Skip to content
Exam Guides

Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century 10th Edition Test Bank

Study smarter with Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century 10th Edition Test Bank, covering high-yield topics, revision notes, and exam-style questions.

Preview 16 of 454 pages

See the first 16 pages exactly as they appear in the document.

  1. Page 1
    Read page 1 as text

    iii TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Author iv Preface v Chapter 1: Adjusting to Modern Life 1 Chapter 2: Theories of Personality 28 Chapter 3: Stress and Its Effects 59 Chapter 4: Coping Processes 90 Chapter 5: Ps ychology and Physical Health 119 Chapter 6: The Self 147 Chapter 7: Social Thinking and Social Influence 174 Chapter 8: Interpersonal Communication 202 Chapter 9: Friendship and Love 229 Chapter 10: Marriage and Intimate Relationships 256 Chapter 11: Gender and Behavior 283 Chapter 12: Development and Expression of Sexuality 312 Chapter 13: Careers and Work 340 Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders 367 Chapter 15: Psychotherapy 395 Chapter 16: Positive Psychology 422

  2. Page 2
  3. Page 3
    Read page 3 as text

    iv ABOUT THE AUTHOR Joan Thomas - Spiegel, Ph.D., earned her doctorate in Educational Psychology with Academic Emphasis from Capella University, her M.A. and B.A. in Psychology from California State University, Long Beach, and her A.A. in Psychology from Los Angeles Harbor Community College. Dr. Thomas - Spiegel teaches a wide variety of psychology courses, such as general psychology, biopsychology, lifespan, abnormal, and research in community college and university levels. She has served on the Board of the National Council on Alcoholism, and worked in the fields of mental health, substance abuse, and research. Her primary interest s are increasing learning in her own classes and continuing research in education.

  4. Page 4
    Read page 4 as text

    v PREFACE Each chapter of this Test Bank begins with a list of learning objectives. These are the same learning objectives that can be found in the main text, the Instructor’s Manual, and the Study Guide. Every question includes the correct answer, main text page reference, corresponding learning objective, question - type, and difficulty. New questions to this edition of the test bank are indicated by NOT: New . Multiple - choice questions that are available on the web site are integrated in the test bank and marked as MSC: WWW . Toward the end of every chapter, you will see “multiple - choice questions from the study guide.” Ten questions are pulled from each study guide chapter and put into this test bank so that you may use some of the study questions on your exams. A great way to reward students who utilize their study guide throughout the course is to present them with questions they have already encountered. Students should utilize the companion website at www .cengage.com/ psychology/w eiten , specifically the tutorial quiz for each chapter on the website. Finally, you will come to the true/false questions and the short answ er questions. N ote that the short answer questions do not include co rrect answers and question - type. The full Test Bank is also available electronically on the PowerLecture with JoinIn ™ and Examview ® CD.

  5. Page 5
  6. Page 6
    Read page 6 as text

    1 Chapter 1 ADJUSTING TO MODERN LIFE LEARNING OBJECTIVES The Paradox of Progress 1. Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. 2. Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theorists have explained it. The Search for Direction 3. Provide some examples of people’s search for direction. 4. Describe four problems that are common in popular self - help books. 5. Summarize advice about what to look for in quality self - help books. 6. Summarize the philosophy underlying this textbook. The Psychology of Adjustment 7. Describe the two key facets of psychology. 8. Explain the concept of adjustment. The Scientific Approach to Behavior 9. Explain the nature of empiricism. 10. Explain two advantages of the scientific approach to understanding behavior. 11. Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. 12. Distinguish between positive and negative correlation , and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. 13. Describe three correlational research methods. 14. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of experimental versus correlational research. The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis 15. Discuss the prevalence of reported happiness in modern society. 16. List the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. 17. Expla in how health, social activity, religion , and culture are related to happiness. 18. Discuss how love, work, genetics, and personality are related to happiness. 19. Summarize the conclusions drawn about the determinants of happiness. APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance 20. List three steps for developing sound study habits. 21. D iscuss some strategies for improving reading comprehension. 22. Summarize advice on how to get more out of lectures. 23. Summarize how memory is influenced by practice, organization , and depth of processing . 24. Describe several mnemonic devices that can aid memory .

