Theory And Practice Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, 10th Edition Test Bank

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1. Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the followingexcept:a.dreams.b.posthypnotic suggestions.c.freeassociation.d.material derived from introspective techniques.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 612. A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which egodefense?a.Displacementb.Reaction formationc.Introjectiond.ProjectionANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 623. One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelingsinto the unconscious, is:a.repression.b.regression.c.displacement.d.rationalization.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 624. The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less maturestages is ________?a.fixationb.rationalizationc.regressiond.introjectionANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 635.Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:a.displacement.b.introjection.c.reaction formation.d.projection.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 62Page1

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6. Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the:a.oral stage.b.anal stage.c.phallic stage.d.genital stage.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 637. Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:a.oral stage.b.anal stage.c.phallic stage.d.genital stage.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 638. The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:a.treat specific learning disorders.b.change overt behavior.c.correct irrational thinking.d.make the unconscious motives conscious.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 619. A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:a.openness and self-disclosure.b.a deeply personal and sharing relationship.c.a sense of being anonymous.d.a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6710.The “fundamental rule” for the client in psychoanalysis is:a.forming a contract with the therapist.b.willingness to do “homework assignments.”c.participating in free association.d.writing down dreams.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 68Page2

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11.A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:a.psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy.b.psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy.c.superego-oriented psychotherapy.d.psychoanalytic behavior analysis.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 5912. The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:a.transference.b.rationalization.c.countertransference.d.interpretation.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 7413. The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the followingexcept:a.everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.b.that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.c.an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.d.it isnotvaluable from a theoretical and clinical perspective.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 7514. A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likelyusing:a.introjection.b.sublimation.c.denial.d.compensation.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6215.Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a “safer target”) isknown as:a.sublimation.b.repression.c.introjection.d.displacement.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 62Page3

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16.Manufacturing “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:a.rationalization.b.projection.c.displacement.d.introjection.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 6217.The young adult who adopts his parent’s outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is anexample of:a.displacement.b.reaction formation.c.sublimation.d.introjection.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 6318. The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits tomake up for limitations is known as:a.sublimation.b.compensation.c.introjection.d.reaction formation.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 6319. The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as:a.displacement.b.denial.c.compensation.d.sublimation.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 6320. The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?a.Anal stageb.Genital stagec.Oral staged.Phallic stageANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 65Page4

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21.In Freud’s view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels:a.he has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code.b.a realistic threat is present in the environment.c.he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately.d.guilt associated with past actions.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6122.Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?a.To refer to the death instinctsb.To refer to the energy of all the life instinctsc.To refer to sexual abused.To account for the aggressive driveANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 5923. What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?a.Anal/phallic/latency/genital/oralb.Oral/anal/phallic/latency/genitalc.Oral/anal/latency/genital/phallicd.Latency/oral/anal/phallic/genitalANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 6324.In Erikson’s view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:a.intimacy vs. isolation.b.integrity vs. despair.c.identity vs. role confusion.d.initiative vs. guilt.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6525. A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of _________during the_________ stage.a.intimacy; young adulthoodb.identity; adolescentc.integrity; later lifed.industry; school ageANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 65Page5

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26.Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of thepsychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilty feelings?a.The idb.The egoc.The superegod.The consciousnessANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6027. Self psychology and object relations theory emphasize all of the followingexcept:a.the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.b.the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self.c.the differentiation between self and others.d.different cultures maintain similar values.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 7928. Which of the following statements isnottrue with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis?a.The approach is based on an egalitarian model.b.There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist.c.Countertransference provides rich information about the client’s dynamics.d.Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 8029. The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:a.explore sources of childhood trauma.b.deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.c.change the client’s repetitive patterns of relating to others.d.bring about catharsis.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 8330. The main function of theegois to:a.inhibit id impulses.b.seek pleasure in life.c.mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.d.strive for perfection.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 59Page6

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31. All of the following are true about thesuperegoexcept:a.it is the judicial branch of personality.b.it is the internalization of the standards of parents and society.c.it governs, controls and regulates the personality.d.it inhibits id impulses.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6032.Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided toturn down a job offer in Las Vegas to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry’s personality helpedhim to reach this decision?a.The idb.The egoc.The superegod.The unconsciousANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 6033. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include all of thefollowingexcept:a.rejecting others’ love.b.fear of intimate relationships.c.mistrust of others.d.high self-esteem.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 6334. According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:a.autonomy vs. shame and doubt.b.initiative vs. guilt.c.identity vs. role confusion.d.trust vs. mistrust.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 6535. The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during:a.school age.b.early childhood age.c.preschool age.d.adolescence.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 65Page7

