Biochemistry Questions and Answers

"What type of macromolecule are enzymes considered, and what do they usually end with? A. Carbohydrate; -ose B. Protein; -ase C. Lipid; -ase D. Nucleic Acid; -ose"

# Write the equations to show how lactic fermentation compares with alcoholic fermentation. Which reactant(s) do they have in common? a) Lactic fermentation: $C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} \rightarrow 2 C_{3} H_{6} O_{3}$ (glucose $\leftarrow$ lactic acid) Alcoholic fermentation: $C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} \rightarrow 2 C_{2} H_{5} O H+2 C O_{2}$ (glucose $\leftarrow$ ethanol + carbon dioxide) Both types of fermentation share glucose as a common reactant. b) Lactic fermentation: $C O_{2}+H_{2} O \rightarrow C_{3} H_{6} O_{3}$ (carbon dioxide + water $\leftarrow$ lactic acid) Alcoholic fermentation: $C O_{2}+H_{2} O \rightarrow C_{2} H_{5} O H$ (carbon dioxide + water $\leftarrow$ ethanol) They both have carbon dioxide and water in common as reactants. c) Lactic fermentation: $C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} \rightarrow C_{2} H_{5} O H$ (glucose $\leftarrow$ ethanol) Alcoholic fermentation: $C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} \rightarrow C_{3} H_{6} O_{3}$ (glucose $\leftarrow$ lactic acid) They have glucose and ethanol in common as reactants. d) Lactic fermentation: $C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}+O_{2} \rightarrow C_{3} H_{6} O_{3}$ (glucose + oxygen $\leftarrow$ lactic acid) Alcoholic fermentation: $C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}+O_{2} \rightarrow C_{2} H_{5} O H+C O_{2}$ (glucose + oxygen $\leftarrow$ ethanol + carbon dioxide) They both share oxygen as a common reactant.

"Which of the following reactions (or set of reactions) are endergonic and which are exergonic? a. O2 → H2O b. ATP → ADP+Pi c. Glucose → pyruvate d. NAD+ → NADH"

The basic building blocks of proteins are called amino acids. In a protein, amino acids are held together by peptide bonds. Why are proteins essential to all life?

The main functions of nucleic acids are to what?

Why does the sodium-potassium pump have a 3:2 ratio?

You are given either an aldehyde or ketone in the assignment, draw the major organic product that results from the deuteration of the given carbonyl compound.

What are the sides of a DNA molecule made up of?

"ATP is NOT a nucleoside because it ________. A. Has three phosphates instead of just one B. Lacks the deoxyribosyl group C. Has phosphate groups D. Is not connected to a carbohydrate group"

"Select the statement that best describes a biosynthesis reaction. A. Bonds in a large organic molecule are broken to form smaller organic molecules. B. Breakdown of polysaccharides to form monosaccharides. C. Exchange of bonds within organic molecules to form different organic molecules. D. Formation of bonds between small organic molecules to form larger organic molecules."

"Question: Which best describes a saturated fatty acid? A. It is a liquid at room temperature. B. It is a solid at room temperature. C. It contains double bonds between carbon atoms. D. It contains triple bonds between carbon atoms."

What is the process of glycolysis, including its reactants and products?

Identify the definition of each term. are triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature. are fats, oils, and other fat-soluble molecules. contain a carboxylic acid group and a hydrocarbon chain. are molecules that have three ester functional groups. are triglycerides that are solid at room temperature. | Acids | Fatty acids | Oils | | --- | --- | --- | | fats | Triglycerides | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

"An enzyme can only bind one reactant at a time. True or False A. True B. False"

"Select all of the following that apply to missense mutations. They are often harmful or even fatal. They are a type of point mutation. They potentially, but rarely, result in a better protein. The sickle cell mutation in hemoglobin is an example. They involve the replacement of one DNA nucleotide with another."

What are the three components of a phospholipid?

"Fill in the blank: To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require _____ allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered ________. The mutation results in a ___ of function."

What is wrong with the following piece of mRNA? TACCAGGATCACTTTGCCA

Which of the following are phospholipids? Select all that apply. $\square$ prostaglandins $\square$ steroids $\square$ cephalins $\square$ lecithins

What are the four major categories of macromolecules? Describe the basic structures and primary functions of each.

Which functional group(s) are found in Asn? (CHECK THE ONE(S) THAT IS/ARE CORRECT) Question 4 options: 1) amide 2) primary amine 3) carboxylate 4) aldehyde

What foods contain nucleic acids?

Name the four macromolecules, their functions, and their monomers.

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide, and how are they connected to each other?

What is the relationship between mMol/L and meq/L?

Roughly 2/3 (by mass) of an E. coli cell is water, and roughly 50% of the remaining mass is protein. The average protein in E. coli consists of 350 amino acids, and amin acids on average mass roughly 100g per mole. Hint: Recall that a mole is 6.023 x 10^23 particles. a. Estimate the number of protein molecules in a single E. coli cell. b. Estimate the average distance between two protein molecules within an E. coli cell, Hint; If the total volume of the cell were divided evenly among all the proteins in the cell, how big of a volume would each protein have? If that volume were a cube, how big would it edges be? c. The average diameter of a protein molecule is 4 nm. How does the average separation between proteins compare to their size? d. What does your answer to c. tell you about the crowding of the cell?

How is the trigonal pyramidal geometry related to the tetrahedral geometry?

What are the monomers that make up a DNA polymer?

Identify each bond between the component atoms as: Sigma bonds (single bonds) One sigma bond and one pi bond (double bonds) One sigma bond and two pi bonds (triple bonds)

What is a main function of lipids?

Question: Identify the components contained in each of the following lipids. Part A glycerophospholipid Check all that apply. Check all that apply. glycerol fatty acid phosphate amino alcohol steroid nucleus Identify the components contained in each of the following lipids. Part A glycerophospholipid Check all that apply. Check all that apply. glycerol fatty acid phosphate amino alcohol steroid nucleus sphingosine SubmitMy AnswersGive Up Part B sphingomyelin Check all that apply. Check all that apply. glycerol fatty acid phosphate amino alcohol steroid nucleus sphingosine SubmitMy AnswersGive Up Part C aldosterone Check all that apply. Check all that apply. glycerol fatty acid phosphate amino alcohol steroid nucleus sphingosine SubmitMy AnswersGive Up Part D linoleic acid Check all that apply. Check all that apply. glycerol fatty acid phosphate amino alcohol steroid nucleus sphingosine

A nucleotide of DNA may contain adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. What is each of these components?

List three parts of the ATP molecule and label each on the simplified molecule.

Which is a function of a protein macromolecule?