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Test Bank For Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 13th Edition

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    Test Bank For Essentials of Sociology Thirteenth Edition James M. Henslin Prepared by Joyce D. Meyer, JCSW, former instructor of sociology, Social Sciences and Human Services Department, Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois

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    iii CONTENTS Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective 1 Chapter 2 Culture 19 Chapter 3 Socialization 38 Chapter 4 Social Structure and Social Interaction 56 Chapter 5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations 74 Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control 93 Chapter 7 Global Stratification 112 Chapter 8 Social Class in the United States 130 Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity 149 Chapter 10 Gender and Age 168 Chapter 11 Politics and the Economy 186 Chapter 12 Marriage and Family 204 Chapter 13 Education and Religion 223 Chapter 14 Population and Urbanization 242 Chapter 15 Social Change and the Environment 261

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    1 Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Multiple-Choice Questions TB_Q1.1.1 The __________ perspective emphasizes the social contexts in which people live. a. societal b. sociological c. natural sciences d. ethnocentric Answer: b. sociological Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essential for the sociological perspective. Topic/Concept: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.2.2 __________ is the study of society and human behavior. a. Positivism b. Science c. Psychology d. Sociology Answer: d. Sociology Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.2.3 __________ is credited as being the founder of sociology. a. Auguste Comte b. W. E. B. Du Bois c. Karl Marx d. Jane Addams Answer: a. Auguste Comte Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    2 TB_Q1.2.4 Ben is a sociologist applying the scientific method to the social world. Even though his methods are more modern, as a sociologist he knows that studying the social world in this way originated with __________. a. Auguste Rodin b. Auguste Comte c. Emile Weber d. Emile Durkheim Answer: b. Auguste Comte Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q1.2.5 The __________ uses objective, systematic observations to test theories. a. naturalistic method b. commonsense method c. scientific method d. research-free technique Answer: c. scientific method Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.2.6 Karl Marx believed that __________ was the most relevant factor in history. a. democracy b. communism c. reconciliation d. class conflict Answer: d. class conflict Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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    3 TB_Q1.2.7 Durkheim’s concept of __________ refers to how much people are tied to their social groups. a. social integration b. revolution c. conflict theory d. religion Answer: a. social integration Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.2.8 As Durkheim was able to do when he studied suicide, sociologists can __________. a. prove prior research has been inaccurate b. predict what is likely to happen based on their research c. insist on a tenured professorship d. question authority Answer: b. predict what is likely to happen based on their research Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.2.9 According to Max Weber, the key factor in society is __________. a. economics b. politics c. religion d. tradition Answer: c. religion Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber. Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.3.10 When did sociology first take root in the United States?

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    4 a. the middle of the eighteenth century b. the late nineteenth century c. the middle of the twentieth century d. the early twenty-first century Answer: b. the late nineteenth century Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.3.11 Why do women not figure more prominently among early sociologists? a. There were no early female sociologists. b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in academic positions decided that women engaged in social reform were not legitimate sociologists. c. In no field has sexism been more evident than in sociology. d. The field of sociology seemed neither rigorous enough nor relevant enough to attract women. Answer: b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in academic positions decided that women engaged in social reform were not legitimate sociologists. Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.3.12 The work of W. E. B. Du Bois, an African American, __________. a. was recognized as an important part of the foundations of sociology from the earliest times b. has been completely ignored until the present c. was rejected by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologists Answer: d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologists Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Difficult

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    5 Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.3.13 W. E. B. Du Bois __________. a. was primarily a novelist b. collected and interpreted the work of others rather than making original contributions c. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to Ghana d. had the good fortune to grow up in an era virtually free of racism Answer: c. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to Ghana Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.3.14 Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addams __________. a. fought against the American Civil Liberties Union b. won the Nobel Peace Prize c. married W. E. B. Du Bois d. never joined the American Sociological Society Answer: b. won the Nobel Peace Prize Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.3.15 Talcott Parsons was influential in __________. a. shifting sociology from reform to theory b. warning Americans about the power elite c. developing concrete models for social change d. shifting sociology from theory to reform Answer: a. shifting sociology from reform to theory Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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    6 TB_Q1.3.16 Perhaps ahead of the times, __________ warned of the dangers of the coalescing interests of the top leaders of business, politics, and the military. a. Talcott Parsons b. Ernest Burgess c. Jane Addams d. C. Wright Mills Answer: d. C. Wright Mills Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.3.17 Who is the audience for basic sociology? a. only those who deal with the most intimate policy matters b. only those who deal with the most intricate policy questions c. anyone and everyone d. natural scientists as opposed to social scientists Answer: c. anyone and everyone Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.3.18 Pure sociologists analyze some aspect of society to __________. a. make changes in the world b. gain knowledge for its own sake c. solve problems for the betterment of society d. get grants for their departments Answer: b. gain knowledge for its own sake Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.3.19 __________ harnesses the sociological perspective for the public good.

