Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century 10th Edition Test Bank

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iiiTABLE OF CONTENTSAbout the AuthorivPrefacevChapter 1:Adjusting to Modern Life1Chapter 2:Theories of Personality28Chapter 3:Stress and Its Effects59Chapter 4:Coping Processes90Chapter 5:Psychology and Physical Health119Chapter 6:The Self147Chapter 7:Social Thinking and Social Influence174Chapter 8:Interpersonal Communication202Chapter 9:Friendship and Love229Chapter 10:Marriage and Intimate Relationships256Chapter 11:Gender and Behavior283Chapter 12:Development and Expression of Sexuality312Chapter 13:Careers and Work340Chapter 14:PsychologicalDisorders367Chapter 15:Psychotherapy395Chapter 16:Positive Psychology422

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ivABOUT THE AUTHORJoan Thomas-Spiegel, Ph.D.,earned herdoctoratein Educational Psychology withAcademic Emphasis from Capella University, her M.A. and B.A. in Psychology fromCalifornia State University, Long Beach, and her A.A. in Psychology from Los AngelesHarbor Community College. Dr. Thomas-Spiegelteaches a wide variety of psychologycourses, such as general psychology, biopsychology, lifespan, abnormal, and research incommunity college and university levels.She has served on the Board of the NationalCouncil on Alcoholism, and worked in the fields of mental health, substance abuse, andresearch. Her primary interestsareincreasing learning in her own classes and continuingresearch in education.

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vPREFACEEach chapter of this Test Bank begins with a list of learning objectives. These are thesame learning objectives that can be found in the main text, the Instructor’s Manual, andthe Study Guide. Every question includes the correct answer, main text page reference,corresponding learning objective, question-type, and difficulty.New questionsto thisedition of the test bank are indicated byNOT: New.Multiple-choice questionsthat areavailable on the website areintegrated in the test bank and marked as MSC: WWW.Toward the end of every chapter, you will see “multiple-choice questions from the studyguide.” Ten questions are pulled from each study guide chapter and put into this test bankso that you may use some of the study questions on your exams. A great way to rewardstudents who utilize their study guide throughout the course is to present them withquestions they have already encountered.Students should utilize the companion website atwww.cengage.com/psychology/weiten,specifically the tutorial quiz for each chapter on the website.Finally, you will come to the true/false questions and the short answer questions.Notethat the short answer questions do not include correct answers and question-type.The full Test Bank is also available electronically on the PowerLecture with JoinIn™andExamview®CD.

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1Chapter 1ADJUSTING TO MODERN LIFELEARNING OBJECTIVESThe Paradox of Progress1.Describethreeexamples of the paradox of progress.2.Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theorists have explained it.The Search for Direction3.Provide some examples of people’s search for direction.4.Describe four problems that are common in popular self-help books.5.Summarize advice about what to look for in quality self-help books.6.Summarize the philosophy underlying this textbook.The Psychology of Adjustment7.Describe the two key facets of psychology.8.Explain the concept of adjustment.The Scientific Approach to Behavior9.Explain the nature of empiricism.10.Explain two advantages of the scientific approach to understanding behavior.11.Describe the experimental method, distinguishing between independent and dependent variablesand between experimental and control groups.12.Distinguish between positive and negative correlation,and explain what the size of a correlationcoefficient means.13.Describe three correlational research methods.14.Compare the advantages and disadvantages of experimental versus correlational research.The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis15.Discuss the prevalence of reported happiness in modern society.16.List the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness.17.Explain how health, social activity,religion, and cultureare related to happiness.18.Discuss how love, work, genetics, and personality are related to happiness.19.Summarize the conclusions drawn about the determinants of happiness.APPLICATION: Improving Academic Performance20.List three steps for developing sound study habits.21.Discuss some strategies for improving reading comprehension.22.Summarize advice on how to get more out of lectures.23.Summarize how memory is influenced by practice, organization,anddepth of processing.24.Describe several mnemonic devicesthat can aid memory.