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36. A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of___________ during the ___________stage of development.a.identity; adolescenceb.trust; infancyc.generativity; middle aged.intimacy; young adulthoodANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 6537.Developmentally, Freud’s latency stage corresponds to Erickson’s stage of:a.trust versus mistrust.b.intimacy versus isolation.c.initiative versus guilt.d.industry versus inferiority.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 6538. From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may display all of the following characteristicsexcept:a.discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.b.be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.c.underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client’s world.d.ambiguity isnotinherent in most psychoanalytic approaches.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 8539.All of the following are a part of Jung’s view of developmentexcept:a.individuation.b.the shadow.c.symbiosis.d.collective unconscious.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 7840. Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?a.Perlsb.Satirc.Rogersd.MahlerANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 81Page8

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41.Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has shifted from “making theunconscious conscious” to:a.“making the ego conscious.”b.“where there was id, let there be ego.”c.“get rid of the id, kid!”d.“may the force be within you.”ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 6042.In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Rhonda must help her eating disordered clients to:a.reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts.b.replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk.c.make use of programs such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan.d.increase their support networks and develop social interest.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 6643. Which of the following isnota component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?a.Use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationshipb.Targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first sessionc.The therapist functioning as a blank slated.Developing a strong working allianceANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 8344.All of the following are true about a therapist’s countertransference reactionsexcept:a.they should be avoided.b.they have the potential to interfere with effective treatment.c.they can provide rich understanding of the client’s experience.d.they should be carefully monitored by the therapist.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 7145.Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or her analyst?a.The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous.b.The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an erroneous comment.c.The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politicallyincorrect, selfish, or infantile.d.The client is encouraged to use “solution talk” and avoid talking about problems.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 68Page9

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46. In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon:a.the child’s search for approval from the father.b.one’s birth order.c.one’s striving to overcome felt inferiority.d.the child’s search for a reconnection with the mother.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 8147.Which statement below isnotaccurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?a.Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client sincethey are so biased.b.Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personalvulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work.c.Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage thesereactions.d.It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as asource for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 7148. Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders?a.Narcissisticb.Dependentc.Borderlined.ObsessivecompulsiveANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 8149. A person with a __________ personality disorder is characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts,impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control,and an inability to tolerate anxiety.a.narcissisticb.dependentc.borderlined.obsessivecompulsiveANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 82Page10

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50.The range of emotionally charged responses such as withdrawal, anger, love, annoyance, powerlessness,avoidance, overidentification, control, and sadness of the therapist are often associated with:a.transference.b.workingthrough.c.interpretation.d.countertransference.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 7151. The ego is the original structure of personality.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 5952. The Freudian view of human nature is deterministic.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 5953.Traditional analytic therapists make more frequent interpretations of transferences and engage in fewer supportiveinterventions than is the case with psychodynamic therapists.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 6854. Freud postulated the concepts of both life instincts and death instincts.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 5955.According to Freud, consciousness constitutes the largest part of one’s psychological functioning.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 61Page11

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56. Ego-defense mechanisms, by their very nature, imply psychopathology.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 6157. Freud postulated the theory of sexuality.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 7758. The major developmental task of the anal stage is acquiring a sense of trust.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 6559. During the anal stage, children typically experience a range of negative feelings, including rage, hate, and hostility.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 6560. According to Freudians, greediness and hoarding may develop as a result of not getting oral needs properly met.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 6561. The phallic stage typically occurs during the ages of 1 to 3.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 6562. The latency stage occurs between the ages of 5 to 12.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 65Page12

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63. The Oedipal complex and the Electra complex are associated with the genital stage of development.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 6564. Analytic therapists view transference as a factor that results from ineffectiveintervention on the therapist’s part.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 7065.Typically, analytically oriented therapists assume an anonymous stance, which is sometimes called the “blankscreen” approach, as a necessary way to foster transference.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 6766. Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 6867. Analytically oriented therapists typically interpret free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 6868. Clients in analytic therapy typically free associate to various symbols in their dreams.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 7469. Resistance, in the analytic view, results from either a conscious unwillingness on the part of the client to cooperate,or from the ineptness of the therapist in developing a sound therapeutic program.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 75Page13