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    7 a. Basic sociology b. Experimental sociology c. Classical sociology d. Public sociology Answer: d. Public sociology Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform. Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.4.20 In __________, symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world and communicate with each other. a. functional analysis b. symbolic interactionism c. conflict theory d. order theory Answer: b. symbolic interactionism Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.4.21 Applying symbolic interactionism, as divorce became more common, divorce became __________. a. more stigmatized b. a symbol of failure c. associated with new beginnings d. a symbol of success Answer: c. associated with new beginnings Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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    8 TB_Q1.4.22 Charles was studying symbolic interactionism in his sociology class. Charles was surprised to find that sociologists who take this viewpoint think that having love as the central reason for people to get married __________. a. prevents spouses from blaming each other b. actually may cause a weakening of the marriage c. makes divorce all but impossible d. actually may cause a strengthening of the marriage Answer: b. actually may cause a weakening of the marriage Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q1.4.23 Robert Merton would say negative results of people’s actions are __________. a. functions b. dysfunctions c. latent functions d. balancing functions Answer: b. dysfunctions Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.4.24 __________ operates at the microsociological level. a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functional analysis c. Anthropology d. Conflict theory Answer: a. Symbolic interactionism Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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    9 TB_Q1.4.25 In __________, the focus is on the struggle for scarce resources by different groups in society. a. functional analysis b. classical sociology c. conflict theory d. symbolic interactionism Answer: c. conflict theory Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.5.26 Common sense __________. a. is never true b. has always been false c. may or may not be true d. has finally caught up with sociology Answer: c. may or may not be true Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain why common sense can’t replace sociological research. Topic/Concept: Doing Sociological Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.6.27 What is the first step in the research model? a. reviewing the literature b. sharing the results c. beginning the case study d. choosing the subject matter Answer: d. choosing the subject matter Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model. Topic/Concept: A Research Model Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.6.28 A(n) __________ predicts a relationship between or among variables. a. research design

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    10 b. literature review c. hypothesis d. aggregate Answer: c. hypothesis Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model. Topic/Concept: A Research Model Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.6.29 Sharon had spent months carrying out her sociological experiments. She had collected a ton of data. What was Sharon’s next step? a. Analyze the results. b. Generate more hypotheses. c. Select another topic. d. Share the results. Answer: a. Analyze the results. Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model. Topic/Concept: A Research Model Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q1.6.30 __________ is a precise way to measure a variable. a. Reliability b. Validity c. The hypothesis d. An operational definition Answer: d. An operational definition Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model. Topic/Concept: A Research Model Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.7.31 Which of the following is a research method? a. ensuring validity b. operationalizing the definition c. divining an answer d. using unobtrusive measures Answer: d. using unobtrusive measures

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    11 Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q1.7.32 __________ is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure. a. A variable b. Validity c. Hypothesis d. Reliability Answer: b. Validity Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.7.33 Reliability refers to __________. a. consistency of results b. secondary analysis c. how close the data we gathered comes to proving what we want to prove d. the way in which a researcher measures a variable Answer: a. consistency of results Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.7.34 The __________ is made up of people who are in the portion of the population being studied. a. sample b. control group c. respondent d. average Answer: a. sample

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    12 Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.7.35 When you select a sample for a sociological study, your aim is to get __________. a. everyone in the population b. your friends to be the sample c. a representative sample d. a different individual to answer each item on the questionnaire Answer: c. a representative sample Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.7.36 In a __________, everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study. a. stratified random sample b. random sample c. sample of any sort d. survey Answer: b. random sample Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.7.37 __________ are the people who respond to a survey. a. Researchers b. Respondents c. Interviewers d. Populations Answer: b. Respondents Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods.

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    13 Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q1.7.38 Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question? a. Should public officials who accept bribes be jailed? b. In your opinion, should public officials who accept bribes be required to perform community service? c. Should public officials who have been convicted for accepting bribes be registered in a public list in the same manner that sex offenders are registered? d. What do you think should be done to a public official who accepts bribes? Answer: d. What do you think should be done to a public official who accepts bribes? Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q1.7.39 To get people to answer in their own words, interviewers often use __________ questions. a. structured b. controlled c. open-ended d. closed-ended Answer: c. open-ended Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research methods. Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q1.7.40 Survey questions that provide options for answers are considered __________. a. closed-ended questions b. unstructured c. open-ended questions d. unfair Answer: a. closed-ended questions

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