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Psychology Applied To Modern Life: Adjustment In The 21st Century , 11th Edition Test Bank

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    1. The paradox of progress in the textbook refers to the idea that a. for every step forward, we take two steps back. b. despite unparalleled advances in technology, we seem to have more social and personal difficulties. c. our biggest problems now involve making technology work properly. d. technology has prolonged life for many people, causing environmental problems. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECTO 2. In spite of countless timesaving devices—automobiles, telephones, photocopiers, fax machines, and so on—most of us complain about a relative lack of a. time. b. money. c. information. d. work. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECTZ 3. Modern Western society has made extraordinary technological progress a. and, therefore, has seen decreases in social problems. b. but social and personal problems seem more prevalent and more prominent than ever before. c. and, therefore, has seen a boom in time spent engaging in leisure activities. d. but social and personal problems are just as prevalent as they were in the past. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECTS

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    4. According to Schwartz, increased freedom of choice available in modern societies a. has resulted in improved mental health. b. has enhanced tranquility. c. has led to fewer postdecision regrets. d. has contributed to depression and anxiety. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECTI 5. Technology has enabled humankind to exercise unprecedented control over many aspects of the physical world but at the same time has also created serious a. environmental problems. b. microscopic defects. c. medical costs. d. underconsumption. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECTW 6. “Psychobabble” is best defined as a. professional psychological terminology. b. textbook definitions. c. ill-defined terminology. d. technical terminology. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.04 - Describe some common problems with self-help books and what to look for in quality self-help books. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EC4R

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    7. Which of the following should you look for in self-help books? a. Clarity in communication b. Focus on a particular kind of problem c. Some mention of the theoretical or research basis for the advice d. All of the above ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.04 - Describe some common problems with self-help books and what to look for in quality self-help books. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EC3T 8. You can reasonably expect some assistance from a book that is intended to help you to a. lose 20 pounds every month. b. learn to eat more healthily and gradually include more exercise in your weekly routine. c. build muscle overnight. d. find the thin person trapped inside of you. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.04 - Describe some common problems with self-help books and what to look for in quality self-help books. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EC3O 9. This text assumes the key to effective adjustment is to a. take charge of your own life. b. meet problems head-on. c. take an active role in improving the quality of your life. d. all of the above. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.05 - Summarize the philosophy underlying this textbook. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EC3Z

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    10. Which of the following is NOT one of the underlying assumptions of this textbook? a. You can change your behavior only by consulting a professional psychologist. b. The key to effective adjustment is to take charge of your own life. c. Critical thinking involves skeptical scrutiny. d. Knowledge of psychological principles may be of value in everyday life. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.05 - Summarize the philosophy underlying this textbook. KEYWORDS: Conceptual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EC3S 11. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology? a. The study of consciousness b. The study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems c. The study of abnormal behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to diagnosing and treating people with mental illness d. The study of motivation, emotion, and memory ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.06 - Describe the two key facets of psychology. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EC3W 12. “Any overt response or activity by an organism” defines the term a. behavior. b. empiricism. c. psychology. d. mental process. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.06 - Describe the two key facets of psychology. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECNB

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    13. Until the 1950s, psychologists were found almost exclusively in a. private industry. b. academic institutions. c. mental health facilities. d. the psychiatric wards of hospitals. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.06 - Describe the two key facets of psychology. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBA 14. Clinical psychology is primarily concerned with a. discovering the mechanisms of learning. b. the physiological processes involved in behavior. c. research dealing with the structure of consciousness. d. the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.06 - Describe the two key facets of psychology. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECNG 15. The rapid growth of clinical psychology was stimulated mainly by a. the demands of World War II. b. the growing interest in self-help approaches. c. the inability of physicians to cure most psychological disorders. d. psychological problems resulting from the Great Depression of the 1930s. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.06 - Describe the two key facets of psychology. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECNF

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    16. The term __________ refers to the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life. a. adaptation b. adjustment c. personality d. mental health ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.07 - Explain the concept of adjustment. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECNR 17. The process of adjustment relates to a. how people deal with stress. b. behavior in groups. c. friendship and love. d. all of the above. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.07 - Explain the concept of adjustment. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECND 18. ______________ is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation. a. Self-help b. Codependence c. Empiricism d. Subjectivism ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.08 - Explain the nature of empiricism and the advantages of the scientific approach to behavior. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBU 19. Which of the following is the basis of empiricism? a. Correlation b. Logic c. Systematic observation d. Common sense ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.08 - Explain the nature of empiricism and the advantages of the scientific approach to behavior. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBT

