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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank

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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview imageI.A HISTORY OFMODERNPSYCHOLOGYTENTHEDITIONDuane P. SchultzSydney Ellen Schultz(i)
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview imageTable of Contents1.The Study of the History of Psychology12.Philosophical Influences on Psychology303.Physiological Influences onPsychology714.The New Psychology1045.Structuralism1386.Functionalism: Antecedent Influences1657.Functionalism: Development and Founding1978.Applied Psychology: The Legacy of Functionalism2489.Behaviorism: AntecedentInfluences28810.Behaviorism: The Beginnings32111.Behaviorism: After the Founding34912.Gestalt Psychology39513.Psychoanalysis: The Beginnings42914.Psychoanalysis: After the Founding48015.Contemporary Developments inPsychology532Chapter 1The Study of the History of PsychologyTESTBANKESSAY1.Why is it important for psychology students to study the development of psychology?ANS:Answer not provided.PTS:1
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview image2.Argue that Psychology's roots began2000 years ago. Now argue that they began 200 years ago. Whatfields came together to form Psychology?ANS:Answer not provided.PTS:1MSC:WWW3.Define historiography. How do the data of history differ from the data of science? Name and describethe three major difficulties involved in recalling and presenting the data of history.ANS:Answer not provided.PTS:14.Discuss and give one example of each of the contextual forces that influenced the development ofpsychology.ANS:Answer notprovided.PTS:15.Describe, compare, and contrast the personalistic and naturalistic theories as conceptions of scientifichistory. How could the contributions of Darwin be used to illustrate both?ANS:Answer not provided.PTS:1MSC:WWW6.Define "school of thought" and discuss it in terms of Thomas Kuhn's concept of paradigms inscientific evolution.ANS:Answer not provided.PTS:1MULTIPLE CHOICE7.Psychology is unique among the sciences in its requirement that its students ____.a.have a minor in the natural sciencesb.learn the experimental methodc.use carefully controlled observations in its proceduresd.study the history of psychologye.have a liberal arts background in the humanitiesANS:DPTS:1REF:WhyStudy the History of Psychology?8.What conclusions can be drawn from the study of the Invisible Gorilla?
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview imagea.All psychology students can multitask when presented with multiple stimuli at one timeb.Extraordinary events can induce extreme stress when presented to unsuspecting peoplec.It is difficult for people to pay attention to more than one stimulus at a timed.Doing homework and watching television at the same time are as efficient as if the two aredone separatelye.Counting can be adifficult task when one is being watchedANS:CPTS:1REF:The Invisible GorillaMSC:WWW9.Division ____ of the American Psychological Association is concerned with the study of thediscipline's history.a.1b.2c.26d.32e.42ANS:CPTS:1REF:Why Study the History of Psychology?10.In what year was the American Psychological Association founded?a.1892b.1932c.1952d.1969e.1979ANS:APTS:1REF:Why Study the History of Psychology?11.Psychology is marked bydiversity and divisiveness. The one aspect of the discipline that providescohesiveness and a common ground for discourse is its ____.a.reliance on the experimental method in all its researchb.focus on the study of overt behaviorc.use of the hypothetico-deductive methodd.national organizations (APA and APS)e.historyANS:EPTS:1REF:Why Study the History of Psychology?MSC:WWW12.Perhaps the most valuable outcome of the study of the history of psychology is that one will learn the____.a.relationships among psychology's ideas, theories, and research strategiesb.contributions of the classic Greek philosophersc.origins of the experimental methodsd.evolution of the scientist-practitioner model of clinical psychologye.issues at the root of the pure versus applied research conflict in psychologyANS:APTS:1REF:Why Study the History of Psychology?13.According to Schultz & Schultz, a course in the history of psychology is useful because ____.a.it helps us tounderstand why modern psychology has so many different movementsb.it helps to integrate the areas and issues that constitute modern psychologyc.it provides a fascinating story on its ownd.All of the choices are correct