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70. The analysis of transference is a central technique in psychoanalysis.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 7571. Psychoanalysis provides therapists with a conceptual framework for looking at behavior and understanding theorigins and functions of present symptoms.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 8972. The relational model of psychoanalysis regards therapy as an interactive process between the client and therapist.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 8073. The relational model of psychoanalysis downplays the role of countertransference.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 8074. Brief psychodynamic therapies target specific interpersonal problems during the initial session.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 8375. Brief psychodynamic therapists tend to assume an active role in the therapy process.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 8376.Psychodynamic group leaders do not interpret their client’s transferences.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 76Page14

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77.The working-through process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material anddefenses, most of which originated in early childhood.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 7078.In psychodynamic group work, symbolic figures from a client’s past may emerge.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 7679. The psychoanalytic approach provides practitioners with a framework for understanding the origins and functions ofsymptoms.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 89Page15

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1.Which person isnotassociated with the existential movement?a.Rollo Mayb.Victor Franklc.Irvin Yalomd.B. F. SkinnerANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 1362. The central goal of existential psychotherapy is to:a.decrease selfawareness.b.increase awareness.c.help clients reject the responsibility of choosing.d.keep the client from experiencing authentic existence.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 1473.Finding the "courage to be" involves:a.confronting a specific phobia.b.learning to be alone.c.discarding old values.d.developing a will to move forward in spite of anxietyproducing situations.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 1424. The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:a.Roll May.b.Irvin Yalom.c.Emmy van Deurzen.d.J. Michael Russell.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 1375.Which isnotan essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy?a.To help clients become more present to both themselves and othersb.To assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presencec.To dispute clients’ irrational beliefsd.To challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present livesANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 147Page1

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6. Existential therapy is best considered as:a.an approach to understand the subjective world of the client.b.a school of therapy.c.a system of techniques designed to create authentic humans.d.a strategy for uncovering dysfunctional behavior.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 1497. Which of the following wasnotpart of Stan’s work in existential therapy?a.Challenging his feelings of lonelinessb.Working on his inauthentic relationship with his siblingsc.Confronting his responsibility for his drug and alcohol used.Exploring Stan’s human potentialANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 1558. Philosophically, the existentialists would agree that:a.the final decisions and choices rest with the therapist.b.people do not redefine themselves by their choices.c.a person cannot go beyond early conditioning.d.making choices can create anxiety.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 1459. The characteristic existential theme includes:a.freedom and responsibility.b.resistance.c.transference.d.examining irrational beliefs.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 13910. According to the existential viewpoint, death:a.makes life absurd.b.makes life meaningless and hopeless.c.gives significance to living.d.should not be explored in therapy.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 145Page2

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11.In regards to techniques, existential practitioners believe:a.free association is essential to the growth and healing of the client.b.no set of techniques is considered essential.c.analysis of dysfunctional family patterns is imperative.d.role playing is the most important technique used.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 14712. In a group based on existential principles, clients learn all of the following,except:a.that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns.b.to view themselves through others’ eyes.c.to come to terms with the paradoxes of existence.d.that pain is not a reality of the human experience.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 15213. __________ emphasizes the subjective and spiritual dimensions of human existence.a.Existential analysisb.Existential anxietyc.Self-awarenessd.Existential guiltANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 13514. Existential therapy is:a.a deterministic approach to therapy.b.an expansion of the Adlerian school of therapy.c.a phenomenological approach to therapy.d.a structured approach to therapy.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 15315.Existential therapists prefer to be thought of as:a.an observer-technician.b.philosophical companions, not as people who repair psyches.c.a teacher and coach.d.an advocate for social change.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 149Page3

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16.When is the counseling process at its best from an existential viewpoint?a.When the client feels comfortable enough to engage in shame-attacking exercises outside of counselingsessions.b.When the deepest self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client.c.When the therapist uses his or her influence to convince the client to let go of his or her anxiety.d.When sessions begin with progressive muscle relaxation exercises.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 15017.Viktor Frankl’s approach to existential therapy is known as:a.individual psychology.b.logotherapy.c.reality therapy.d.redecision therapy.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 14418. Which of the following isnottrue about Rollo May?a.He is most responsible for translating European existentialism into American psychotherapeutic theory andpractice.b.He focuses on the subjective dimension of therapy.c.He is a significant spokesman for the existential approach in the United States.d.He believes that we can only escape anxiety by exercising our freedom.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 13119. In regards to freedom and responsibility, existential therapy embraces three values. Which of the following isnotoneof these values?a.The freedom to become within the context of natural and self-imposed limitationsb.The capacity to reflect on the meaning of our choicesc.The capacity to act on the choices we maked.The freedom to choose our past and the choices of our parentsANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 139Page4

