Solution Manual for Business Statistics, 3rd Edition

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SOLUTIONSMANUALDIRKTEMPELAARMasstricht UniversityBUSINESSSTATISTICSTHIRDEDITIONRobert A. Donnelly

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Table of ContentsChapter 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics………………………………………………1-1Chapter 2: Displaying Descriptive Statistics……………………………………………………2-1Chapter 3: Calculating Descriptive Statistics………………………………………...…………3-1Chapter 4: Introduction to Probabilities…………………………………………...……………4-1Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions…………………………………………..………5-1Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions……………………………………………….6-1Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions………………………………………………7-1Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals………………………………………………………………...8-1Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing for a Single Population………………………………………...9-1Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Comparing Two Populations…………………………………..10-1Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Procedures……………………………………..11-1Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests………………………………………………………………….12-1Chapter 13: Hypothesis Tests for the Population Variance……………………………………13-1Chapter 14: Correlation and Simple Linear Regression……………………………………….14-1Chapter 15: Multiple Regression and Model Building………………………………………...15-1Chapter 16: Forecasting………………………………………………………………………..16-1Chapter 17: Decision Analysis………………………………………………………………...17-1Chapter 18: Nonparametric Statistics………………………………………………………….18-1

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1-1CHAPTER 1An Introduction to Business Statistics1.1Quantitative/Interval. The differences between average monthly temperatures aremeaningful, but there is no true zero point, i.e., absence of temperature.1.2Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between average monthly rainfalls are meaningful, andthere is a true zero point, because there may be a month without any rainfalls.1.3Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank education level, but the differences between differenteducational levels cannot be measured.1.4Qualitative/Nominal. The marital status is just a label without a meaningful difference, orranking.1.5Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between ages of respondents are meaningful and thereis a true zero point: an age of the respondents that equals zero represents the absence of age.1.6Qualitative/Nominal. The genders are merely labels with no ranking or meaningfuldifference.1.7Quantitative/Interval. The differences between birth years are meaningful, but there is no truezero point with calendar years.1.8Qualitative/ Nominal. The political affiliations are merely labels with no ranking ormeaningful difference.1.9Qualitative/ Nominal. The races of the respondents are merely labels with no ranking ormeaningful difference.1.10Qualitative/ Ordinal. You can rank the performance rating, but the differences betweendifferent performance ratings cannot be measured.1.11Qualitative/ Nominal. The uniform numbers of each member of the school’s sport team arelabels with no ranking or meaningful difference.1.12Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between class ranks are notmeaningful.

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1-2Chapter 11.13Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between final exam scores for your statistics classare meaningful, and there is a true zero point because a student who did not take the examwould have a score of zero.1.14Qualitative/Nominal. The state in which the respondents in a survey reside is a label and itis meaningless to talk about the rating of this value.1.15Quantitative/Interval. The differences between SAT scores for graduating high schoolstudents are meaningful, but there is no true zero point because a student with an SAT scoreequal to zero does not indicate the absence of a score.1.16Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank movie ratings, but the differences betweendifferent ratings cannot be measured.1.17Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.1.18Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.1.19Cross-sectional1.20Time series1.21Time series: Men weekly earnings over the five years.Time series: Women weekly earnings over the five years.1.22Cross-sectional data: Men and women workers weekly earnings for any one particular year.1.23Cross-sectional: The number of 8x10, 11x14 and 13x19 prints sold over a particular year.1.24Time series: the number of 8x10 prints sold over the four years.Time series: the number of 11x14 prints sold over the four years.Time series: the number of 13x19 prints sold over the four years.1.25Descriptive statistics, because it identifies a sample mean.1.26Inferential statistics, because the statements about comparing the average costs of a hotelroom in two states was based on results from samples taken from two populations.

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An Introduction to Business Statistics1-31.27Inferential statistics, because it would not be feasible to get the credit card debt from everygraduate student in the country. These results would be based on a sample of the populationused to make an inference about the entire population.1.28Descriptive statistics, because we summarize reviewer scores without going into inference.1.29Inferential statistics, because it would not be feasible to survey every American in thecountry. These results are based on a sample of the population used to make aninference on the entire population.1.30Descriptive statistics, because this percentage represents the proportion of a specific groupof customers arriving before 6 PM and is not making an inference about the entirepopulation of customers.

