Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which of the following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of thebody, from least to most complex?1)A)cells, tissues, organs, organ systemsB)organ systems, organs, tissues, cellsC)tissues, cells, organs, organ systemsD)organ systems, cells, tissues, organsE)cells, tissues, organ systems, organsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2)What percentage of adults in the United States is obese?2)A)15%B)30%C)10%D)20%E)25%Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3)What are the two extracellular fluid compartments of the body?3)A)intracellular fluid and bloodB)intracellular fluid and interstitial fluidC)interstitial fluid and bloodD)intracellular fluid and plasmaE)interstitial fluid and plasmaAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)1

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4)The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the INTERNAL environment?4)A)urinary systemB)cardiovascular systemC)gastrointestinal and urinary systemsD)respiratory systemE)gastrointestinal systemAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5)Endocrine glands are derived from what type of tissue?5)A)epithelialB)muscleC)reticularD)connectiveE)nerveAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6)Which of the following compartments contains most of the water found in the human body?6)A)intracellular fluidB)lumen of the intestinal tractC)plasmaD)extracellular fluidE)interstitial fluidAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7)What type of tissue lines exocrine glands?7)A)epithelialB)connectiveC)nerveD)exonuclearE)muscleAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2

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8)Which of the following is a tissue type that includes the cells found within blood and bones?8)A)epithelial tissueB)nervous tissueC)muscle tissueD)connective tissueE)endocrine tissueAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9)Approximately what percentage of people living in the United States suffer from diabetes mellitus?9)A)8%B)15%C)1%D)0.5%E)0.1%Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10)Which of the following best describes intracellular fluid?10)A)rich in sodium, potassium, and chlorideB)rich in sodium and chlorideC)rich in potassium and chlorideD)rich in proteins and chlorideE)rich in proteins and potassiumAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)11)What is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis?11)A)negative feedbackB)inherent controlC)positive feedbackD)extrinsic controlE)intrinsic controlAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3

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12)Which of the following is a normal blood glucose level?12)A)100 gm/mLB)50 mg/dLC)50 mmolarD)100 mg/dLE)200 mmolarAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)13)Type I diabetes mellitus is also known as ________.13)A)juvenile onset diabetes mellitusB)diabetes insipidusC)ketoacidosisD)non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitusE)adult onset diabetes mellitusAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14)Name the two organ systems that the kidneys belong to.14)A)urinary and immune systemsB)urinary and digestive systemsC)endocrine and urinary systemsD)endocrine and gastrointestinal systemsE)urinary and skeletal systemsAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)15)The positive feedback loop involving luteinizing hormone and estrogen is terminated by ________.15)A)pregnancyB)nothing; the cycle cannot be terminatedC)ovulation, which decreases estrogen secretionD)ovulation, which directly inhibits luteinizing hormone secretionE)birthAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)4

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16)Luteinizing hormone-mediated regulation of estrogen during ovulation in women is an example of________.16)A)a quasi-negative feedback loopB)both a positive and negative feedback loopC)a negative feedback loopD)a quasi-positive feedback loopE)a positive feedback loopAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)17)Which of the following is NOT a primary type of tissue?17)A)connectiveB)nerveC)epithelialD)muscleE)skeletalAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)18)What type of gland secretes products into ducts leading to the external environment?18)A)endocrine glandsB)neither endocrine nor exocrineC)exocrine glandsD)both endocrine and exocrineAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)Glands are derived from what type of tissue?19)A)epithelialB)nerveC)muscleD)connectiveE)kleenexAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5

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20)Which of the following statements about homeostasis is FALSE?20)A)Illness can result if homeostasis is disrupted.B)The extracellular fluid is maintained in a state compatible for life.C)The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is positive feedback.D)The organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.E)Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal environment.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)21)Whatis a general name for the non-cellular material that holds the widely scattered cells ofconnective tissue together?21)A)Intracellular matrixB)ElastinC)CollagenD)Extracellular matrixE)Basement membraneAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)22)Which of the following is NOT a part of the internal environment?22)A)airways to lungsB)bloodC)brainD)endocrine glandsE)heartAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)23)Which of the following statements about homeostasis is FALSE?23)A)The organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.B)The intracellular fluid makes up the majority of the body fluids.C)Intrinsic control mechanisms maintain the extracellular fluid in a constant state.D)The extracellular fluid is maintained in a state compatible for life.E)The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is negative feedback.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6

