functions of the skeletal system? Support, protection, attachment for muscles, storage of fat and minerals (calcium), and formation of blood cells 2. What are the two main types of bone tissue in the human adult skeleton? Answer: Compact bone and spongy bone. 3. How many bones are in a human adult_skeleton 206 Bones [Osseous Tissue 1. What is the composition of compact bone? Composed of hard and dense irregular connective tissue Located deep to the periosteum ■ Composed osteons. 2. What is the composition of spongy bone? Composed of trabeculae Deep to compact bone Houses red bone marrow 3. What is the function of the periosteum and what does it contain? Surrounds the bone and is contains blood vessels and nerves. I Accessory Skeletal Structures 1. What are the three types of cartilage and where are they Hyaline, fibro, and elastic cartilage. 2. What is the function of tendons and ligaments? Tendons attach muscle to bone, while ligaments attach bone to bone. Bones of Skeleton 1. What are the two main divisions of the skeleton? Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. 2. What are the bones that make up the axial skeleton and how many bones are in it? Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax., i I Contains 80 Bones

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    3. What are the bones that make up the appendicular skeleton? (All the appendages, everything else that axial does not contain) Limbs pectoral girdle (clavicles and scapulae), pelvic girdle 4. What are the five types of bones based on shape? Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid. 5. Give examples for each type of bone. | Long = Femur Short = Carpals (Wrist bones) and Tarsals (Ankle bones) Flat = Sternum and Skull Bones Irregular = Vertebrae Sesamoid = Patella FRIDAY Bone Markings 1. What are the four types of bone markings? Projections, Holes, Ridges, and Depressions. 2. What is the function of bone markings? Attachment sites for muscles, tendons, and ligaments . passageways for blood vessels and nerves. ,Bone Markings: Depressions 1. What is a facet and what is its classification? Facet is a depression in a bone A shallow convex or concave surface where two bones articulate. 2. What is a fossa? Fossa is a depression in the bone An indentation in a bone into which another structure fits. 1. What is a canal (meatus)? A tunnel through a bone. 2. What is a foramen (foramina)?

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    A hole in a bone. lone Markings: Projections 1. What is a condyle? A rounded end of a bone that articulates with another bone. 2. What is a head? A round projection from a bone's epiphysis. 3. What is a Tubercle? A small round bony projection, large tubercles are caller tuberosity 4. What is an Epicondyle? A small projection proximal to a condyle 5. What is a process? A prominent bony projection 6. What is a Trochanter? Large projection found ONLY on the femur ,GrossL Anatomy of Long Bones 1. What are,the three main parts of a long bone? Epiphyses, diaphysis, and epiphyseal lines. 2. What is the function of epiphyseal lines? Marks site of Epiphyseal Plates (growth plates) Contains articular cartilage 3. What is the function of the epiphyses? Contains a layer of compact bone that surrounds a spongy bone | □ Blood cell-producing red bone marrow. 4. What is the function of the diaphysis? It is the shaft of the bone, Surrounded by a central medullary cavity Filled with fat (yellow bone marrow). SATURDAY Lon Bone 1. What is the 2 layers of a long bone?

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