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    20. Compared to other methods of drawing conclusions about behavior, the major advantages of the scientific approach are a. emphasis on empiricism; subjectivity. b. bias; ability to generalize the findings. c. clarity and precision; relative intolerance of error. d. freedom to make value judgments; use of statistics. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.08 - Explain the nature of empiricism and the advantages of the scientific approach to behavior. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBO 21. According to your text, the two main types of research methods in psychology are ______ research methods and ______ research methods. a. biased; unbiased b. experimental; control c. dependent; independent d. experimental; correlational ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.08 - Explain the nature of empiricism and the advantages of the scientific approach to behavior. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBZ 22. An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ______variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ______ variable as a result. a. control; experimental b. experimental; control c. independent; dependent d. dependent; independent ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBS

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    23. Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that increases in anxiety would cause increases in desire to be with others. In this study, the independent variable was a. level of anxiety. b. desire to be with others. c. anxious subjects. d. affiliation. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBI 24. A condition or event that an experimenter varies to see its impact on another variable is called a(n) ______ variable. a. control b. dependent c. independent d. experimental ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECBW 25. A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is a. the children. b. the type of diet. c. the age of the children. d. a measure of learning. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECKB

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    26. An experimental group consists of subjects who a. are unaware of the purpose of the study. b. merely act as if they are unaware of the purpose. c. receive some special treatment in regard to the dependent variable. d. receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJA 27. A control group consists of subjects who a. are controlled by the experimenter. b. are allowed to control the manipulation of the variables. c. do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group. d. receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECKG 28. The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for the a. number of subjects in each group. b. variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable. c. assumptions underlying the research question. d. method of measuring the dependent variable. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECKF

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    29. Dr. Prather randomly assigns 100 student volunteers who experience test anxiety to either a group that will receive training in relaxation exercises or a group that will sit in a waiting area for the same length of time as those learning relaxation. Based on her results, Dr. Prather will have evidence of a. how well relaxation exercises works in the treatment of various mood disorders. b. how students with test anxiety behave in a classroom setting. c. how effective the waiting time is. d. whether or not relaxation exercises may cause an alleviation of symptoms of test anxiety. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJ1 30. Which of the following best describes correlational research? a. Exerting experimental control b. Manipulating an independent variable c. Manipulating a dependent variable d. Making systematic observations ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJT 31. A correlation exists when a. two variables are related to each other. b. two variables have the same underlying cause. c. two variables are affected by a third variable. d. a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJO

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    32. A(n) ___________ is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables. a. independent variable b. correlation coefficient c. survey coefficient d. experimental coefficient ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJZ 33. A correlation coefficient indicates the __________ and the ___________ of the relationship between two variables. a. cause; effect b. control; manipulation c. strength; direction d. positive; negative ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJS 34. A positive correlation coefficient indicates the two variables covary in the __________, and a negative coefficient indicates that the variables covary ____________. a. same direction; in the opposite direction b. opposite direction; directly c. same direction; directly d. opposite direction; in the same direction ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-ECJW

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    35. Mario found a +0.80 correlation coefficient between height and diet. He was able to conclude that a. a particular diet causes people to grow. b. people who are taller eat more. c. there is a strong relationship between height and diet. d. people should be careful what they feed their children because it could stunt their growth. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP1N 36. The textbook author writes “...people who perform poorly in high school tend to perform poorly in college” as an example of a(n) a. positive correlation. b. negative correlation. c. inverse correlation. d. indirect correlation. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP1B 37. A correlation coefficient of -0.80 indicates a a. mild, inverse correlation. b. strong, inverse correlation. c. strong, direct correlation. d. nonexistent correlation. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPT3

