Test Bank for Discovering Psychology, 5th Edition

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Appendix A1The type of statistics used to organize, summarize, and interpretdata is called _____ statistics.inferentialIncorrectdescriptive(True Answer )CorrectcorrelationalIncorrectpopulationIncorrect2Your textbook describes a research project concerned withhealth issues that generated a large amount of data. In order tomake sense out of this mass of information, the researchers used_____ to organize and summarize the data.inferential statisticsIncorrectpopulation statisticsIncorrectcorrelation coefficientsIncorrectdescriptive statistics(True Answer )Correct3If you arrange raw scores in order of magnitude and you recordthe number of times each score occurs, you have constructed asummary table called a:histogram.Incorrectscatter plot.Incorrectfrequency distribution.(True Answer )Correctfrequency polygon.Incorrect4A _____ is a graphic representation of a frequency distributionin a type of bar chart that uses vertical bars that touch.polygonIncorrectcorrelation coefficient scatter plotIncorrectvariability diagramIncorrecthistogram(True Answer )Correct5Data from the health promotion study described in the textbookwere first arranged in a frequency distribution. The researchersthen graphically displayed the data in a bar chart with verticalbars that touched. At that point, the researchers hadconstructed a:histogram.(True Answer )Correctfrequency polygon.Incorrect

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scatter plot.Incorrectmeans table.Incorrect6When the data from the health promotion study described in thetextbook were presented in a histogram, the categories (thenumber of hours of aerobic exercise per week) were placedalong the_____, and the frequency of each category wasdisplayed along the _____.Xaxis;Yaxis(True Answer )Correctvertical axis; horizontal axisIncorrectYaxis;XaxisIncorrectordinate; abscissaIncorrect7Yoshiko decided to organize the data from her frequencydistribution graphically in a type of bar chart in which the barswere vertical and touched each other. Yoshiko's graph is calleda:scatter diagram.Incorrecthistogram.(True Answer )Correctfrequency polygon.Incorrectzscore distribution.Incorrect8Marvin gathered data on the frequency of shopping trips to themall as a function of various age categories. To organize theresults of his researchgraphically, Marvin made a mark aboveeach age category at the point corresponding to its frequency,and then connected these dots with straight lines. Marvin hasconstructed a:frequency polygon.(True Answer )Correctfrequency distribution.Incorrecthistogram.Incorrectscatter plot.Incorrect9When Sarah created a frequency polygon, she noticed therewere more scores on one side of the distribution than on theother. It would appear that Sarah's distribution is:symmetrical.Incorrecta standard normal curve.Incorrectskewed.(True Answer )Correcta scatter plot.Incorrect10When Mrs. Sanderson plotted the math test scores of her sixthgraders in a frequency polygon, the distribution turned out to be

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positively skewed. This indicates that:most students had low scores.(True Answer )Correctthe standard deviation is extremely large.Incorrectmost students had high scores.Incorrectthe correlation coefficient is close to zero.Incorrect11In a graph displaying family income in Slakia, the frequency offamilieswith low incomes was far greater than the frequency offamilies with medium or high incomes. It would appear that thedistribution of family incomes in Slakia:is negatively skewed.Incorrectresembles the standard normal curve.Incorrectis positively skewed.(True Answer )Correcthas little or no variability.Incorrect12A _____ distribution is asymmetrical,meaning that more scoresoccur on one side of the distribution than on the other.variableIncorrectstandard normalIncorrectzscoreIncorrectskewed(True Answer )Correct13In a(n) _____ distribution most peoplehave low scores, whereasin a(n) _____ distribution most people have high scores.positively skewed; negatively skewed(True Answer )Correctsymmetrical; asymmetricalIncorrectnegatively skewed; positively skewedIncorrectasymmetrical; symmetricalIncorrect14Using a frequency polygon, Sydney plotted the incomes offamilies living in the Ritz Crescent area of town. She discoveredthat very few families had low incomes, about a quarter hadmedium incomes, and the majority had high incomes. It wouldappear that the distribution of family income in Ritz Crescent:is negatively skewed.(True Answer )Correcthas little or no variability.Incorrectis positively skewed.Incorrectis symmetrical.Incorrect