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20.Ursula lived in New York City on 9/11. Ever since experiencing the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, she has feltanxiety about going to the upper level floors of tall buildings. As an existentially oriented therapist, you mightconclude that:a.Ursula is highly neurotic.b.Ursula’s fears are completely unfounded.c.Ursula’s anxiety is normal in light of the traumatic experience she had on 9/11.d.Ursula is on the verge of becoming psychotic.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14521.Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life?a.Medard Bossb.JeanPaul Sartrec.Soren Kierkegaardd.Martin BuberANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 13422. Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:a.is a neurotically dependent attachment.b.should be based on our needs and theirs.c.is healthy when we are able to stand alone and tap into our own strength.d.is not necessary, since we are basically alone.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14223. According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all of theseexcept:a.discarding old values.b.meaninglessness.c.creating our own value system.d.exploring unfinished business.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 14324.Therapy is viewed as a ___________________in the sense that the interpersonal and existential problems of theclient will become apparent in the here and now of the therapy relationship.a.social microcosmb.“touchy feely” encounterc.living laboratoryd.tension-filled encounterANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 148Page5

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25. The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is:a.that freedom is a myth.b.the will to meaning.c.selfdisclosure as the key to mental health.d.the notion of selfactualization.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 13026. According to Yalom, the concerns that make up the core of existential psychodynamicsinclude all of the following,except:a.death.b.freedom.c.togetherness.d.meaninglessness.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14427.A statement that best illustrates “bad faith” is:a.Naturally I’m this way, because I grew up in an alcoholic family.b.I will not consider others in the choices I make.c.I must live by commitments I make.d.I am responsible for the choices that I make.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 13628. For Sartre, existential guilt is what we experience when we:a.do not live by the Ten Commandments.b.fail to think about the welfare of others.c.allow others to define us or to make our choices for us.d.reflect on all that we might have done and failed to do.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14029.The therapist’s presence is:a.a condition of therapeutic change.b.a goal of therapeutic change.c.both a condition and a goal of therapeutic change.d.neither a condition nor a goal of therapeutic change.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 149Page6

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30. Which of the following isnotan example of how existential therapy is unlike many other therapies?a.It does not have a well-defined set of techniques.b.It stresses the I/Thou encounter in the therapy process.c.It focuses on the use of the specific techniques created for this theory.d.It allows for incorporation of techniques from many other approaches.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14931. Which of the following isnotconsidered a basic dimension of the human condition?a.Capacity for self-awarenessb.Striving for acceptance of othersc.Establishing meaningful relationships with othersd.Freedom and responsibilityANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 13832. Being alone is a process by which we do all of the followingexcept:a.learn to tolerate feelings of isolation.b.develop strength and self-reliance.c.develop a deep understanding of ourselves.d.reject the social overtures of others.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 14233. The goals of existential therapy include all but_________.a.to help clients become more present to both themselves and others.b.to assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence.c.helping clients to eliminate anxiety in their lives.d.to encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14734. When working with a client living a restricted existence, an existential therapist would likely:a.explore the developmental origins of these feelings.b.develop a specific behavioral plan to help the client get “unstuck.”c.encourage the client to do a shame-attacking exercise.d.make the client aware of how his or her current ways of living are keeping him or her stuck.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 147Page7

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35.In the bookStaring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death(2008), ________________develops theidea that confronting death enables us to live in a more compassionate way.a.Martin Buberb.Justin Bieberc.Irvin Yalomd.Stephen KingANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 14636. From a multicultural perspective, some clients may reject this approach because:a.it is founded on abstract, westernized notions that are not widely applicable.b.their life circumstances provide them with truly limited choices.c.death anxiety is not a central issue in all cultures.d.the use of techniques may be overwhelming for them.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 14137. From a scientific perspective, existential psychotherapy:a.is well researched.b.lends itself easily to evaluation due to its clearly defined principles and techniques.c.fits well into the framework of evidence-based practice.d.is difficult to research because every psychotherapy experience is unique.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 15938. The existential approach is particularly well-suited to clients who:a.are dealing with grief and loss.b.are victims of oppression.c.have limited intellectual capacities.d.suffer from severe mental illness.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 15139. Existential therapy groups are particularly helpful for clients working on:a.self-actualization.b.issues of responsibility.c.reducing problematic behaviors.d.exploring family dynamics.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 152Page8