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    38. Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables? a. -0.36 b. -0.97 c. +0.75 d. +0.15 ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Conceptual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPTA 39. When temperatures rise during summer in the desert, the amount of outdoor activities declines. This relationship is an example of a. a positive correlation. b. a negative correlation. c. cause and effect. d. an experiment . ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP1G 40. A teacher takes notes while watching students on the playground to see if differences in play behavior are associated with discipline problems in class. The teacher is using which of the following research methods? a. Survey b. Case study c. Experimentation d. Naturalistic observation ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.11 - Describe three correlational research methods. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP1R

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    41. In a case study, a. an individual participant is studied in depth. b. systematic observation is used to see if a link exists between variables. c. behavior is carefully observed without intervening directly with subjects. d. a variable is manipulated while another variable is observed for changes. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.11 - Describe three correlational research methods. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP1D 42. Case studies a. provide strong bases for developing laws of behavior. b. can provide general conclusions through consistencies between cases. c. are of little use when treating and diagnosing psychological problems. d. all of the above. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.11 - Describe three correlational research methods. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPTU 43. A researcher gives you a questionnaire to fill out about your attitudes on abortion, school prayer, and drug legalization. This researcher is using which of the following research methods? a. Experimental b. Case study c. Survey d. Naturalistic observation ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.11 - Describe three correlational research methods. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPT1

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    44. The “third variable” problem is associated with the a. experimental method. b. correlational method. c. multivariate model. d. placebo effect. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.12 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of experimental and control groups. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPTS 45. Empirical surveys consistently find that the vast majority of respondents characterize themselves as a. fairly happy. b. very unhappy. c. moderately unhappy. d. unconcerned about their personal happiness. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.13 - Identify the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPTI 46. Research results suggest that which of the following is NOT very important in determining one’s happiness? a. Parenthood b. Age c. Money d. None of the above is very important ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.13 - Identify the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPTW

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    47. Which of the following best characterizes the correlation between attractiveness and subjective feelings of happiness? a. Negligible b. Negative, but weak c. Positive, but weak d. Positive and strong ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.13 - Identify the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP4N 48. Research indicates that a. people with high IQs are happier than people with low IQs. b. people with low IQs are happier than people with high IQs. c. there is no association between IQ and happiness. d. people with really high IQs and really low IQs are not as happy as people with average IQs. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.13 - Identify the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP4B 49. Research indicates that people who have heartfelt religious convictions are a. more likely to be happy than people who are non-religious. b. less happy than people who are non-religious. c. neither more nor less happy than people who are non-religious. d. less happy than people who are non-religious because they have less community support. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.14 - Describe the factors that are somewhat or very important to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP33

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    50. Which of the following is the best description of the relationship between health and happiness? a. Good health may not, by itself, produce happiness, because people tend to take good health for granted. b. Good health is one of the best predictors of happiness. c. Individuals who develop serious health problems have difficulty adjusting and therefore are less happy than those who are healthy. d. People born with serious health problems are happier than others because they do not take their health for granted. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.14 - Describe the factors that are somewhat or very important to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP3A 51. All of the following appear to have a moderate impact on subjective feelings of well-being EXCEPT a. health. b. physical attractiveness. c. religious belief. d. social activity. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.14 - Describe the factors that are somewhat or very important to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP4G 52. Which of the following is very important to overall happiness? a. Culture b. Marriage c. Income d. Physical attractiveness ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.14 - Describe the factors that are somewhat or very important to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP4F

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    53. Research indicates that a. married men are happier than married women. b. married women are happier than married men. c. both married men and women are happier than single or divorced men and women. d. both single and divorced men and women are happier than married men and women. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.14 - Describe the factors that are somewhat or very important to happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP4R 54. The authors suggest that we should be careful about drawing conclusions about causes of happiness because they a. would not be based on empirical evidence. b. would be based on experimental data. c. would be based on correlational data. d. have been found to be invalid by some researchers. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.15 - Summarize conclusions about the determinants of happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP4D 55. An important insight that can be drawn from the research on happiness is that a. money can buy happiness. b. attractive people are generally happy people. c. objective realities are not as important as subjective feelings. d. collectivist cultures are happier than individualistic cultures. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.15 - Summarize conclusions about the determinants of happiness. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP3U

