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Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 7th Edition Test Bank

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    Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 1.1 An Overview of Statistics 1 Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the data set is a population or a sample. 1) The age of every fourth person entering a department store A) sample B) population 2) The age of each employee at a local grocery store A) population B) sample SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Identify the population and the sample. 3) A survey of 1212 American households found that 52% of the households own a computer. 4) When 1348 American households were surveyed, it was found that 57% of them owned two cars. 5) A survey of 2625 elementary school children found that 28% of the children could be classified as obese. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the Venn diagram to identify the population and the sample. 6) A) Population: Magazine subscribers; Sample; Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription B) Population: Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription; Sample: Magazine subscribers 2 Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning. 7) A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 10,500 of its 200,000 graduates was $130,000. 8) The average salary of all assembly - line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $44,000. 9) A survey of 1040 students was taken from a university with 19,000 students. Page 1

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    3 Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics. 10) The average age of the students in a statistics class is 20 years. A) descriptive statistics B) inferential statistics 11) The chances of winning the California Lottery are one chance in twenty - two million. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 12) There is a relationship between smoking cigarettes and getting emphysema. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 13) From past figures, it is predicted that 31% of the registered voters in California will vote in the June primary. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 14) Based on previous clients, a marriage counselor concludes that the majority of marriages that begin with cohabitation before marriage will result in divorce. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 4 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 15) Explain the difference between a sample and a population. 16) If you had to do a statistical study, would you use a sample or a population? Why? 1.2 Data Classification 1 Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. 1) the colors of automobiles on a used car lot A) qualitative B) quantitative 2) the number of complaint letters received by the United States Postal Service in a given day A) quantitative B) qualitative 3) the number of seats in a movie theater A) quantitative B) qualitative 4) the numbers on the shirts of a girl ʹ s soccer team A) qualitative B) quantitative 2 Classify Data with Respect to the Four Levels of Measurement MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the data set ʹ s level of measurement. 5) hair color of women on a high school tennis team A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio Page 2

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    6) numbers on the shirts of a girl ʹ s soccer team A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 7) ages of students in a statistic class A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal 8) temperatures of 26 selected refrigerators A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio 9) number of milligrams of tar in 30 cigarettes A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal 10) number of pages in your statistics book A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal 11) marriage status (married, single, or divorced) of the faculty at the University of Colorado A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 12) list of 1240 social security numbers A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 13) the ratings of a movie ranging from ʺ poor ʺ to ʺ good ʺ to ʺ excellent ʺ A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio 14) the final grades (A, B, C, D, and F) for students in a statistics class A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio 15) the annual salaries for all teachers in California A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal 16) list of zip codes for Chicago A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 17) the nationalities listed in a recent survey (for example, Asian, European, or Hispanic). A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 18) the amounts of fat (in grams) in 37 cookies A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal 19) the years the summer Olympics were held in the United States A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio 20) numbers of touchdowns scored by a major university in five randomly selected games 5 3 1 3 4 A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal 21) the average daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) on five randomly selected days 21 23 21 30 27 A) interval B) nominal C) ordinal D) ratio 22) manuscripts rated ʺ acceptable ʺ or ʺ unacceptable ʺ A) ordinal B) nominal C) ratio D) interval Page 3

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    23) the lengths (in minutes) of the top ten movies with respect to ticket sales in 2007 A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval 24) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph A) nominal B) interval C) ordinal D) ratio 25) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval 3 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 26) Explain the differences between the interval and ratio levels of measurement. 27) Explain why data expressed with the Celsius temperature scale is at the interval level of measurement rather than the ratio level. Page 4

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    1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design 1 Decide Whether Study is Observational Study or Experiment MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. 1) A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 89 people to a treatment group and 89 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of three months and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months the patients ʹ symptoms are evaluated. A) experiment B) observational study 2) A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages. A) observational study B) experiment 3) A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum. A) observational study B) experiment 4) The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is widely used by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat at the company cafeteria, or go out for lunch. A) observational study B) experiment 5) A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two. A) experiment B) observational study 6) A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After interviewing all 200 participants in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among the smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers. A) observational study B) experiment SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Identify the experimental units and treatments used in the experiment. 7) A medical researcher center wants to test the effectiveness of a new diabetes medication. The company identifies 98 adults suffering from a similar form of diabetes. The subjects are randomly assigned to two groups. One group is given a medication and the other is given a placebo that looks exactly like the medication. After three months, the subjects ʹ symptoms are studied and compared. 2 Identify a Biased Sample SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 8) Explain what bias there is in a study done entirely online. 9) A report sponsored by the California Citrus Commission stated that cholesterol levels can be lowered by drinking at least one glass of a citrus product each day. Determine if the report is biased. 10) A local newspaper ran a survey by asking, ʺ Do you support the deployment of a weapon that could kill millions of innocent people? ʺ Determine whether the survey question is biased. Page 5