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2LEARNING OBJECTIVEItem Number1.Describethreeexamples of the paradox of progress.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, SG1,TF1, SA12.Explain what is meant by the paradox of progress and how theoristshave explained it.6, 7, SA13.Provide some examples of people’s search for direction.8, 9, 10, SG24.Describe four problems that are common in popular self-help books.11, 12, 13, TF25.Summarize advice about what to look for in quality self-help books.14, 15, 16, 17, SA26.Summarize the philosophy underlying this textbook.18, 19, 20, SG3, TF37.Describe the two key facets of psychology.21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,27, SG4, TF48.Explain the concept of adjustment.28, 299.Explain the nature of empiricism.30, 31, 3210.Explain two advantages of the scientific approach to understandingbehavior.33, TF5, SA311.Describe the experimental method, distinguishing betweenindependent and dependent variables and between experimental andcontrol groups.34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,46, SG5, SA412.Distinguish between positive and negative correlation,and explainwhat the size of a correlation coefficient means.47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,59, SG6, TF613.Describe three correlational research methods.60, 61, 62, 63, 64,SG7, SA514.Compare the advantages and disadvantages of experimental versuscorrelational research.65, 66, 67, SA615.Discuss the prevalence of reported happiness in modern society.68, SA716.List the various factors that are surprisingly unrelated to happiness.69, 70, 71, SG8, TF7,TF8, SA817.Explain how health, social activity, religion, and cultureare relatedto happiness.72, 73, 7418.Discuss how love, work, genetics, and personality are related tohappiness.75, 76, SG9, SA919.Summarize the conclusions drawn about the determinants ofhappiness.77, 78, 79, 8020.List three steps for developing sound study habits.81, 82, 83, SG10,TF9, SA1021.Discuss some strategies for improving reading comprehension.84, 85, SA1022.Summarize advice on how to get more out of lectures.86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,92, SA1023.Summarize how memory is influenced by practice, organization,and depth of processing.93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,99, TF10, SA1024.Describe several mnemonic devicesthat can aid memory.100, 101, 102, SA10Key: Multiple-Choice question numbers appear first, followed by Study Guide question numbers(SG), True/False (TF), and Short Answer (SA).

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3MULTIPLECHOICE1.Modern technology has provided us with many time-saving devices, buta.most of us don’t use them.b.they cost too much for most of us.c.they never seem to work as advertised.d.we still complain about not having enough time.ANS: dREF: 1OBJ:1KEY:ConceptualDIF:Easy2.In spite of countless time-saving devices—automobiles, telephones, photocopiers, faxmachines, and so on—most of us complain about a relative lack ofa.time.b.money.c.information.d.work.ANS: aREF: 1OBJ:1KEY:ConceptualDIF:Easy3.Modern Western society has made extraordinary technological progressa.and therefore, has seen decreases in social problems.b.but social and personal problems seem more prevalent and more prominent than ever before.c.and therefore, has seen a boom in time spent engaging in leisure activities.d.but social and personal problems are just as prevalent as they were in the past.ANS: bREF:1OBJ:1KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate4.According to Schwartz, increased freedom of choice available in modern societiesa.has resulted in improved mental health.b.has enhanced tranquility.c.has led to fewer postdecision regrets.d.has contributed to depression and anxiety.ANS:dREF: 1OBJ:1KEY:ConceptualDIF:ModerateNOT: New5.Technologyhas enabled humankind to exercise unprecedented control over many aspects ofthe physical world but at the same time has also created seriousa.environmental problems.b.microscopic defects.c.medical costs.d.under-consumption.ANS: aREF:2OBJ:1KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate

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46.__________________ refers to the idea that technological advances haveNOTled toperceptible improvement in our collective health and happiness.a.Information anxietyb.Technology overloadc.The paradox of progressd.The point/counterpoint phenomenonANS: cREF:2OBJ:2KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate7.Many theorists believe that the basic challenge of modern life has become the search fora.cultural significance.b.a healthy leisure activity.c.meaning or a sense of direction.d.a significant other to share one's life.ANS: cREF: 2MSC: WWWOBJ:2KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate8.According to social critics, all of the following are examples of the search for direction goneawry excepta.enrollment in “self-realization” programs.b.the desire to spend more time with loved ones.c.joining cults and unorthodox religious groups.d.the popularity of media figures such as Dr. Laura.ANS: bREF: 4-5OBJ:3KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate9.Most experts characterize "self-realization" programs (e.g., est training, Silva Mind Control)asa.intellectually stimulating.b.intellectually bankrupt.c.spiritually revitalizing.d.spiritually self-defeating.ANS: bREF: 4OBJ:3KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate10.While the famous radio talk show host Dr. Laura is a licensed Marriage, Family, and ChildCounselor, she holds a doctoral degree ina.psychology.b.social work.c.physiology.d.psychiatry.ANS: cREF:5OBJ:3KEY:FactualDIF:Easy

