Study Guide for Statewide APHY101 Online Midterm ExamNOTE: The midterm exam will pull:40 questions from Chapters 1, 2, and 3 combined,16 questions from Ch. 4,19 questions from Ch. 5, &25 questions from Ch. 6.Chapter 1Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the study of Physiology?1.Anatomy – “a cutting up” examines the structures, or morphology, of body parts their forms &organization2.“ Relationship to nature” considers the functions of the body parts what they do & how they do itName and define the levels of organization of life?Simplest to most complex1.Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organismDefine metabolism.1.Physiological events that obtain,release, & use energy are largely part of metabolism of all thechemical reactions in an organism that support lifeDefine homeostasis? How does a homeostatic mechanism maintain homeostasis?1.Tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially asmaintained by physiological processWhat is meant by negative feedback? How does negative feedback affect homeostatic mechanisms?2.Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kindof stimulus. Often it causes the output of a system to be lessened; so, the feedback tends to stabilizethe system. This can be referred to as homeostatis, as in biology, or equilibrium, as in mechanicsKnow the locations of the major body cavities. Be familiar with major organs within each cavity.2.Cranial Cavity3.Spinal Cavity4.Pleural Cavity5.Pleural Cavity6.Diaphragm7.Abdominal Cavity8.Pelvic CavityDescribe the structure of a serous membrane?1.Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layerunderneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flatnucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid(Referring to section 7) What are signs of aging at the cellular level?What is meant by Anatomical Position?1.The body is assumed to be standing, feet together, arms to the side and head, eyes, and palms ofhands facing forwardPage Preview Mode
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