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview imagee.None of thechoices are correctANS:DPTS:1REF:Why Study the History of Psychology?14.As a scientific discipline, psychology is ____.a.one of the newestb.one of the oldestc.the only one to have started in the United Statesd.one of thenewest and one of the oldeste.None of the choices are correctANS:DPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology15.Greek philosophers studied issues involving ____.a.motivationb.abnormal behaviorc.learningd.thoughte.All ofthe choices are correctANS:EPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology16.Modern psychology shares which of the following characteristics with ancient Greek philosophy?a.An interest in the same kinds of questions about human natureb.The development of common methods of research to answer questions about humannaturec.A reliance upon biology to help in the understanding of human natured.The denial that humans are composed of a physical body and a spiritual soule.None of thechoices are correctANS:APTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology17.Modern psychology emerged from philosophy approximately ____ years ago.a.100b.150c.200d.250e.300ANS:CPTS:1REF:The Development ofModern Psychology18.The feature of modern psychology that distinguishes it from its antecedents is its ____.a.methodologyb.focus on learningc.focus on motivationd.focus on abnormal behaviore.use of deductive logicANS:APTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview image19.Until the last quarter of the 19th century, philosophers studied human nature using which of thefollowing methods?a.speculationb.intuitionc.generalizationsd.All of the choices are correct.e.None of the choices are correct.ANS:DPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology20.The new discipline of psychology was the product of the union of ____.a.philosophy and ethicsb.philosophy and physicsc.physics and biologyd.physics and physiologye.philosophy and physiologyANS:EPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology21.The hallmark of psychology's separation from philosophy was its reliance on ____.a.physicsb.biologyc.experimentationd.deductione.psychophysicsANS:CPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern PsychologyMSC:WWW22.Modern psychology differs from philosophy in which of the following ways?a.Modern psychology is concerned with thestudy of mental processes such as learning,memory, and perception. Philosophy is concerned with the study of human nature.b.Modern psychology uses objective methods to study questions. Philosophy depends uponspeculation and intuition in order to answer questions.c.Modern psychology studies only the brain. Philosophy studies only the mind.d.Modern psychology is based upon the use of inductive reasoning. Philosophy is basedupon the use of deductive reasoning.e.None of the choices arecorrect.ANS:BPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology23.Psychology became an independent discipline during the ____.a.Renaissanceb.last quarter of the eighteenth centuryc.last quarter of the nineteenth centuryd.firstdecade of the nineteenth centurye.first decade of the twentieth century
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview imageANS:CPTS:1REF:The Development of Modern Psychology24.The termhistoriographyrefers to ____.a.historical biographyb.methods used in psychological autopsyc.thetechniques, principles, and issues involved in historical researchd.the scientific study of historye.the study of the history of psychologyANS:CPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past25.In contrast to theevents that are studied in science, historical events cannot be ____.a.used to predict future outcomesb.repeatedc.discoveredd.analyzed and explainede.understoodANS:BPTS:1REF:The Data of History: ReconstructingPsychology's Past26.The data of history are most accurately depicted or described as ____.a.public recordsb.private recordsc.eyewitness testimonyd.recollectionse.data fragmentsANS:EPTS:1REF:The Data of History:Reconstructing Psychology's Past27.The approach of the historian of psychology is similar to the approach