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15Anthony compared the frequency distributions of two twelfth-grade classes on math test scores. He discovered that moststudents had low scores in the first distribution. In contrast,most of the students had high scores in the second distribution.The first distribution is _____ and the seconddistribution is_____.symmetrical; asymmetricalIncorrectpositively skewed; negatively skewed(True Answer )Correctasymmetrical; symmetricalIncorrectnegatively skewed; positively skewedIncorrect16A distribution in which scores fall equally on both sides of thegraph is said to be:skewed.Incorrectasymmetrical.Incorrectsymmetrical.(True Answer )Correctstatistically significant.Incorrect17The _____ is an example of a symmetrical distribution.standard normal curve(True Answer )Correctstandard deviationIncorrectscatter diagramIncorrectmodal distributionIncorrect18Researchers gathered data on a health-enhancing program. Thedata indicated that the program had worked well in producingbehavioral changes. By the end of the program, the majority ofthe program participants were exercising more hours per week,and far fewer participants were leading inactive lives. Afrequency polygon of the data at the end of the program:would have very highzscores.Incorrectwould be negatively skewed.(True Answer )Correctwould be positively skewed.Incorrectwould resemble the standard normal curve.Incorrect19After the first quiz in Psychology 101, Professor Driscoll used asummary table to arrange the raw scores in order of magnitudeand recorded the number of times each score occurred.Professor Driscoll has created a:frequency polygon.Incorrectscatter diagram.Incorrect

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frequency distribution.(True Answer )Correcthistogram.Incorrect20A(n) _____ is a single number that presents some informationabout the center of a frequency distribution.inferential statisticIncorrectcorrelation coefficientIncorrectmeasure of statistical significanceIncorrectmeasure of central tendency(True Answer )Correct21Ramon has organized his data into both a frequency distributionand a polygon. Now he wants to summarize the data with asingle number that provides information about the ―typical‖score, or the ―center‖ of the distribution. Ramon would beadvised to use:a measure of central tendency.(True Answer )Correctan inferential statistic, called the t-test.Incorrectthe analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique.Incorrecta correlation coefficient.Incorrect22The _____ is the most frequently occurring score in adistribution.meanIncorrectmode(True Answer )CorrectmedianIncorrectrangeIncorrect23An analysis of the test scores on the first quiz showed that morestudents got a score of 35 than any other score. In this example,the score of 35 would be the:mean.Incorrectmedian.Incorrectmode.(True Answer )Correctstandarddeviation.Incorrect24In a slightly skewed distribution, the mode would be:the most frequently occurring score.(True Answer )Correctthe score that falls in the middle of the distribution.Incorrectthe arithmetic average.Incorrecta number, expressed in standard deviation units, that shows a

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score's deviation from the mean.Incorrect25In a health psychology study, researchers compiled data on thenumber of participants in the study who exercised regularly andthe number of hours of exercise each person did per week.Because more people reported exercising 5 hours a week thanany other category, 5 hours per week would be the _____ for thisdistribution.medianIncorrectrangeIncorrectaverageIncorrectmode(True Answer )Correct26When scores are arranged from lowest to highest, the _____ isthe score that divides a frequency distribution exactly in half, sothat the same number of scores lies on each side of it.averageIncorrectzscoreIncorrectmedian(True Answer )CorrectmodeIncorrect27During the first week of their vacation, Sam drank 15 softdrinks, Sonia drank 10, Dwayne drank 8, Eddie drank 6, andMichele drank 6. The median number of soft drinks consumedby this group is:6.Incorrect8.(True Answer )Correct10.Incorrect15.Incorrect28When Carla plotted the distribution ofscores in her data, shefound that the score that fell exactly in the middle and dividedthe distribution exactly in half was 50. In this case, the score of50 is the:range.Incorrectmode.Incorrectmean.Incorrectmedian.(True Answer )Correct29By definition the arithmetic average of all the scores is calledthe:zscore.Incorrectmode.Incorrect

