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Anatomy and Physiology - The Cardiovascular System

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Study GuideAnatomy and Physiology–The Cardiovascular System1.Quiz: The Blood1. QuestionThe major element of whole blood is __________.Answer Choices• plasma• platelets• leukocytesCorrect AnswerplasmaWhy This Is CorrectPlasmais the liquid part of blood and makes up about55%of whole blood.It carries nutrients, hormones, wastes, and proteins.2. QuestionLeukocytes make up less than 0.5% of whole blood. Of that amount, approximately __________ arelymphocytes.Answer Choices• 3–8%• 20–25%• 60–70%

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Study GuideCorrect Answer20–25%Why This Is CorrectLymphocytes typically make up about20–25%of white blood cells in a normal WBC count.3. QuestionWhich leukocyte is the rarest when a person is not sick?Answer Choices• basophils• eosinophils• monocytesCorrect AnswerbasophilsWhy This Is CorrectBasophilsare the least common type of leukocyte in normal blood.4. QuestionWhich leukocytes typically do NOT contain granules?Answer Choices• basophils• neutrophils• lymphocytes

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerlymphocytesWhy This Is CorrectLymphocytes areagranulocytes, meaning they do not have obvious granules like basophils andneutrophils do.5. QuestionWhich leukocyte does NOT have a multi-lobed nucleus?Answer Choices• basophil• eosinophil• lymphocyteCorrect AnswerlymphocyteWhy This Is CorrectLymphocyteshave a large round nucleus and arenot multi-lobed.Basophils and eosinophils have lobed nuclei.6. QuestionWhich leukocyte releases the most histamine?Answer Choices• basophils• neutrophils• eosinophils

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerbasophilsWhy This Is CorrectBasophilsreleasehistamine, which causes vasodilation and helps immune cells reach the infectedarea faster.7. QuestionWhich leukocytes do not have multi-lobed nuclei?Answer Choices• lymphocytes and monocytes• neutrophils and basophils• basophils and eosinophilsCorrect Answerlymphocytes and monocytesWhy This Is CorrectLymphocytesandmonocytesare agranulocytes withnon-lobed nuclei, unlike granulocytes.8. QuestionWhich leukocytes can leave the bloodstream and return back into it?Answer Choices• monocytes• lymphocytes• neutrophils

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerlymphocytesWhy This Is CorrectLymphocytescan move between blood and tissues andreturn to circulation, unlike mostneutrophils.9. QuestionWhich leukocytes can produce antibodies?Answer Choices• monocytes• neutrophils• B lymphocytesCorrect AnswerB lymphocytesWhy This Is CorrectB lymphocytesproduceantibodies(especially when they become plasma cells).10. QuestionNeutrophils are called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because __________.Answer Choices• they have many nuclei• their nucleus can take on a variety of shapes• some have a single nucleus and some have many nuclei

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Study GuideCorrect Answertheir nucleus can take on a variety of shapesWhy This Is CorrectNeutrophils have a nucleus withmultiple lobes, giving it different shapes—so they are“polymorphonuclear.”11. QuestionNeutrophils are attracted to the site of infection by __________.Answer Choices• chemotaxis• phototaxis• hemotaxisCorrect AnswerchemotaxisWhy This Is CorrectChemotaxismeans movement toward chemicals released by damaged tissues or bacteria.12. QuestionPhagocytosis is when leukocytes can __________.Answer Choices• engulf and kill bacteria• enter and exit the bloodstream to go to the infected site• kill bacteria by releasing toxins only

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Study GuideCorrect Answerengulf and kill bacteriaWhy This Is CorrectPhagocytosisis the process of a cellengulfing and digestingpathogens like bacteria.13. QuestionWhich leukocytes respond strongly during allergies?Answer Choices• eosinophils• neutrophils• lymphocytesCorrect AnswereosinophilsWhy This Is CorrectEosinophilsoften increase duringallergic reactionsand also fight parasites.14. QuestionWhich erythrocyte characteristic allows easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?Answer Choices• flattened shape• lack of a nucleus• lack of organelles

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Study GuideCorrect Answerflattened shapeWhy This Is CorrectRed blood cells have abiconcave (flattened) shape, giving them a large surface area for quick gasexchange.15. QuestionHow many oxygen atoms can one erythrocyte transport?Answer Choices• 4• 250 million• 1 billionCorrect Answer1 billionWhy This Is CorrectOne red blood cell contains about250 million hemoglobin molecules, and each hemoglobin cancarry4 oxygen atoms.That equals about1 billion oxygen atoms total.16. QuestionOxygen binds to which portion of hemoglobin?Answer Choices• iron• protein• globin

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerironWhy This Is CorrectOxygen binds to theiron (Fe²⁺)inside the heme group of hemoglobin.17. QuestionCarbon dioxide binds to the __________ portion of hemoglobin.Answer Choices• iron• heme• amino acidCorrect Answeramino acidWhy This Is CorrectCO₂binds to theamino acid (globin)portion of hemoglobin, not the iron.18. QuestionCarbon monoxide competes with oxygen by binding to the same site. What is the binding site?Answer Choices• iron• globin• amino acid

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Study GuideCorrect AnswerironWhy This Is CorrectCarbon monoxide binds strongly to theironsite in hemoglobin, blocking oxygen from attaching.19. QuestionFragments of megakaryocytes are called __________.Answer Choices• platelets• plasma proteins• circulating antigensCorrect AnswerplateletsWhy This Is CorrectPlateletsare cell fragments frommegakaryocytesand are essential for blood clotting.20. QuestionThe process of blood clotting is called __________.Answer Choices• hemostasis• agglutination• homeostasis
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Document Details

University
Texas A&M University
Course
Anatomy and Physiology
Subject
Anatomy and Physiology

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