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    56. ______________ occurs when people shift their own mental scale for judging pleasantness and unpleasantness. a. Codependency b. Empiricism c. Subjectivism d. Hedonic adaptation ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.15 - Summarize conclusions about the determinants of happiness. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP31 57. A good place to study is one a. where you can listen to music while studying. b. that changes occasionally, to provide variety. c. that is associated with pleasant activities, like eating. d. that minimizes demands on your willpower to avoid distractions. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.16 - List three steps for developing sound study habits. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP3O 58. In setting up a schedule for studying, you should a. allow time for study breaks. b. develop a new set of priorities each day. c. try to get the simple, routine tasks out of the way first. d. avoid the temptation to break up major assignments into smaller parts. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.16 - List three steps for developing sound study habits. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP3S

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    59. In order for your reading to be effective, it must be done a. with a lot of highlighting. b. by active processing. c. by ignoring the chapter outline. d. by skipping over the textbook learning aids. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP3I 60. Which of the following is NOT involved in improving your reading? a. Read the chapter straight through repeatedly. b. Consult the chapter outline or summary. c. Look over the topic headings in a chapter. d. Highlight the main ideas and technical terms. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EP3W 61. Which of the following is consistent with the information presented in the textbook regarding class attendance? a. Among successful students (grade average B or better), class attendance did not seem to matter. b. Among unsuccessful students (grade average C- or below), class attendance did not seem to matter. c. Even when an instructor delivers hard-to-follow lectures, it is important for all students to go to class. d. It is only important for all students to go to class when instructors provide well-organized lectures. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPNN

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    62. Most students record less than ______ of the crucial ideas in a lecture. a. 90% b. 70% c. 40% d. 10% ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPNB 63. Which one of the following is NOT included in active listening? a. Focusing attention on the speaker b. Asking those around you for clarification c. Anticipating what is coming next in the lecture d. Paying attention to the speaker ’ s nonverbal signals ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPB3 64. When course material is especially difficult, it is a good idea to prepare for lectures by a. reading ahead on the subject of the lecture. b. asking fellow classmates to explain the material to you. c. writing down questions that you can ask the instructor later. d. writing down exact words the instructor says. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPBA

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    65. A good reason for taking notes in your own words, rather than verbatim, is that a. most lecturers ramble and are difficult to follow. b. most lecturers use words you will not understand. c. this reduces the likelihood that you will later engage in plagiarism. d. this forces you to organize the information in a way that makes sense to you. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Conceptual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPNG 66. When a question occurs to you during a lecture, you should a. ask it during class. b. ask a classmate about it after class. c. write it down and ask the instructor after class. d. not ask it, since this would interrupt the lecturer. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPNF 67. Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for getting more out of lectures? a. Ask questions in class. b. Listen actively to the lecture. c. Pay attention to the instructor ’ s nonverbal signals. d. Try to use the instructor ’ s words when taking notes in class. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPNR

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    68. Overlearning refers to continued practice of material after you have a. completed your study plan. b. already passed the relevant test. c. apparently mastered the material. d. become exhausted from studying. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPND 69. Cramming before a test will most likely a. be the only way to accomplish deep processing. b. be less effective than distributed practice. c. be more effective than taking practice tests. d. increase the efficiency of your memory. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPBU 70. A useful study technique that helps to organize information is a. outlining reading assignments. b. studying with a group of students. c. underlining important points in textbooks. d. memorizing the order of chapter headings. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPBT

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    71. Mnemonic devices are techniques for a. enhancing memory. b. improving class attendance. c. developing a study plan. d. becoming an active listener. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPBS 72. Using "Roy G Biv" to remember the order of colors in the light spectrum is an example of how ______ can help us remember information. a. acrostics b. acronyms c. overlearning d. visual imagery ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPBI 73. Using "Every good boy does fine" to remember the order of musical notes is an example of how ______ can help us remember information. a. acrostics b. acronyms c. overlearning d. visual imagery ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPBW 74. The loci method is a mnemonic device that involves a. making up a logical story. b. inventing a useful acronym. c. memorizing a simple poem. d. taking a make-believe walk where you associate images of items you want to remember. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPKN

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    75. Psychology confines itself to the study of human behavior. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychology of Adjustment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.06 - Describe the two key facets of psychology. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPKG 76. One advantage of the scientific method is its relative intolerance of error. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.08 - Explain the nature of empiricism and the advantages of the scientific approach to behavior. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPKF 77. According to research, many commonsense notions about happiness appear to be accurate. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.03 - Provide some examples of people's search for direction. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPKD 78. In general, women are less happy than men; this is evident in the statistics indicating that women are treated for depression about twice as often as men. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.03 - Provide some examples of people's search for direction. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJU