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median.Incorrectmean.(True Answer )Correct30Fifty students took the midterm exam in Dr. Axelrod's class. Inorder to get some idea of the most ―typical‖ score, Dr. Axelrodadded up all the scores and divided the sum by 50. The productof this calculation is called the:median.Incorrectstandard deviation.Incorrectmean.(True Answer )Correctrange.Incorrect31The _____ is the score that is usuallythe most representativemeasure of central tendency.modeIncorrectmean(True Answer )Correctcorrelation coefficientIncorrectmedianIncorrect32The _____ is the measure of central tendency that is mostaffected by very extreme scores.mean(True Answer )Correctstandard deviationIncorrectmedianIncorrectmodeIncorrect33Neil had the following distribution ofscores: 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 6, 25.The _____ is the measure of central tendency that will be mostaffected by the one extreme score of 25.correlation coefficientIncorrectmodeIncorrectmedianIncorrectmean(True Answer )Correct34The range is to _____ as the mean is to _____.a measure of central tendency; a measure ofvariabilityIncorrectdescriptive statistics; inferential statisticsIncorrecta measure of variability; a measure of central tendency(TrueAnswer )Correct

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inferential statistics; descriptive statisticsIncorrect35The standard deviation is to _____ as the mode is to _____.variability; central tendency(True Answer )Correctcorrelation; inferential statisticsIncorrectcentral tendency; variabilityIncorrectinferential statistics; correlationIncorrect36A measure of _____ is a single numberthat presents informationabout the spread of scores in a distribution.central tendencyIncorrectcorrelation coefficientIncorrectstatistical significanceIncorrectvariability(True Answer )Correct37Tyler wants to know how much the scores in his data differ fromeach other and whether the scores are widely spread out. Tylerwould be well advised to use:a measure of central tendency.Incorrectthe correlation coefficient.Incorrecta measure of variability.(True Answer )Correctthe analysis of variance technique (ANOVA).Incorrect38The _____ is a measure of variability that is computed bysubtracting the lowest score in the distribution from the highestscore.standard deviationIncorrectmodeIncorrectmedianIncorrectrange(True Answer )Correct39As a measure of variability, the rangeprovides a limited amountof information because it:depends on the two most extreme scores in a distribution, thehighest and the lowest.(True Answer )Correctreflects only one score in the distribution, the middlepoint.Incorrectdepends on the average amount of variation in a distributionbased on how different each score is from the mean.Incorrectreflects only one score in the distribution, the most frequently

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occurring score.Incorrect40In order to determine the variabilityof the scores on themidterm exam, Professor Ainslie subtracted the mean from eachscore, squared each of these deviations, added them, divided theresult by the total number of scores, and finally took the squareroot of that number. Professor Ainslie hascalculated the:zscore.Incorrectcorrelation coefficient.Incorrectmean.Incorrectstandard deviation.(True Answer )Correct41The _____ is a measure of variability expressed as the squareroot of the sum of the squared deviations around the meandivided by the number of scores in the distribution.correlation coefficientIncorrectanalysis of variance (ANOVA)Incorrectstandard deviation(True Answer )Correctt-testIncorrect42After collecting her data and performing a number of statisticalanalyses, Jana noticed that the standard deviation was verylarge. This indicates that:there was a relatively large number of scores in thedistribution.Incorrectthe distribution was positively skewed.Incorrectthe scores were clustered around the mean and were notspread out.Incorrectthe scores had a great deal of variability and were notclustered around the mean.(True Answer )Correct43When Stefan compared two distributions, each with the samemean, he noticed that distribution A had much more variability,or ―spread,‖ than distribution B.It is very likely that thestandard deviation of distribution A will:be smaller than the standard deviation of distributionB.Incorrectbe identical to the standard deviation of distributionB.Incorrectbe larger than the standard deviation of distribution B.(TrueAnswer )Correcthave a negative value compared to the standard deviation fordistribution B.Incorrect