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2-1CHAPTER 2Displaying Descriptive Statistics2.1a)72128100therefore use 7 classes.b)92512300therefore use 9 classes.c)1021,0241,000therefore use 10 classes.d)1122,0482,000therefore use 11 classes.2.2626450therefore use 6 classes.7416Estimated Class Width9.7106a)16-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75b)16 to under 26,26 to under 36, 36 to under 46,46 to under 56, 56 to under 66, 66 to under 762.3CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeNumberFrequencyFrequency160.2500.250260.2500.500350.2080.708440.1670.875530.1251.00Total241.002.4523230therefore use 5 classes.42.813.9Estimated Class Width5.865

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2-2Chapter 2CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeClassFrequencyFrequency13 to less than 1960.2000.20019 to less than 25110.3670.56725 to less than 3140.1330.70031 to less than 3770.2330.93337 to less than 4320.0671.0Total301.002.5626436therefore use 6 classes.$5,927$162Estimated Class Width$960$1, 0006a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeClassFrequencyFrequencyLess than $1,000120.3330.333$1,000 to less than $2,00080.2220.555$2,000 to less than $3,00030.0830.638$3,000 to less than $4,00020.0560.694$4,000 to less than $5,00060.1670.861$5,000 to less than $6,00050.1391.000Total361.000d)The following histogram was constructed using bins $999, $1,999, $2,999, $3,999, $4,999,and $5,999.

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Displaying Descriptive Statistics2-32.6523225therefore use 5 classes.4618Estimated Class Width5.665a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeClassFrequencyFrequency18-2320.080.0824-2960.240.3230-3550.200.5236-4150.200.7242-4770.281.00Total251.00d)The following histogram was constructed using bins 23, 29, 35, 41, and 47.

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2-4Chapter 22.7a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeNumberFrequencyFrequency030.0430.0431210.3000.3432230.3290.6723150.2140.886480.1141.000Total701.000d)The following histogram was constructed using bins 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.2.8626440therefore use 6 classes.7619Estimated Class Width (Current)9.5106Results would be similar using the laid-off ages.ClassBinsMidpoint19 to less than 2928.92429 to less than 3938.93439 to less than 4948.94449 to less than 5958.95459 to less than 6968.96469 to less than 7978.974

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Displaying Descriptive Statistics2-5An extra bin (18.9) was added to Excel to provide the open-ended class required by PHStat.a)b)According to these ogives, it appears that the current workforce is younger than the laid-offemployees. It appears that the laid-off employees may have a case for age discrimination.2.992512350therefore use 9 classes.$349.99$2.19Estimated Class Width$38.64$409a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeClassFrequencyFrequencyLess than $40520.1490.149$40 to less than $801030.2940.443$80 to less than $120910.2600.703$120 to less than $160650.1860.889$160 to less than $200150.0430.932$200 to less than $240110.0310.963$240 to less than $28050.0140.977$280 to less than $32050.0140.991$320 to less than $36030.0091.000Total3501.000

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2-6Chapter 2d)The following histogram was constructed using bins 39.999, 79.999, 119.999, 159.999,199.999, 239.999, 279.999, 319.999, and 359.999.2.1072128125therefore use 7 classes.83.271.0Estimated Class Width1.727a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeClassFrequencyFrequency71 to less than 7350.0400.04073 to less than 75370.2960.33675 to less than 77440.3520.68877 to less than 79310.2480.93679 to less than 8160.0480.98481 to less than 8310.0080.99283 to less than 8510.0081.000Total1251.000d)The following histogram was constructed using bins 72.99, 74.99, 76.99, 78.99, 80.99, 82.99,and 84.99.

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Displaying Descriptive Statistics2-7e)For 68.8% of the days, ocean temps were lower than 77 degrees.2.11a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeCategoryFrequencyFrequencyGoogle200.6670.667Yahoo50.1670.833Bing20.0670.900Baidu20.0670.967Other10.0331.000Total301.000

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2-8Chapter 2d)2.12a, b, c)CumulativeFrequencyRelativeRelativeCategoryFrequencyFrequencyExcellent160.2670.267Good310.5170.783Fair80.1330.917Poor50.0831.000Total601.000d)e)78.3% rated their dining experience as either Excellent or Good.