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    79. In taking lecture notes, you should take down everything exactly as said by your professor. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.17 - Discuss some strategies for improved reading comprehension and getting more out of lectures. KEYWORDS: Conceptual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJ1 80. People tend to overestimate their knowledge of a topic. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.18 - Describe various study strategies that can aid memory. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJT 81. Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and give an example to illustrate your point. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJO 82. What are the main qualities to look for and two of the problems to avoid when choosing a good self-help book? ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Search for Direction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.04 - Describe some common problems with self-help books and what to look for in quality self-help books. NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJZ 83. List and briefly describe two advantages of the scientific approach. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.08 - Explain the nature of empiricism and the advantages of the scientific approach to behavior. QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJS

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    84. Define and explain the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in a psychological experiment using an example. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.09 - Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJI 85. Explain the difference between a positive and negative correlation in correlational research using examples. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.10 - Distinguish between positive and negative correlation, and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-EPJW 86. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of correlational research methods in psychology? ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Scientific Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.12 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of experimental and control groups. QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-KOKN 87. Define subjective well-being and describe methodology to empirically analyze its determinants. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.13 - Identify the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-KOKB 88. List and describe three factors that are surprisingly NOT related to happiness. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.13 - Identify the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-KOJ3

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    89. List and briefly describe several factors that have been found to be somewhat or very important determinants of happiness. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.14 - Describe the factors that are somewhat or very important to happiness. NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-KOJA 90. Briefly describe at least three strategies for learning more from your class lectures and studying. ANSWER: Answer not provided REFERENCES: APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.16 - List three steps for developing sound study habits. QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GCHR-KOKG 91. Bridget went to the store and found there were 93 different shampoos for her to choose from. According to the textbook, she is likely to experience a. choice overload. b. postdecision regret. c. a depletion of mental resources. d. all of the above. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.04 - Describe some common problems with self-help books and what to look for in quality self-help books. KEYWORDS: Conceptual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GC5U-YTBZ 92. The range of life choices has a. barely changed in the past century. b. made life much easier for everyone. c. increased in recent decades. d. decreased in recent decades. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.04 - Describe some common problems with self-help books and what to look for in quality self-help books. KEYWORDS: Conceptual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-GC5U-YTBI

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    93. The technological advances of the past century, impressive though they may be, have not led to perceptible improvement in our collective health and happiness. This issue is known as the a. approach-avoidance conflict. b. paradox of progress. c. self-realization dilemma. d. correlation limitation. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-ETND-1PBS 94. Modern technology has gradually provided us with a. less control in our lives. b. lower costs financially and within our personal lives as well. c. unprecedented control over the world around us. d. improved mental health and happiness. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-ETNR-RTKD 95. With regard to our environment, modern technology a. has improved our resource allocation. b. provides the answers to overconsumption and waste. c. has caused food production to decrease. d. had a devastating negative impact. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.01 - Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-ETNR-RTJU

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    96. Many social critics believe that the quality of our lives a. has increased and our sense of personal fulfillment has declined. b. has decreased and our sense of personal fulfillment has increased. c. and our sense of personal fulfillment have declined. d. and our sense of personal fulfillment have increased. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.02 - Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theorists have explained it. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-ETNR-RTJ1 97. Alvin Toffler attributes our collective alienation and distress in modern technological society to a. being in over our heads and insecure with excessive materialism. b. our being overwhelmed by rapidly accelerating cultural change. c. having too much control over the world around us. d. needing to reinvent ourselves to quell anxieties. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.02 - Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theorists have explained it. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-ETNR-RTJT 98. With technology such as Facebook available, Americans report a. more friends than ever before. b. a sense of loneliness and isolation related to the superficial communication in the online world. c. a decreased number of people suffering from an intimacy deficit. d. we spend more time with each other instead of with technology. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Paradox of Progress LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYC.WEIT.11.01.02 - Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theorists have explained it. KEYWORDS: Factual NOTES: New QUESTION ID: JFND-GTB3-ETNR-RTJO

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