taken by ____ in the study oftheir field.a.physicistsb.archaeologistsc.chemistsd.economistse.None of the choices arecorrect.ANS:BPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past28.Which psychologist burned his/her own letters, manuscripts, and research notes before s/he died?a.B. F. Skinnerb.John Watsonc.Karen Horneyd.Sigmund Freude.Margaret WashburnANS:BPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview image29.At least one of Freud's biographers downplayed the extent of Freud's cocaine use. This is an exampleof ____.a.suppressed datab.data distorted by translationc.lost datad.errors of eyewitnessese.a misrepresentation intended to protect Freud's reputationANS:EPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past30.An "autobiography" of Jung wasevidently written not by Jung but by an assistant who ____.a.slandered him personallyb.altered and/or deleted some of Jung's writings to present him in a manner suiting hisfamily and followersc.exaggerated the degree of the break betweenFreud and Jungd.expanded Jung's theories and attributed the expansion to Junge.None of the choices are correct.ANS:BPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's PastMSC:WWW31.Important personal papers by ____ havebeen misplaced for decades or more.a.Ebbinghausb.Fechnerc.Darwind.All of the choices are correct.e.None of the choices are correct.ANS:DPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past32.The historicaltreatment of Freud's impact upon psychology is still incomplete because ____.a.he changed his ideas so many timesb.many of his most important works have not been translated into Englishc.many of his papers and letters will not be publicly available until later in the 21stcenturyd.All of the choices are correct.e.None of the choices are correct.ANS:CPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past33.The terms ego and id, which do not precisely representFreud's ideas, are examples of ____.a.suppressed datab.data distorted by translationc.eyewitness errorsd.lost datae.distortions intended to protect Freud's reputationANS:BPTS:1REF:The Data of History: ReconstructingPsychology's Past34.Freud's idea "Einfall" was translated to English into the term ____ which means something other thanwhat Freud implied in the original German.
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview imagea.rationalizationb.free associationc.penis envyd.dream analysise.fixationANS:BPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's PastMSC:WWW35.Skinner's self-discipline as a student and Freud's being ignored and rejected early in his careerindicated that ____.a.biographers disregard the real events in favor of fantasyb.data of history are true in their original versionsc.participants may themselves produce biased accountsd.translations errors account for most misinterpretationse.All of thechoices are correctANS:CPTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past36.To guard against self-serving data and to assess the truth of a person's recollections and reports ofevents in the history of psychology, thehistorian should, whenever possible, ____.a.collect data from other observersb.learn the language in which the person wrotec.read newspaper accounts of the eventsd.read others' research publications of that erae.reconstruct the eventANS:APTS:1REF:The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology's Past37.Regardless of how objective a science and its practitioners are alleged to be, that science will beinfluenced by the ____.a.scientists' political beliefsb.scientists' religious beliefsc.policies of the government that funds that science's researchd.contextual forces of the timee.amount of funding it receivesANS:DPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology38.The term "Zeitgeist"refers to ____.a.the intellectual and cultural climate of the timesb.a German dessertc.the moment of discoveryd.the moment of change in scientific revolutionse.a blizzard of activityANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces inPsychology39.The contextual forces in psychology deal with the ____.a.paradigms that exist in modern psychology.b.social, economic, and political factors that influenced the field.c.great individuals who have developed psychology.d.attempt of psychology to separate itself from other disciplines such as physiology.