  7. Page 7
    Read page 7 as text

    2 LEARNING OBJECTIVE Item Number 1. Describe three examples of the paradox of progress. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, SG1, TF1, SA1 2. Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theorists have explained it. 6, 7, SA1 3. Provide some examples of people’s search for direction. 8, 9, 10, SG2 4. Describe four problems that are common in popular self - help books. 11, 12, 13, TF2 5. Summarize advice about what to look for in quality self - help books. 14, 15, 16, 17, SA2 6. Summarize the philosophy underlying this textbook. 18, 19, 20, SG3, TF3 7. Describe the two key facets of psychology. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, SG4, TF4 8. Explain the concept of adjustment. 28, 29 9. Explain the nature of empiricism. 30, 31, 32 10. Explain two advantages of the scientific approach to understanding behavior. 33, TF5, SA3 11. Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables and between experimental and control groups. 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, SG5, SA4 12. Distinguish between positive and negative correlation , and explain what the size of a correlation coefficient means. 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, SG6, TF6 13. Describe three correlational research methods. 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, SG7, SA5 14. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of experimental versus correlational research. 65, 66, 67, SA6 15. Discuss the prevalence of reported happiness in modern society. 68, SA7 16. List the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness. 69, 70, 71, SG8, TF7, TF8, SA8 17. Explain how health, social activity, religion , and culture are related to happiness. 72, 73, 74 18. Discuss how love, work, genetics, and personality are related to happiness. 75, 76, SG9, SA9 19. Summarize the conclusions drawn about the determinants of happiness. 77, 78, 79, 80 20. List three steps for developing sound study habits. 81, 82, 83, SG10, TF9, SA10 21. D iscuss some strategies for improving reading comprehension. 84, 85, SA10 22. Summarize advice on how to get more out of lectures. 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, SA10 23. Summarize how memory is influenced by practice, organization, and depth of processing. 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, TF10, SA10 24. Describe several mnemonic devices that can aid memory. 100, 101, 102, SA10 Key: Multiple - Choice question numbers appear first, followed by Study Guide question numbers (SG), True/False (TF), and Short Answer (SA).

  8. Page 8
    Read page 8 as text

    3 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Modern technology has provided us with many time - saving devices, but a. most of us don’t use them. b. they cost too much for most of us. c. they never seem to work as advertised. d. we still complain about not having enough time. ANS: d REF : 1 OBJ: 1 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Easy 2. In spite of countless time - saving devices — automobiles, telephones, photocopiers, fax machines, and so on — most of us complain about a relative lack of a. time. b. money. c. information. d. work. ANS: a REF : 1 OBJ: 1 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Easy 3. Modern Western society has made extraordinary technological progress a. and therefore, has seen decreases in social problems. b. but social and personal problems seem more prevalent and more prominent than ever before. c. and therefore, has seen a boom in time spent engaging in leisure activities. d. but social and personal problems are just as prevalent as they were in the past. ANS: b REF : 1 OBJ: 1 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 4. According to Schwartz, increased freedom of choice available in modern societies a. has resulted in improved mental health. b. has enhanced tranquility . c. has led to fewer postdecision regrets . d. has contributed to depression and anxiety . ANS: d REF : 1 OBJ: 1 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate NOT: New 5. Technology has enabled humankind to exercise unprecedented control over many aspects of the physical world but at the same time has also created serious a. environmental problems. b. microscopic defects. c. medical costs. d. under - consumption. ANS: a REF : 2 OBJ: 1 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate

  9. Page 9
    Read page 9 as text

    4 6. __________________ refers to the idea that technological advances have NOT led to perceptible improvement in our collective health and happiness. a. Information anxiety b. Technology overload c. The paradox of progress d. The point/counterpoint phenomenon ANS: c REF : 2 OBJ: 2 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate 7. Many theorists believe that the basic challenge of modern life has become the search for a. cultural significance. b. a healthy leisure activity. c. meaning or a sense of direction. d. a significant other to share one's life. ANS: c REF : 2 MSC: WWW OBJ: 2 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 8. According to social critics, all of the following are examples of the search for direction gone awry except a. enrollment in “self - realization” programs. b. the desire to spend more time with loved ones. c. joining cults and unorthodox religious groups. d. the popularity of media figures such as Dr. Laura. ANS: b REF : 4 - 5 OBJ: 3 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 9. Most experts characterize "self - realization" programs (e.g., est training, Silva Mind Control) as a. intellectually stimulating. b. intellectually bankrupt. c. spiritually revitalizing. d. spiritually self - defeating. ANS: b REF : 4 OBJ: 3 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 10. While the famous radio talk show host Dr. Laura is a licensed Marriage, Family, and Child Counselor, she holds a doctoral degree in a. psychology. b. social work. c. physiology. d. psychiatry. ANS: c REF : 5 OBJ: 3 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy