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    3 Identify Sampling Techniques MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the sampling technique used. 11) Thirty - five sophomores, 30 juniors and 33 seniors are randomly selected from 281 sophomores, 242 juniors and 529 seniors at a certain high school. A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 12) Every fifth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly. A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) stratified 13) At a local community college, five statistics classes are randomly selected out of 20 and all of the students from each class are interviewed. A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified 14) A researcher randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female teachers. A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 15) A researcher for an airline interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected flights. A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified 16) A community college student interviews everyone in a particular statistics class to determine the percentage of students that own a car. A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) systematic E) stratified 17) Based on 12,500 responses from 36,500 questionnaires sent to its alumni, a major university estimated that the annual salary of its alumni was $116,000 per year. A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 18) In a recent television survey, participants were asked to answer ʺ yes ʺ or ʺ no ʺ to the question ʺ Are you in favor of the death penalty? ʺ Six thousand five hundred responded ʺ yes ʺ while 4700 responded ʺ no ʺ . There was a fifty - cent charge for the call. A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic 19) A lobbyist for a major airspace firm assigns a number to each legislator and then uses a computer to randomly generate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the legislators corresponding to these numbers. A) random B) convenience C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic 20) To ensure customer satisfaction, every 20th phone call received by customer service will be monitored. A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) convenience 21) A market researcher randomly selects 400 drivers under 45 years of age and 100 drivers over 45 years of age. A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 22) To avoid working late, the quality control manager inspects the last 60 items produced that day. A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic 23) The names of 70 contestants are written on 70 cards. The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag. A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 24) A researcher randomly selected 70 of the nation ʹ s middle schools and interviewed all of the teachers at each school. A) cluster B) random C) stratified D) convenience E) systematic Page 6

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    SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 25) After a hurricane, a disaster area is divided into 200 equal grids. Thirty of the grids are selected and every occupied household in the grid is interviewed to help focus relief efforts. Select the numbers of the first five grids that belong to the cluster sample. 16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157 26) There are 750 incoming freshmen attending a university this fall. A researcher wishes to send questionnaires to a sample of 30 of them to complete regarding their drinking habits. Select the numbers of the first five freshmen who belong to the simple random sample. 16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157 27) A college employs 85 faculty members. Without replacement, select the numbers of the five members who will serve on the tenure committee next year. 16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157 28) Of the 5000 outpatients released from a local hospital in the past year, one hundred were contacted and asked their opinion on the care they received. Select the first five patients who belong to the simple random sample. 16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, decide what sampling technique you would use. 29) The average age of the 80 residents of an assisted living center. A) census B) random sampling C) stratified sampling D) cluster sampling 4 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 30) Explain the differences between cluster sampling and stratified sampling. 31) Explain the difference between a census and a sampling and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each. Page 7

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    Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics Answer Key 1.1 An Overview of Statistics 1 Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample 1) A 2) A 3) population: collection of all American households; sample: collection of 1212 American households surveyed 4) population: collection of all American households; sample: collection of 1348 American households surveyed 5) population: elementary school children; sample: collection of 2625 elementary school children surveyed. 6) A 2 Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic 7) It describes a statistic because the number $130,000 is based on a subset of the population. 8) It describes a parameter because the $44,000 is based on all the workers at the car manufacturer. 9) It describes a statistic because the number 1040 is based on a subset of the population. 3 Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics 10) A 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 4 Concepts 15) A population is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest.. A sample is a subset of a population. 16) A sample would be used. It is usually impractical to obtain all the population data. 1.2 Data Classification 1 Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 2 Classify Data with Respect to the Four Levels of Measurement 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) A 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 15) A 16) A 17) A 18) A 19) A 20) A 21) A 22) A 23) A 24) A 25) A Page 8