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44The _____ is a number, expressed in standard deviation units,that shows a score's deviation from the mean.zscore(True Answer )CorrectmodeIncorrectcorrelation coefficientIncorrectmeanIncorrect45If a distribution resembles the standard normal curve, aperson's _____ can tell us exactly how his or her score comparesto all the other scores in the distribution.correlation coefficientIncorrectzscore(True Answer )Correctaverage scoreIncorrectmodal scoreIncorrect46On the first test, the scores in Professor Ramirez's introductorypsychology class produced a bell-shaped curve. A student whoscored better than 84 percent of the other students inthe classwould have azscore of:+0.84.Incorrect–1.Incorrect+1.(True Answer )Correct–0.84.Incorrect47When the midterm test scores were analyzed and the resultsgraphed, they produced a standard normal curve. Ramón'szscore on the midterm exam was +1, which indicates that:he scored better than 34.13 percent of the class.Incorrecthe scored better than 84 percent of the class.(True Answer)Correct50 percent of the class scored higher than Ramón.Incorrect34.13 percent of the class scored lower than Ramón.Incorrect48On the normal distribution of people's weights, Kayla had azscore of zero. This indicates that Kayla's weight _____ of all theweights in the distribution.equals the mean(True Answer )Correctis greater than 84 percentIncorrectis less than 34.14 percentIncorrectwas the lowestIncorrect

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49_____ is a symmetrical distribution forming a bell-shaped curvein which the mean, median, and mode are all equal and fall inthe exact middle.A positively skewed polygonIncorrectThe standard normal curve(True Answer )CorrectA scatter diagramIncorrectA negatively skewed histogramIncorrect50When Amanda plotted her data, the results closely resembledthe standard normal curve. The data revealed a mean of 100 anda standard deviation of 10. Amanda can be confident thatapproximately 68 percent of the scores are between:34 and 84.Incorrect90 and 110.(True Answer )Correct80 and 120.Incorrect66 and 134.Incorrect51The relationship between two variables is called _____ and isnumerically indicated by _____.the standard deviation; azscoreIncorrecta histogram; the medianIncorrecta correlation; a correlation coefficient(True Answer )Correctthe range; the standard deviationIncorrect52A correlation coefficient is a numerical indication of:the magnitude and direction of the relationship between twovariables.(True Answer )Correctvariability in a single set of scores.Incorrectcentral tendency.Incorrectstatistical significance.Incorrect53A _____ correlation coefficient indicates that as one variableincreases, the other tends to increase, and a _____ correlationcoefficient indicates that as one variable increases, the othertends to decrease.high; lowIncorrectnegative; positiveIncorrectlow; highIncorrectpositive; negative(True Answer )Correct

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54Ethan wants to measure the relationship between two variables,weight and height. To calculate the correlation coefficient for hisdata set, Ethan should first:convert both variables intozscores.(True Answer )Correctdo an inferential test for statistical significance.Incorrectconstruct a frequency polygon.Incorrectplot a standard normal curve.Incorrect55The closer a correlation coefficient is to _____, the stronger therelationship between the two variables.zeroIncorrect+5.0Incorrect+10.0 or–10.0Incorrect+1.00 or–1.00(True Answer )Correct56Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents thestrongest relationship between two factors?–0.80(True Answer )Correct+0.03Incorrect+0.36Incorrect–0.15Incorrect57Which of the following is NOT a possible correlation coefficient?+1.00Incorrect–0.98Incorrect+1.72(True Answer )Correct+0.54Incorrect58A correlation coefficient of–0.88 isto _____ as a correlationcoefficient of +0.15 is to _____.a low negative correlation; a high positivecorrelationIncorrecta negatively skewed distribution; a positively skeweddistributionIncorrecta high negative correlation; a lowpositive correlation(TrueAnswer )Correcta positively skewed distribution; a negatively skeweddistributionIncorrect