  10. Page 10
    Read page 10 as text

    5 11. Surveys exploring psychotherapists’ opinions of self - help books suggest a. there are some excellent books that offer authentic insight and sound advice. b. there are some good books that offer adequate insight and advice. c. there are some excellent books that offer good general advice , but very few that offer good specific advice for particular problems. d. psychotherapists don’t endorse the use of self - help books because it’s bad for business. ANS: a REF : 6 OBJ: 4 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 12. “Psychobabble” is best defined as a. professional psychological terminology . b. textbook definitions. c. ill - defined terminology. d. technical terminology. ANS: c REF : 7 OBJ: 4 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy NOT: New 1 3 . Many self - help books a. encourage a narcissistic approach to life . b. encourage a focus on other people . c. place others first, over the reader . d. encourage self - effacement . ANS: a REF : 7 OBJ: 4 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate NOT: New 1 4 . In order to evaluate self - help books for ourselves, we may employ critical thinking. Which of the following is NOT a critical thinking guideline? a. Examine the evidence . b. Analyze biases and assumptions . c. Use emotional reasoning . d. Tolerate uncertainty. ANS: c REF : 10 OBJ: 5 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 1 5 . A high - quality self - help book will a. give advice on a wide range of problems. b. be based primarily on the author’s speculations about human nature. c. not promise too much in the way of immediate change. d. always contain detailed summaries of research supporting the advice given. ANS: c REF : 8 OBJ: 5 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate

  11. Page 11
    Read page 11 as text

    6 1 6 . Which of the following should you look for in self - help books? a. C larity in communication b. Focus on a particular kind of problem c. S ome mention of the theoretical or research basis for the advice d. A ll of the se ANS: d REF : 8 OBJ: 5 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Easy NOT: New 17 . You can reasonably expect some assistance from a book that is intended to help you to a. lose 20 pounds every month. b. learn to eat more healthily and gradually include more exercise in your weekly routine. c. build muscle overnight. d. find the thin person trapped inside of you. ANS: b REF : 8 - 9 OBJ: 5 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Difficult 18. This text assumes the key to effective adjustment is to a. take charge of your own life. b. meet problems head - on. c. take an active role in improving the quality of your life. d. all of these. ANS: d REF: 10 OBJ: 6 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate NOT: New 19 . Which of the following is NOT one of the underlying assumptions of this textbook? a. You can only change your behavior by consulting a professional psychologist . b. The key to effective adjustment is to take charge of your own life. c. Critical thinking involves a skeptical attitude. d. Knowledge of psychological principles may be of value in everyday life. ANS: a REF: 9 - 10 OBJ: 6 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate NOT: New 2 0 . Which of the following are essential guidelines for thinking critically? 1. Define the problem. 2. Avoid emotional reasoning. 3. Analyze biases and assumptions. 4. Use either - or thinking. a. 1 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 1, 2, and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 ANS: c REF : 1 0 OBJ: 6 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Easy

  12. Page 12
    Read page 12 as text

    7 21. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology? a. T he study of consciousness b. T he study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems c. T he study of abnormal behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to diagnosing and treating people with mental illness d. T he study of motivation, emotion, and memory ANS: b REF : 1 0 MSC: WWW OBJ: 7 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 22. Which of the following is the best example of “overt” activity? a. E ating b. T hinking c. D reaming d. R easoning ANS: a REF : 1 0 OBJ: 7 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate 2 3 . "Any overt response or activity by an organism" defines the term a. behavior. b. empiricism. c. psychology. d. mental process. ANS: a REF : 1 0 MSC: WWW OBJ: 7 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 2 4 . Some psychologists prefer to study animals rather than humans mainly because a. animal subjects tend to be more cooperative than humans. b. it's easier to control the factors influencing animals' behavior. c. researchers do not have to worry about causing discomfort to animals. d. most animals are unable to figure out the hypotheses for a particular study. ANS: b REF : 1 0 - 11 OBJ: 7 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate 2 5 . Until the 1950s, psychologists were found almost exclusively in a. private industry. b. academic institutions. c. mental health facilities. d. the psychiatric wards of hospitals. ANS: b REF : 1 1 OBJ: 7 KEY: Factual DIF: Difficult

