English - Pronoun Word Used in Place of a Noun - Quick Guides

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Study GuideEnglish–Pronoun: Word Used in Place of a Noun1.PronounsPronouns make writing smoother and more natural. Apronounis a word thattakes the place of anoun. Without pronouns, sentences would sound repetitive and awkward.Look at the difference:•Charlie left Charlie’s house, taking Charlie’s dog with Charlie.•Charlie left his house, taking his dog with him.The second sentence sounds much better because pronouns replace repeated nouns.Pronouns can be grouped by what they do. Each group has a special job in a sentence.1.1 Personal PronounsPersonal pronounsstand for people or things. Common examples includeI, me, he, she, it, we,they.These pronouns change form depending oncase, which means how they are used in a sentence.•UseIwhen the pronoun is thesubject.•Usemewhen the pronoun is anobject.Examples:•I went to the store.•She called me.1.2 Reflexive (Intensive) PronounsReflexiveandintensive pronounsare formed by adding-selfor-selvesto personal pronouns.Examples:myself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselvesThey are used in two main ways:

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Study Guide1.Reflexive use–when the action reflects back on the subject.oHe hurt himself.2.Intensive use–to add emphasis.oI myself don’t believe it.Even though people sometimes use reflexive pronouns incorrectly in speech, avoid this in formalwriting.Correct:•Tom and I don’t like it.•Rob doesn’t like Luke or me.Incorrect:•Tom and myself don’t like it.•Rob doesn’t like Luke or myself.1.3 Demonstrative PronounsDemonstrative pronounspoint to specific things.Examples:this, that, these, those•These are the most economical, but this is the one we want.When these wordsstand alone, they are pronouns.When they comebefore a noun, they act as adjectives.•this car•that word•these shoes1.4 Relative PronounsRelative pronounsintroduce clauses that give more information about a noun or pronoun.

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Study GuideExamples:who, whom, which, thatExamples in sentences:•The professorwhowrote the textbook is teaching the class.•The stormthatcaused the power outage has moved east.Usingthatvs.whichMany writers usethatandwhichinterchangeably, but in formal writing, it helps to follow this rule:•Usethatforrestrictive clauses(information that is necessary).•Usewhichfornonrestrictive clauses(extra information).Restrictive clause (no commas):•The carthathit her was green.The clausethat hit heris necessary to identify the car.Nonrestrictive clause (use commas):•The car,whichI bought a week ago, gets good mileage.The clausewhich I bought a week agoadds extra information.Usecommaswithwhichclauses, butnotwiththatclauses.1.5 Interrogative PronounsInterrogative pronounsare used to ask questions.Examples:who, whom, whose, which, whatExamples in sentences:•Which is the best one to choose?•What is your destination?•Who asked the question?

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Study Guide1.6 Indefinite PronounsIndefinite pronounsrefer to people or things in a general way. They do not name someone orsomething specific.Common indefinite pronouns include:all, any, anybody, anyone, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, few, many, neither, nobody, none,no one, one, several, some, somebody, someoneThese pronouns still take the place of nouns, even when the noun is not stated.Examples:•Many are called, but few are chosen.•Nobody likes a tattletale.2.Quiz: PronounsQuestion 1Choose the group that shows ONLY personal pronouns.Answer Choices• himself, herself, those, ours• I, me, he, she, it• hers, theirs, ours, yoursCorrect AnswerI, me, he, she, itWhy This Is Correct• Personal pronouns refer directly to people or things.• The other groups include reflexive, demonstrative, or possessive pronouns.

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Study GuideQuestion 2Choose the sentence containing a REFLEXIVE pronoun.Answer Choices• I am confident I can do it myself.• She and me are confident we can do it.• As for me, I'm confident I can do it.Correct AnswerI am confident I can do it myself.Why This Is Correct•myselfis a reflexive pronoun.• Reflexive pronouns reflect back to the subject of the sentence.Question 3Choose the sentence containing a RELATIVE pronoun.Answer Choices• These are the sand dollars my sister found on the beach.• My sister found some sand dollars on the beach.• The shell, which she found on the beach, was a sand dollar.Correct AnswerThe shell, which she found on the beach, was a sand dollar.Why This Is Correct•whichis a relative pronoun.• Relative pronouns introduce clauses that give more information about a noun.

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Study GuideQuestion 4Complete this sentence:The wordseveryone, anybody, none, few, several,andsomeare examples of ________.Answer Choices• indefinite pronouns• interrogative pronouns• relative pronounsCorrect Answerindefinite pronounsWhy This Is Correct• Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in a general way.• They do not name a specific person or object.Question 5Fill in the blank:A pronoun is a word that replaces a ________ in a sentence.Answer Choices• verb• direct object• nounCorrect Answernoun

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Study GuideWhy This Is Correct• Pronouns take the place of nouns to avoid repetition.• Example:Sarah lost Sarah’s book→Sarah lostherbook.3.Pronoun CaseCasetells us how a noun or pronoun is used in a sentence. In English, there arethree pronouncases, and each one has a clear job.3.1 The Three Pronoun Cases1. Subjective Case (Nominative)Use thesubjective casewhen the noun or pronoun is thesubject of the verb—the person or thingdoing the action.Examples:•She runs every morning.•He won the race.2. Objective CaseUse theobjective casewhen the noun or pronoun is theobject of a verbor theobject of apreposition.Examples:•The coach praisedhim.(object of the verb)•The gift is forher.(object of the prepositionfor)3. Possessive CaseUse thepossessive caseto showownershipor possession.

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Study GuideExamples:•That isherbook.•The dog waggeditstail.3.2 Pronoun Case vs. Noun CaseWithnouns, case is usually not a problem because nouns look the same whether they are subjectsor objects.Examples:•The frog ate the bee.•The bee stung the frog.The nounsfrogandbeedo not change form, even though their roles change.Some pronouns, however, take different forms depending on whether they are subjects or objects.These pronouns are listed in Table 1.

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Study GuideChoosing the Correct Pronoun CaseSometimes pronouns are trickier.Look at this sentence:Tension existed between Franklin and Winston.Both words are nouns, so there is no confusion.Now look at this version:Tension existed between Franklin and him.You might wonder: should it behimorhe?The Correct Choicehimis correct.Why?The wordbetweenis apreposition, and pronouns that follow prepositions must be in theobjectivecase.Since the pronoun is the object of the prepositionbetween,himis the correct form—nothe.Key Takeaways•Subjective case→ used for subjects•Objective case→ used for objects and after prepositions•Possessive case→ used to show ownership4.Quiz: Pronoun CaseQuestion 1Choose the sentence showing a pronoun in the OBJECTIVE case.Answer Choices• Amber gaveustickets to the baseball game.• Amber and her mother bought tickets to the baseball game.• Amber and I got tickets to the baseball game.

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerAmber gave us tickets to the baseball game.Why This Is Correct•usis the object of the verbgave.• Objective pronouns are used as objects of verbs or prepositions.Question 2Choose the sentence showing a pronoun in the SUBJECTIVE / NOMINATIVE case.Answer Choices• Him and me can finish mowing the lawn this afternoon.• She can finish mowing the lawn this afternoon.• Tell her to finish mowing the lawn this afternoon.Correct AnswerShe can finish mowing the lawn this afternoon.Why This Is Correct•Sheis the subject of the sentence.• Subjective (nominative) pronouns are used as subjects.Question 3When a pronoun is used as a subject in a sentence, it should be in the ________ case.Answer Choices• subjunctive• transitive• subjective / nominative

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