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40. Time-limited existential treatments:a.can serve as a catalyst for clients to become actively and fully involved in each therapy session.b.are by definition, lacking in depth and richness.c.lack structure and clear goals.d.are well studied and shown to be effective.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 15141. Rollo May has been instrumental in translating some concepts drawn from existential philosophy and applying themto psychotherapy.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 13142. Existential therapy can best be considered as a system of highly developed techniques designed to fosterauthenticity.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 13243. The outcomes of existential therapy have been submitted to rigorous empirical testing.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 15944. Existential therapy grew out of a reaction to the limitations of both the psychoanalytic and deterministic stance.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 13045. A central existential concept is that although we long for freedom we often try to escape from our freedom bydefining ourselves as a fixed or static entity.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 139Page9

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46. In the existential approach, techniques are primary, while subjective understanding of clients is secondary.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 15947. Existential therapists strive to be their authentic selves when working with clients.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15948. According to existential thinking, effective therapy does not stop with awareness, for clients are challenged to takeaction based on their insights.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 14749. From the existential viewpoint, anxiety is seen as a neurotic manifestation; thus the aim of therapy is to eliminateanxiety so clients can live comfortably.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 14550.Existential anxiety is the unavoidable result of being confronted with the “givens of existence.”a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 14451. During the initial phase of counseling, existentially oriented therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying theirassumptions about the world.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15052. Existentialists claim that the use of specific techniques is the cornerstone of the approach.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 147Page10

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53. According to the existential view, death makes life meaningless.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 14854. A major criticism of the existential approach is that it lacks a systematic statement of the principles and practices ofpsychotherapy.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15955. This approach puts emphasis on the human quality of the therapeutic relationship.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15856. Martin Buber stressed the importance of presence, which allows for the creation of I/Thou relationships in therapy.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 13557. Existential guilt is being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 14058.The existential view is not designed to “cure” people of illness in the tradition of the medical model because peopleare not sick but are “sick of life or clumsy at living.”a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 13759. In the existential framework, inaction is a decision.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 138Page11

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60. Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients who are struggling with developmental crises.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15161. Existentially, humans both long for and wish to escape from their freedom.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 13962. The existential approach can be used in a brief therapy context.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15163. Existential therapy is rarely used for group treatment.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 15164. The existential vacuum represents a place of reflection and solace.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 14465. Currently, there is wide-ranging international interest in the existential approach to psychotherapy.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 15366. Existential therapy is especially useful in working with culturally diverse populations because of its focus onindividuality.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 153Page12

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67. The core of the therapeutic relationship is respect.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 14968. A distinctly human characteristic is the struggle for a sense of peace.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 14369. Freedom implies that we are responsible for the lives of others around us.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:page 14070. Failure to move through anxiety results in neurotic anxiety.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:page 145Page13

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1.Who among the following is not considered arelational Gestalt therapist?a.Fritz Perlsb.Laura Perlsc.Miriam Polsterd.Erving PolsterANSWER:aREFERENCES:page 2002. Gestalt therapy is a form of:a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.b.neo-Freudian analytic therapy.c.behavior therapy.d.existential therapy.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 1993.Field theory asserts that:a.the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.b.human beings have a innate capacity to self regulate.c. the organism must be seen in its environment, or in its context, as part of the constantly changing field.d.phenomenological inquiry is the key to behavior change.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 2014. Prerequisites for good contact involves all of the followingexcept:a.zest.b.creativity.c.imagination.d.projection.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:page 2025.Erving Polster believes that storytelling:a.is always a form of resistance.b.can be the heart of the therapeutic process.c.is acceptable only if one’s client is a writer.d.is an indication that one’s client is a pathological liar.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 209Page1

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6.It is essential that counselors establish a relationship with their clients, so that the clients will:a. be less divulging during an assessment.b. be less focused on the here and now.c. feel trusting enough to participate in the learning that can result from Gestalt experiments.d. be more willing to be involved in process-oriented diagnosis.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 2137.A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is the:a. emphasis on contact.b. approach to confrontation.c. use of techniques.d. focus on the figure formation process.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 2148.The Gestalt therapist:a.freely makes interpretations for the client.b.pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.c.is mainly nondirective.d.helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 2079.In Gestalt theory, the experiment is:a.a specific technique of therapy.b.tailored to fit the client’s unique needs and presented in an invitational manner.c.a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal.d.a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:page 21110.When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of thefollowing techniques would be most appropriate?a.Making the roundsb.The reversal techniquec.The internal dialogue exercised.The rehearsal exerciseANSWER:cREFERENCES:page 215Page2

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