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59After conducting a statistical analysis of responses to a survey,ProfessorBalbos finds a correlation of +3.14 between frequencyof air travel and frequency of colds. This indicates that:Professor Balbos has made a serious error in calculating thecorrelation coefficient.(True Answer )Correcta cause-and-effect relationship exists between travel by airand colds.Incorrectas air travel increases, the frequency of colds alsoincreases.Incorrectas air travel decreases, the frequency of coldsincreases.Incorrect60Your instructor notices that in many of her classes, the longershe lectures, the more student yawns she sees. This represents:a positive correlation.(True Answer )Correcta negative correlation.Incorrecta cause-and-effect relationship.Incorrectscientific proof that yawning is contagious.Incorrect61Dr. Meeney calculated correlation coefficients for two differentsets of data. He found that data setXhad a correlationcoefficient of–0.75, and data setYhad a correlation coefficientof +0.58. Dr. Meeney can conclude that:setXhas a stronger correlation than setY.(True Answer)CorrectsetYhas a stronger correlation than setX.Incorrectthe data in setXwere positively skewed.Incorrectthe data in setYwere negatively skewed.Incorrect62In her research, Dr. Bristow found that the more time studentsspent studying, the higher their score on the final exam. Dr.Bristow has demonstrated a _____ correlation.positive(True Answer )CorrectzeroIncorrectnegativeIncorrectskewedIncorrect63Assume that one particular study showed that there is arelatively high negative correlation between exercise and fitness.This would indicate:the less people exercise, the greater their physicalfitness.(True Answer )Correct

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the more people exercise, the greater their physicalfitness.Incorrectthat there is a clear causal relationship between exercise andfitness.Incorrectthat there is no relationship between exercise andfitness.Incorrect64Bailey discovered that there was a negative correlation betweenthe amount of time spent watching TV and level of education. Ifthe correlation coefficient is relatively high, Bailey can concludethat:TV watching directly interferes with obtaining aneducation.Incorrectthe more education people have, the less TV theywatch.(True Answer )Correctthe less education people have, the less TV theywatch.Incorrectpeople who watch a great deal of TV have higher levels ofeducation than people who watch very little TV.Incorrect65Suppose that it has been shown that the lower the family income,the higher the incidence of psychological problems. This findingwould demonstrate that there is a _____ between family incomeand psychological problems.positive correlationIncorrectzero correlationIncorrectnegative correlation(True Answer )Correctcause-and-effect relationshipIncorrect66Which of the following correlation coefficients would indicatethe strongest relationship between high schoolgrade-pointaverage and first year college grade-point average?+0.15Incorrect+0.72(True Answer )Correct–0.45Incorrect+0.30Incorrect67After analyzing her data, Professor Nelson discovers that acorrelation coefficient of +0.75 exists between the amount ofcoffee a person drinks and the degree of stress experienced.Professor Nelson can safely conclude that:there is no relationship between stress and coffeeconsumption.Incorrect

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stress causes people to drink coffee.Incorrectas coffee consumption increases, stress also increases.(TrueAnswer )Correctas coffee consumption increases, stress decreases.Incorrect68Assume that annual income is related to level of education.Which of the following correlation coefficients would indicatethe strongest relationship between the two variables?–0.35Incorrect–0.01Incorrect+0.65(True Answer )Correct+0.10Incorrect69Ethan analyzed the data from his correlational research projectand found a correlation coefficient of–0.15. Ethan can concludethat the two variables:have a high negative correlation.Incorrectare weakly related.(True Answer )Correcthave a high positive correlation.Incorrectare causally related.Incorrect70A _____ is a graph that represents therelationship between twovariables.frequency polygonIncorrecthistogramIncorrectscatter diagram or scatter plot(True Answer )Correctstandard normal curveIncorrect71A scatter diagram graphically depicts:the normal distribution of scores in a set of data.Incorrecta number, expressed in standard deviation units, that shows ascore's deviation from the mean.Incorrectthe amount of variability in a distribution.Incorrectthe relationship between two variables.(True Answer)Correct72When Brooke plotted her data in a graph that showed therelationship between variable A and variable B, she found thatthey clustered in a pattern that extended from the upper left-hand corner of the graph to the lower right-hand corner. Brookehas plotted a _____ that shows a _____.

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