  13. Page 13
    Read page 13 as text

    8 2 6 . Clinical psychology is primarily concerned with a. discovering the mechanisms of learning. b. the physiological processes involved in behavior. c. research dealing with the structure of consciousness. d. the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems. ANS: d REF : 1 1 MSW: WWW OBJ: 7 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 2 7 . The rapid growth of clinical psychology was stimulated mainly by a. the demands of World War II. b. growing interest in self - help approaches. c. the inability of physicians to cure most psychological disorders. d. psychological problems resulting from the Great Depression of the 1930s. ANS: a REF : 1 1 OBJ: 7 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 28 . The term __________ refers to the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life. a. adaptation b. adjustment c. personality d. mental health ANS: b REF : 1 1 OBJ: 8 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 29. The process of adjustment relates to a. how people deal with stress. b. behavior in groups. c. friendship and love. d. all of these. ANS: d REF: 11 OBJ: 8 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate NOT: New 30 . ______________ is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation. a. Self - help b. Codependence c. Empiricism d. Subjectivism ANS: c REF : 12 OBJ: 9 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy

  14. Page 14
    Read page 14 as text

    9 31 . Which of the following does NOT represent an empirical technique? a. W atching people engage in a learning activity b. W eighing rats after two months of a special diet c. G auging the speed with which a patient performs a fine motor activity d. S peculating about the factors that are related to human happiness ANS: d REF : 1 2 OBJ: 9 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate 32 . Which of the following is the basis of empiricism? a. C orrelation b. L ogic c. S ystematic observation d. C ommon sense ANS: c REF : 1 2 MSC: WWW OBJ: 9 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Easy 3 3 . Compared to other methods of drawing conclusions about behavior, the major advantages of the scientific approach are a. emphasis on empiricism; subjectivity. b. bias; ability to generalize the findings. c. clarity and precision; relative intolerance of error. d. freedom to make value judgments; use of statistics. ANS: c REF : 1 2 OBJ: 10 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 3 4 . According to your text, the two main types of research methods in psychology are ______ research methods and ______ research methods. a. biased; unbiased b. experimental; control c. dependent; independent d. experimental; correlational ANS: d REF : 1 2 OBJ: 1 1 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 3 5 . An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ______variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ______ variable as a result. a. control; experimental b. experimental; control c. independent; dependent d. dependent; independent ANS: c REF : 1 2 OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate

  15. Page 15
    Read page 15 as text

    10 3 6 . Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that increases in anxiety would cause increases in desire to be with others. In this study, the independent variable was a. level of anxiety. b. desire to be with others. c. anxious subjects. d. affiliation. ANS: a REF : 1 2 OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 37 . A condition or event that an experimenter varies to see its impact on another variable is called a(n) ______ variable. a. control b. dependent c. independent d. experimental ANS: c REF : 1 2 MSC: WWW OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 38 . A measurement of some aspect of the subject’s behavior after the experimental manipulation is called a(n) ______ variable. a. control b. dependent c. independent d. experimental ANS: b REF : 1 2 OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 39 . A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is a. the children. b. the type of diet. c. the age of the children. d. a measure of learning. ANS: b REF : 1 2 OBJ: 11 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate 40 . A researcher wants to examine the effects of caffeine consumption on memory ability. In this study, the dependent variable is a. the children. b. memory ability. c. caffeine consumption. d. the grade level of the children. ANS: b REF : 1 2 OBJ: 11 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate

  16. Page 16
    Read page 16 as text

    11 41 . An experimental group consists of subjects who a. are unaware of the purpose of the study. b. merely act as if they are unaware of the purpose. c. receive some special treatment in regard to the dependent variable. d. receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. ANS: d REF : 1 3 MSC: WWW OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 42 . A control group consists of subjects who a. are controlled by the experimenter. b. are allowed to control the manipulation of the variables. c. do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group. d. receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. ANS: c REF : 1 3 OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Easy 43 . The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for a. the number of subjects in each group. b. the variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable. c. the assumptions underlying the research question. d. the method of measuring the dependent variable. ANS: b REF : 1 3 OBJ: 11 KEY: Factual DIF: Moderate 4 4 . Suppose a researcher wants to know whether a high - protein diet causes children to learn better in school. Half of the children in the study eat a high - protein diet while the other half eats their normal diet. The control group consists of the a. male children. b. older children. c. children who eat their normal diet. d. children who eat the high protein diet. ANS: c REF : 1 3 OBJ: 11 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate 4 5 . The logic of the experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that a. two variables are positively correlated. b. experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independent variable. c. experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the dependent variable. d. the independent variable is quantifiable and measurable. ANS: b REF : 1 3 OBJ: 11 KEY: Conceptual DIF: Moderate

438 more pages in the full document

Unlock it once and it stays in your library, ready to chat with or turn into flashcards.

Unlock the full document

More Psychology study materials

See all

Study this document with CramX

Once it is in your library, every tool can work from it.