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    3 Concepts 26) Data at the ratio level are similar to data at the interval level, but with the added property that a zero entry is an inherent zero (implies ʺ none ʺ ). Also, for data at the ratio level a ratio of two data values can be formed so that one data value can be expressed as a multiple of another. 27) Such data is at the interval level rather than the ratio level because the temperature of 0°C does not represent a condition where no heat is present, so it is not an inherent zero as required by the ratio level. Also, ratios of two temperatures cannot be formed so that one data value is expressed as a multiple of the other. The temperature 2°C is not twice as warm as 1°C. 1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design 1 Decide Whether Study is Observational Study or Experiment 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) The experimental units are the 98 adults in the study. The treatment is the new diabetes medication. 2 Identify a Biased Sample 8) The study may be biased because it is limited to people with computers. 9) A report sponsored by the citrus industry is much more likely to reach conclusions favorable to the industry. 10) The wording of the question is biased, as it tends to encourage negative responses. 3 Identify Sampling Techniques 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 15) A 16) A 17) A 18) A 19) A 20) A 21) A 22) A 23) A 24) A 25) 163, 169, 15, 92, 97 26) 163, 487, 693, 169, 513 27) 16, 34, 69, 38, 13 28) 1634, 3890, 1695, 1392, 1509 29) A 4 Concepts 30) In stratified sampling, members of the population are divided into two or more subsets, or strata, that share a similar characteristic. A sample is then randomly selected from each of the strata. A stratified sample has members from each segment of the population. In cluster sampling, the population is divided into naturally occurring subgroups, each having similar characteristics. All of the members in one or more (but not all) of the clusters are then selected. In a cluster sample, care must be taken to ensure that all clusters have similar characteristics. 31) A census is a count or measure of an entire population, while a sampling is a count or measure of part of a population. A census provides complete information but is often expensive, difficult, and time consuming to perform especially if the population is large. A sampling is less expensive and time consuming, however appropriate sampling techniques must be used to ensure that unbiased data are collected and that the sample is representative of the population. Even with the best sampling methods, sampling error can occur. Page 9

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    Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics 2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs 1 Interpret a Frequency Distribution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the given frequency distribution to find the (a) class width. (b) class midpoints of the first class. (c) class boundaries of the first class. 1) Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f 50 - 52 5 53 - 55 8 56 - 58 12 59 - 61 13 62 - 64 11 A) (a) 3 (b) 51 (c) 49.5 - 52.5 B) (a) 2 (b) 51.5 (c) 49.5 - 52.5 C) (a) 3 (b) 51 (c) 50 - 52 D) (a) 2 (b) 51.5 (c) 50 - 52 2) Phone Calls (per day) Class Frequency, f 8 - 11 18 12 - 15 23 16 - 19 38 20 - 23 47 24 - 27 32 A) (a) 4 (b) 9.5 (c) 7.5 - 11.5 B) (a) 3 (b) 10.5 (c) 8 - 11 C) (a) 4 (b) 10.5 (c) 8 - 11 D) (a) 3 (b) 9.5 (c) 7.5 - 11.5 3) Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f 135 - 139 6 140 - 144 4 145 - 149 11 150 - 154 15 155 - 159 8 A) (a) 5 (b) 137 (c) 134.5 - 139.5 B) (a) 5 (b) 137 (c) 135 - 139 C) (a) 4 (b) 137.5 (c) 134.5 - 139.5 D) (a) 4 (b) 137.5 (c) 135 - 139 Page 10

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    4) Miles (per day) Class Frequency, f 1 - 2 9 3 - 4 22 5 - 6 28 7 - 8 15 9 - 10 4 A) (a) 2 (b) 1.5 (c) 0.5 - 2.5 B) (a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 0.5 - 2.5 C) (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 - 2 D) (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 - 2 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Use the maximum and minimum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits, and the upper class limits. 5) min = 1, max = 30, 6 classes 6) min = 80, max = 265, 6 classes 2 Interpret Frequency Distribution Graphs MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 7) Use the ogive below to approximate the number in the sample. A) 80 B) 100 C) 341 D) 28 Page 11