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24)What organ system functions in communication between cells of the body?24)A)endocrine onlyB)integumentary onlyC)bothnervous and endocrineD)nervous onlyE)nervous, integumentary, and endocrineAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)25)The maintenance of a stable internal environment compatible for life is called what?25)A)biochemistryB)microbiologyC)homeostasisD)anatomyE)physiologyAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)26)Which of the following is NOT a component of the gastrointestinal system?26)A)kidneysB)gall bladderC)salivary glandsD)stomachE)liverAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)27)What separates the internal environment of the body from the external environment?27)A)plasma membrane of all body cellsB)waterC)membranes of blood cellsD)walls of blood vesselsE)epitheliumAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7

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28)Which of the following descriptions INCORRECTLY describes the tissue type?28)A)Nervous tissue is specialized for transmission of electrical impulses.B)Epithelial tissue forms glands.C)Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external environments.D)Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and generation of force.E)Epithelial tissue lines the lumen of internal organs.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)29)What organ system includes the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland?29)A)cardiovascularB)integumentaryC)nervousD)immuneE)endocrineAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)30)What cells secrete insulin?30)A)beta cells of the pancreasB)several cells located throughout the bodyC)G cells of the adrenal cortexD)I cells of the adrenal cortexE)alpha cells of the pancreasAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)31)Which of the following organ systems is primarily involved in the process of digestion?31)A)cardiovascular systemB)gastrointestinal systemC)immune systemD)endocrine systemE)integumentary systemAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8

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32)What tissue type functions in the transport of specific molecules from one body compartment toanother?32)A)nervous tissueB)muscle tissueC)epithelial tissueD)reticular tissueE)connective tissueAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)33)Who would be more prone to develop diabetes mellitus type II?33)A)thin white adultB)obese white adultC)obese hispanic childD)thin, malnourished African American childE)obese hispanic adultAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)34)Which of the following is NOT one of themajorcell types found in the human body?34)A)endocrine cellsB)muscle cellsC)connective tissue cellsD)nervous cellsE)epithelial cellsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)35)What organ system protects the body against pathogens and abnormal cells?35)A)integumentaryB)endocrineC)respiratoryD)immuneE)nervousAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9

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36)What type of tissue separates the internal from the external environment?36)A)nerveB)plasma membraneC)reticularD)connectiveE)epithelialAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)37)Which of the following is a protein found in the body that provides the tensile strength to resiststretching?37)A)VimentinB)ElastinC)ErythropoietinD)CollagenE)Basement membraneAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)38)Where is most of our total body water?38)A)in the lumen of the kidneysB)surrounding the cellsC)in bloodD)inside cellsE)in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tractAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)39)What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?39)A)one is a lack of insulin secretion, the other a resistance to insulinB)one causes diarrhea the other causes diuresisC)one is a deficit in insulin activity, the other a deficit in ADH activityD)one causes increased fluid loss, the other causes increased thirstE)one is a lack of ADH secretion, the other a resistance to ADHAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10

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40)Which tissue type includes cells contained in an extracellular matrix composed of collagen andelastin?40)A)endocrine tissueB)connective tissueC)nervous tissueD)muscle tissueE)epithelial tissueAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)41)The process of maintaining the internal environment in a state compatible for life is called________, and it occurs primarily through ________.41)A)intrinsic control : homeostasisB)intrinsic control : negative feedbackC)negative feedback : intrinsic controlD)positive feedback : intrinsic controlE)homeostasis : negative feedbackAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)42)Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?42)A)At the time of birth, uterine contractions push the baby toward the cervix. Receptors in thecervix detect the pressure caused by the baby and cause the release of a hormone calledoxytocin. This hormone stimulates stronger uterine contractions, which push more on thebaby, causing an increase in pressure and another increase in oxytocin. The cycle continuesuntil the baby is delivered from the mother.B)During a blood clot, platelets release ADP, which stimulates platelet aggregation, causingplatelets to release more ADP.C)During an infection, the body temperature set point is increased. The hypothalamuscommunicates to skeletal muscles to shiver and to blood vessels to decrease blood flow to theskin, causing a rise in body temperature.D)If blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the changeand send signals to the brain. Certain areas of the brain then send signals to the nerves thatcontrol the heart and blood vessels to make the heart beat slower and the blood vesselsincrease in diameter, which in turn reduce the blood pressure.E)Consumption of caffeine increases urine output, causing dehydration.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)11