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview imagee.None of the choices are correct.ANS:BPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology40.The three contextual forces in the history of psychology were ____.a.economic opportunities, wars, and discriminationb.famine, pestilence, and deathc.theory, research, and applicationd.cognition, motivation, and effecte.social, political, and economicANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces inPsychology41.A surge in the practice of applied psychology occurred in response to the lack of jobs in academicsettings for PhDs. Thus, the development of applied psychology was a direct consequence of the____.a.great number of psychologists Wundt trainedb.political context of Europec.economic context of the United Statesd.fact that the first generation of American psychologists learned all their courses in Germanand thus could not practice Wundt's psychologye.political context ofthe United StatesANS:CPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology42.A wave of employment possibilities in applied psychology in the first two decades of the 20th centurywas partly due to ____.a.700% increases in public school enrollmentb.more money being spent on defense than on educationc.the rise of the Veteran's administration Hospital systemd.less money being spent on education than on defenseand welfare combinede.All of the choices are correctANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology43.Which contextual influence on psychology lead to the growth of psychology in the areas of personnelselection, psychologicaltesting, and engineering psychology?a.Demands generated by the world warsb.Emigration from Germany of the top psychologists when Hitler took powerc.Prosperity of the 1920s and 1930s in the United Statesd.Psychological needs of combat pilotse.Need to provide education for an unexpected surge in the U.S. populationANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology44.On the basis of the destruction associated with World War I, Freud proposed that ____.a.humans have the ability tosurvive any catastropheb.the defense mechanisms are used by humans to distort realityc.humans have an instinct for aggression
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview imaged.the id is stronger than the ego in controlling behaviore.None of the choices are correctANS:CPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology45.According to the textbook, psychology as a discipline has ____.a.engaged in the discriminatory practices that mark American culture as a wholeb.been substantially more discriminatory against women than have other sciencesc.been substantially more discriminatory against minorities than have other sciencesd.focused on the reduction of discrimination since its beginningse.None of the choices are correctANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces inPsychology46.Even when some women were admitted to graduate programs in psychology, they still encounteredmany barriers to their success, such as ____.a.being barred from some laboratory facilitiesb.being prevented from using graduatelibrary facilitiesc.being unable to eat in graduate cafeteriasd.not being allowed to participate in some seminar topicse.All of the choices are correctANS:EPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in PsychologyMSC:WWW47.Asrecently as the 1960s, why were some universities reluctant to admit women to their graduateprograms in psychology?a.Their graduate admission scores were not as high as those of male applicants.b.Their personal lives, in terms of marriage andbecoming pregnant, were viewed asobstacles that reduced the likelihood of completion of graduate school.c.In the opinion of some influential psychologists, some women would never amount toanything.d.There were too many female applicants.e.Their personal lives, in terms of marriage and becoming pregnant, were viewed asobstacles that reduced the likelihood of completion of graduate school and, in the opinionof some influential psychologists, some women would never amount to anything.ANS:EPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology48.Julian Rotter, a leading personality theorist was told that "____ simply could not get academic jobs,regardless of their credentials."a.African-Americansb.womenc.graduates above the age of 50d.Jewse.All of the choices are correct.ANS:DPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview image49.According to your text, it was so difficult for Jewish psychologists to get a job that some resorted to____.a.only applying totraditionally Jewish colleges and universitiesb.changing their religionc.lying about their religiond.changing their name to something that didn't seem Jewishe.None of the choices are trueANS:DPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces inPsychology50.When ____ enrolled as a graduate student at Clark University, the administration arranged a separatedining table for her/him.a.Francis Sumnerb.Margaret Floy Washburnc.Kenneth Clarkd.Mamie Clarke.MaslowANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology51.Kenneth Clark was rejected by the graduate program in psychology at Cornell because the university____.a.could not tolerate Blacks working closely with Whitesb.had no dormitory facilities for Blacksc.had no dining facilities for Blacksd.could not have Black males working with White female graduate studentse.would not confer the PhD on a Black person even if he or she completed the requisitecourseworkANS:APTS:1REF:Contextual Forces inPsychology52.The first African American president of the APA was ____.a.Frances Cecil Sumnerb.Charles Henry Turnerc.Kenneth Clarkd.Mamie Phipps Clarke.None of the choices are correctANS:CPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces inPsychologyMSC:WWW53.Who conducted a research program on racial identity and self-concept issues for Black children thatwas cited in the 1954 Supreme Court decision to end racial segregation in public schools?a.Francis Sumnerb.James Baytonc.Inez Prosserd.Kenneth and Mamie Clarke.none of the choices are correctANS:DPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology54.History ignores the work of the majority of ____.a.womenb.African-Americansc.Jewsd.white men