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    8) Use the ogive below to approximate the cumulative frequency for 24 hours. A) 63 B) 17 C) 27 D) 75 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Use the relative frequency histogram to a) identify the class with the greatest, and the class with the least, relative frequency. b) approximate the greatest and least relative frequencies. c) approximate the relative frequency of the fifth class. 9) Use the given frequency distribution to construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon. 10) Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f 50 - 52 5 53 - 55 8 56 - 58 12 59 - 61 13 62 - 64 11 Page 12

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    11) Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f 135 - 139 6 140 - 144 4 145 - 149 11 150 - 154 15 155 - 159 8 Use the given frequency distribution to construct a cumulative frequency distribution and an ogive. 12) Phone Calls (per day) Class Frequency, f 8 - 11 18 12 - 15 23 16 - 19 38 20 - 23 47 24 - 27 32 13) Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f 50 - 52 5 53 - 55 8 56 - 58 12 59 - 61 13 62 - 64 11 14) Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f 135 - 139 6 140 - 144 4 145 - 149 11 150 - 154 15 155 - 159 8 15) Miles (per day) Class Frequency, f 1 - 2 9 3 - 4 22 5 - 6 28 7 - 8 15 9 - 10 4 3 Construct a Frequency Distribution from Data Set MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 16) A city in the Pacific Northwest recorded its highest temperature at 73 degrees Fahrenheit and its lowest temperature at 22 degrees Fahrenheit for a particular year. Use this information to find the upper and lower limits of the first class if you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes. A) 22 - 27 B) 22 - 28 C) 17 - 27 D) 22 - 26 Page 13

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    17) A sample of candies have weights that vary from 2.35 grams to 4.75 grams. Use this information to find the upper and lower limits of the first class if you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 12 classes. A) 2.35 - 2.55 B) 2.35 - 2.54 C) 2.35 - 2.65 D) 2.35 - 2.75 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. The grade point averages for 40 students are listed below. 2.0 3.2 1.8 2.9 0.9 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.6 0.8 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 4.0 3.1 3.2 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.7 0.5 3.6 3.4 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.1 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.5 3.2 3.0 2.2 18) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution using eight classes. Include the midpoints of the classes. 19) Construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon using eight classes. 20) Construct an ogive using eight classes. The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. 70 72 71 70 69 73 69 68 70 71 67 71 70 74 69 68 71 71 71 72 69 71 68 67 73 74 70 71 69 68 21) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution using five classes. 22) Construct a frequency histogram using five classes. 23) Construct a relative frequency histogram using five classes. 24) Construct a frequency polygon using five classes. 25) Construct a ogive using five classes. The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The results are listed below. 44 38 41 50 36 36 43 42 49 48 35 40 37 41 43 50 45 45 39 38 50 41 47 36 35 40 42 43 48 33 26) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution using six classes. 27) Construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon using six classes. 28) Construct an ogive using six classes. Page 14

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    Provide an appropriate response. 29) Listed below are the ACT scores of 40 randomly selected students at a major university. 18 22 13 15 24 24 20 19 19 12 16 25 14 19 21 23 25 18 18 13 26 26 25 25 19 17 18 15 13 21 19 19 14 24 20 21 23 22 19 17 a) Construct a relative frequency histogram of the data, using eight classes. b) If the university wants to accept the top 90% of the applicants, what should the minimum score be? c) If the university sets the minimum score at 17, what percent of the applicants will be accepted? 4 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 30) Explain the difference between class limits and class boundaries. 2.2 More Graphs and Displays 1 Interpret Data Sets MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Match the description of the sample with the correct plot. 1) Time (in minutes) it takes a sample of employees to drive to work A) B) C) Key: 0 9 = 0.9 0 1 2 3 4 9 4 9 3 6 7 8 0 1 5 6 8 0 D) Key: 7 2 = 72 6 7 8 9 8 9 0 2 3 3 6 7 8 2 4 5 6 7 7 8 0 1 1 5 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 2) The numbers of home runs that Sammy Sosa hit in the first 15 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Make a stem - and - leaf plot for this data. What can you conclude about the data? 4 15 10 8 33 25 36 40 36 66 63 50 64 49 40 3) The numbers of home runs that Barry Bonds hit in the first 18 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Make a stem - and - leaf plot for this data. What can you conclude about the data? 16 25 24 19 33 25 34 46 37 33 42 40 37 34 49 73 46 45 Page 15

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