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511.Surveys exploring psychotherapists’ opinions of self-help books suggesta.there are some excellent books that offer authentic insight and sound advice.b.there are some good books that offer adequate insight and advice.c.there are some excellent books that offer good general advice,but very few that offer goodspecific advice for particular problems.d.psychotherapists don’t endorse the use of self-help books because it’s bad for business.ANS: aREF:6OBJ:4KEY:FactualDIF:Easy12.“Psychobabble” is best defined asa.professionalpsychologicalterminology.b.textbook definitions.c.ill-defined terminology.d.technical terminology.ANS: cREF: 7OBJ:4KEY:FactualDIF:EasyNOT: New13.Many self-help booksa.encourage a narcissistic approach to life.b.encourage a focus on other people.c.place others first, over the reader.d.encourage self-effacement.ANS:aREF:7OBJ:4KEY: ConceptualDIF:ModerateNOT: New14.In order to evaluate self-help books for ourselves, we may employ critical thinking. Which ofthe following is NOT a critical thinking guideline?a.Examine the evidence.b.Analyze biases and assumptions.c.Use emotional reasoning.d.Tolerate uncertainty.ANS:cREF:10OBJ:5KEY: FactualDIF:Moderate15.A high-quality self-help book willa.give advice on a wide range of problems.b.be based primarily on the author’s speculations about human nature.c.not promise too much in the way of immediate change.d.always contain detailed summaries of research supporting the advice given.ANS: cREF: 8OBJ:5KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate

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616.Which of the following should you look for in self-help books?a.Clarity in communicationb.Focus on a particular kind of problemc.Some mention of the theoreticalor researchbasis for the adviced.All of theseANS: dREF: 8OBJ:5KEY:ConceptualDIF:EasyNOT: New17.You can reasonably expect some assistance from a book that is intended to help you toa.lose 20 pounds every month.b.learn to eat more healthily and gradually include more exercise in your weekly routine.c.build muscle overnight.d.find the thin person trapped inside of you.ANS: bREF: 8-9OBJ:5KEY:ConceptualDIF: Difficult18.This text assumes the key to effective adjustment is toa.take charge of your own life.b.meet problems head-on.c.take an active role in improving the quality of your life.d.all of these.ANS: dREF: 10OBJ:6KEY: FactualDIF: ModerateNOT: New19.Which of the following isNOTone of the underlying assumptions of this textbook?a.You canonlychange your behaviorby consulting a professional psychologist.b.The keyto effective adjustment is to take chargeof your own life.c.Critical thinking involves a skeptical attitude.d.Knowledge of psychological principles may be of value in everyday life.ANS: aREF: 9-10OBJ:6KEY:ConceptualDIF:ModerateNOT: New20.Which of the following are essential guidelines for thinking critically?1.Define the problem.2.Avoid emotional reasoning.3.Analyze biases and assumptions.4.Use either-or thinking.a.1 onlyb.1 and 3 onlyc.1, 2, and 3 onlyd.1, 2, 3, and 4ANS: cREF: 10OBJ:6KEY:ConceptualDIF:Easy

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721.Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?a.The study of consciousnessb.The study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solvingpractical problemsc.The study of abnormal behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studiesto diagnosing and treating people with mental illnessd.The study of motivation, emotion, and memoryANS: bREF: 10MSC: WWWOBJ:7KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate22.Which of the following is the best example of “overt” activity?a.Eatingb.Thinkingc.Dreamingd.ReasoningANS: aREF: 10OBJ:7KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate23."Any overt response or activity by an organism" defines the terma.behavior.b.empiricism.c.psychology.d.mental process.ANS: aREF: 10MSC: WWWOBJ:7KEY:FactualDIF:Easy24.Some psychologists prefer to study animals rather than humans mainly becausea.animal subjects tend to be more cooperative than humans.b.it's easier to control the factors influencing animals' behavior.c.researchers do not have to worry about causing discomfort to animals.d.most animals are unable to figure out the hypotheses for a particular study.ANS: bREF: 10-11OBJ:7KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate25.Until the 1950s, psychologists were found almost exclusively ina.private industry.b.academic institutions.c.mental health facilities.d.the psychiatric wards of hospitals.ANS: bREF: 11OBJ:7KEY:FactualDIF: Difficult