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.43)What cells secrete insulin and where are they located?43)Answer:beta cells located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreasExplanation:44)What percentage of people in the United States have diabetes mellitus?44)Answer:8Explanation:45)Cells that carry oxygen in the bloodstream are called ________.45)Answer:erythrocytesExplanation:46)List the essential components of a feedback loop and describe their function.46)Answer:Sensor-detects the regulated variableSet point-value to which the regulated variable is compared by the integratorIntegrator-determines the extent of the error signal in order to provide appropriateeffector responseEffector-that which can alter the regulated variableExplanation:47)The smallest living units, capable of carrying out its own basic life processes are ________.47)Answer:cellsExplanation:48)What organ system(s) provides communication between the cells of the body?48)Answer:nervous and endocrineExplanation:49)The ________ is the interior compartment of a hollow organ or vessel.49)Answer:lumenExplanation:50)Name the two types of glands and describe their secretions.50)Answer:Exocrine glands secrete their product into ducts that lead to an epithelial surface.Endocrine glands secrete their product (hormones) into the bloodstream where thehormones travel throughout the body.Explanation:51)The layer of epithelial cells that coats the inside (lumen) of blood vessels is called the________.51)Answer:endotheliumExplanation:52)Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also called ________.52)Answer:type 1 diabetes mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitusExplanation:12

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53)The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called ________.53)Answer:ligamentsExplanation:54)The fluid (non-cellular) portion of blood is called ________.54)Answer:plasmaExplanation:55)The process whereby fluid and ions that have not been removed by the kidneys exit thebody as urine is referred to as ________.55)Answer:excretionExplanation:56)The fluid compartment with a high protein and potassium concentration is called________.56)Answer:intracellular fluidExplanation:57)Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. It is released when glucose levelsincrease above normal. Based on the concept of negative feedback, insulin (increases /decreases) blood glucose levels.57)Answer:decreasesExplanation:58)Body mass index is a measure of weight in kilograms relative to ________.58)Answer:height in meters (squared)Explanation:59)Define homeostasis.59)Answer:Homeostasis is the process whereby the body maintains the internal environment ina state compatible for life.Explanation:60)The process whereby enzymes are moved into the gastrointestinal tract to digest nutrientsis called ________.60)Answer:secretionExplanation:61)Name the types of tissue described below.This tissue is specialized for transport and exchange of material.This tissue is a major component of bone, ligaments, and blood.This tissue is specialized for generating electrical signals.This tissue is specialized to contract.61)Answer:epithelial, connective, nervous, muscleExplanation:62)Most of the water in the body is found (inside cells / in blood / bathing cells).62)Answer:inside cellsExplanation:13

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.63)Organs of the body are defined as ________.63)A)two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to functionindependentlyB)a collection of tissues that function independently of one anotherC)a combination of two or more tissues that makes a structure which performs specificfunctionsD)a collection of cells that perform similar functionsE)a collection of cells that function independently of one anotherAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)64)Homeostasis is a term which describes the process whereby the body ________.64)A)affects the external environmentB)maintains a constant internal and external environmentC)maintains a constant external environmentD)maintains a variable internal environmentE)maintains a constant internal environmentAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)65)The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called________.65)A)plasmaB)extracellular fluidC)intracellular fluidD)interstitial fluidE)intercellular fluidAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14

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66)The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstreamis called ________.66)A)absorptionB)reabsorptionC)filtrationD)excretionE)secretionAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)67)The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called ________.67)A)organsB)cellsC)organellesD)tissuesE)organ systemsAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)68)Changes in the external environment alter the ________, which is detected by the ________, andthat information is sent to the integrator.68)A)regulated variable : set pointB)set point : regulated variableC)sensor : regulated variableD)regulated variable : sensorE)error signal : regulated variableAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)15

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