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview imagee.allpsychologistsANS:EPTS:1REF:Contextual Forces in Psychology55.The _____ theory would support the claim: “Freud was instrumental in discovering psychoanalysis.If not for Freud, no other psychologist would have been able to undercover thehuman psyche.”a.Zeitgeistb.personalisticc.naturalisticd.ortgeiste.evolutionANS:BPTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific HistoryMSC:WWW56."The man makes the times," reflects which view of history?a.panpsychicb.personalisticc.naturalisticd.nativiste.regressiveANS:BPTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific History57.Which theory suggests that “the times make the person”?a.naturalisticb.personalisticc.nativistd.particularistice.panpsychicANS:APTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific History58.Simultaneous discovery favors which view of history?a.dynamicb.personalisticc.naturalisticd.recurrente.syncopatedANS:CPTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific History59.Darwin and Wallace developed similar theories of evolution independently; Newton and Leibnitzdeveloped the calculus independently; Twitmyer discovered "Pavlovian" conditioning before Pavlovdid. Such independent discoveries are attributed to which theory?a.syncopatedb.personalisticc.naturalisticd.Ortgeiste.evolution
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview imageANS:CPTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific History60.In the 1970s, the publication of the research of John Garcia was significantly delayed because ____.a.his workchallenged the cognitive psychology school of thoughtb.his work was regarded as poorly donec.his findings challenged the prevailing view in stimulus-response (S-R) learning theoryd.journal editors tend to accept findings that contradict oroppose current thinkinge.All of the choices are correctANS:CPTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific HistoryMSC:WWW61.The editors and editorial boards of journals in psychology are composed of people eminent in theirspecialty areas andlikely to subscribe to tradition and their own viewpoints. Thus, new knowledgemay not be published if it is revolutionary. This situation illustrates which theory?a.Zeitgeistb.personalisticc.naturalisticd.Ortgeiste.evolutionANS:CPTS:1REF:Conceptions of Scientific History62.In the first years of psychology's emergence as a new discipline, which man determined its direction?a.James McKeen Cattellb.Edward Bradford Titchenerc.The Unknown Soldierd.WilhelmWundte.Thomas KuhnANS:DPTS:1REF:Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology63.A school of thought emerges whenever ____.a.a group shares a theoretical orientation and investigates similar problemsb.some personorganizes and markets several compatible themes or practices, as did Wundtand Watsonc.a group at a particular college or university focuses on a particular problem, such as the"Würzburg school"d.a college or university adopts a particular orientation, such as behaviorism at Harvard orthe "Chicago school" of functionalisme.a college or university adopts a single methodology, such as the experimental psychologyprogram at the University of IllinoisANS:APTS:1REF:Schools of Thought inthe Evolution of Modern Psychology64.The stage in the development of a science when it is still divided into schools of thought is called____.a.paradigmaticb.preparadigmatic
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A History Of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview imagec.revolutionaryd.a scientific revolutione.messyANS:BPTS:1REF:Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology65.Which eminent historian called the process of replacing one paradigm with another a scientificrevolution?a.E.G. Boringb.Gordon Allportc.Duane Schultzd.Thomas Kuhne.John GarciaANS:DPTS:1REF:Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology66.Kuhn (1970) defines a paradigm as ____.a.an instance of agreement on theory and methodology by the science's practitioners.b.a modelthat describes a scientific phenomenon.c.a model that explains a scientific phenomenon.d.the reconciliation of disparate views on the proper subject matter of the field.e.the ultimate goal of any science but which is an ideal and will never berealized.ANS:APTS:1REF:Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology67.In Kuhn's philosophy of science, when Einstein's theory of relativity replaced Galilean-Newtonianphysics, a(n) ____ occurred.a.Zeitgeistb.Ortgeistc.paradigmd.scientific revolutione.school of thoughtANS:DPTS:1REF:Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern PsychologyMSC:WWW68.Currently, psychology ____.a.has reached the paradigmatic stageb.has beendescribed as a sequence of failed paradigmsc.may be more fragmented than at any time in its historyd.has been described as a sequence of failed paradigms and may be more fragmented than atany time in its historye.None of the choices are correct
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