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826.Clinical psychology is primarily concerned witha.discovering the mechanisms of learning.b.the physiological processes involved in behavior.c.research dealing with the structure of consciousness.d.the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems.ANS: dREF: 11MSW: WWWOBJ:7KEY:FactualDIF:Easy27.The rapid growth of clinical psychology was stimulated mainly bya.the demands of World War II.b.growing interest in self-help approaches.c.the inability of physicians to cure most psychological disorders.d.psychological problems resulting from the Great Depression of the 1930s.ANS: aREF: 11OBJ:7KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate28.The term __________ refers to the psychological processes through which people manage orcope with the demands and challenges of everyday life.a.adaptationb.adjustmentc.personalityd.mental healthANS: bREF: 11OBJ:8KEY:FactualDIF:Easy29.The process of adjustment relates toa.how people deal with stress.b.behavior in groups.c.friendship and love.d.all of these.ANS: dREF: 11OBJ:8KEY: FactualDIF: ModerateNOT: New30.______________ is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation.a.Self-helpb.Codependencec.Empiricismd.SubjectivismANS: cREF: 12OBJ:9KEY:FactualDIF:Easy

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931.Which of the following doesNOTrepresent an empirical technique?a.Watching people engage in a learning activityb.Weighing rats after two months of a special dietc.Gauging the speed with which a patient performs a fine motor activityd.Speculating about the factors that are related to human happinessANS: dREF: 12OBJ:9KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate32.Which of the following is the basis of empiricism?a.Correlationb.Logicc.Systematic observationd.Common senseANS: cREF: 12MSC: WWWOBJ:9KEY:ConceptualDIF:Easy33.Compared to other methods of drawing conclusions about behavior, the major advantages ofthe scientific approach area.emphasis on empiricism; subjectivity.b.bias; ability to generalize the findings.c.clarity and precision; relative intolerance of error.d.freedom to make value judgments; use of statistics.ANS: cREF: 12OBJ:10KEY: FactualDIF: Moderate34.According to your text, the two main types of research methods in psychology are ______research methods and ______ research methods.a.biased; unbiasedb.experimental; controlc.dependent; independentd.experimental; correlationalANS: dREF: 12OBJ:11KEY:FactualDIF:Easy35.An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ______variableand observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ______ variable as a result.a.control; experimentalb.experimental; controlc.independent; dependentd.dependent; independentANS: cREF: 12OBJ:11KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate

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1036.Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that increases in anxiety would causeincreases in desire to be with others. In this study, the independent variable wasa.level of anxiety.b.desire to be with others.c.anxious subjects.d.affiliation.ANS: aREF: 12OBJ:11KEY: FactualDIF:Moderate37.A condition or event that an experimenter varies to see its impact on another variable is calleda(n) ______ variable.a.controlb.dependentc.independentd.experimentalANS: cREF: 12MSC: WWWOBJ:11KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate38.A measurement of some aspect of the subject’s behavior after the experimental manipulationis called a(n) ______ variable.a.controlb.dependentc.independentd.experimentalANS: bREF: 12OBJ:11KEY:FactualDIF:Moderate39.A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In thisstudy, the independent variable isa.the children.b.the type of diet.c.the age of the children.d.a measure of learning.ANS: bREF: 12OBJ:11KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate40.A researcher wants to examine the effects of caffeine consumption on memory ability. In thisstudy, the dependent variable isa.the children.b.memory ability.c.caffeine consumption.d.the grade level of the children.ANS: bREF: 12OBJ:11KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate

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1141.An experimental group consists of subjects whoa.are unaware of the purpose of the study.b.merely act as if they are unaware of the purpose.c.receive some special treatment in regard to the dependent variable.d.receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.ANS: dREF: 13MSC: WWWOBJ:11KEY:FactualDIF:Easy42.A control group consists of subjects whoa.are controlled by the experimenter.b.are allowed to control the manipulation of the variables.c.do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.d.receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.ANS: cREF: 13OBJ:11KEY:FactualDIF:Easy43.The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except fora.the number of subjects in each group.b.the variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable.c.the assumptions underlying the research question.d.the method of measuring the dependent variable.ANS: bREF: 13OBJ:11KEY: FactualDIF:Moderate44.Suppose a researcher wants to know whether a high-protein diet causes children to learnbetter in school. Half of the children in the study eat a high-protein diet while the other halfeats their normal diet. The control group consists of thea.male children.b.older children.c.children who eat their normal diet.d.children who eat the high protein diet.ANS: cREF: 13OBJ:11KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate45.The logic of the experimental method rests heavily on the assumption thata.two variables are positively correlated.b.experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independentvariable.c.experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the dependentvariable.d.the independent variable is quantifiable and measurable.ANS: bREF: 13OBJ:11KEY:ConceptualDIF:Moderate

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