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Principles Of Human Physiology, 5th Edition Test Bank

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    Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is/are associated with the gastrointestinal system? 1) A) blood vessels B) adrenal gland C) bronchi D) esophagus E) brain Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 2) The fluid (non - cellular) portion of blood is called 2) A) interstitial fluid. B) the internal environment. C) intracellular matrix. D) intracellular fluid. E) plasma. Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 3) The ________ is the interior compartment of a hollow organ or vessel. 3) A) epithelium B) cavity C) basement membrane D) lumen E) intracellular matrix Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 1

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    4) Which of the following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of the body, from least to most complex? 4) A) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs B) organ systems, cells, tissues, organs C) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems D) organ systems, organs, tissues, cells E) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 5) Which of the following is a normal blood glucose level? 5) A) 50 mg/dL B) 50 mmolar C) 200 mmolar D) 100 mg/dL E) 100 gm/mL Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 6) Movement from the blood into the kidney tubules would represent which of the following processes? 6) A) filtration B) absorption C) reabsorption D) excretion E) secretion Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 2

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    7) The tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement, and whose activity is controlled both on a voluntary and involuntary level, is ________ tissue. 7) A) connective B) nervous C) skeletal D) epithelial E) muscle Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 8) The process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the kidneys is called 8) A) reabsorption. B) secretion. C) filtration. D) excretion. E) absorption. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 9) The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called 9) A) cells. B) organs. C) tissues. D) organ systems. E) organelles. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 10) Where is most of the water in the body found? 10) A) in the extracellular fluid B) in the plasma C) in the lumen of the stomach D) in the intracellular fluid E) in the interstitial fluid Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 3

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    11) Changes in the external environment alter the ________, which is detected by the ________, and that information is sent to the integrator. 11) A) error signal : regulated variable B) sensor : regulated variable C) set point : regulated variable D) regulated variable : sensor E) regulated variable : set point Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 12) Total body water is composed of 12) A) intracellular and extracellular fluid. B) plasma and intracellular fluid. C) extracellular fluid only. D) intracellular fluid only. E) intracellular and interstitial fluid. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 13) What cells secrete insulin? 13) A) neurons B) collagen cells C) exocrine cells D) alpha cells E) beta cells Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 14) Epithelial cells are associated with a noncellular material called a(n) 14) A) basement membrane. B) fibroblast. C) connective tissue. D) muscle fiber. E) endocrine gland. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 4

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    15) Glands are derived from what type of tissue? 15) A) epithelial B) connective C) reticular D) muscle E) nerve Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 16) Which statement below best defines homeostasis? 16) A) Homeostasis means all regulated variables are at the set point. B) Homeostasis refers to the regulation of temperature in the human body. C) Homeostasis is maintained through positive feedback loops. D) Homeostasis is the process whereby the body maintains the internal environment in a state compatible for life. E) Homeostasis is the process whereby the body changes with the external environment. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 17) Body mass index is a measure of weight in kilograms relative to 17) A) arm length. B) weight (in kilograms in water). C) height in meters (squared). D) waste circumference. E) gender. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 18) Which tissue type includes cells contained in an extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastin? 18) A) nervous tissue B) connective tissue C) endocrine tissue D) muscle tissue E) epithelial tissue Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 5

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    19) Movement from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract to the blood would represent which of the following processes? 19) A) secretion B) absorption C) filtration D) excretion E) reabsorption Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 20) Which of the following people would be more prone to develop diabetes mellitus type II? 20) A) a thin, malnourished, African American child B) an obese Hispanic child C) a thin white adult D) an obese Hispanic adult E) an obese white adult Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 21) Which of the following types of diabetes mellitus was formerly referred to as insulin - dependent or juvenile - onset diabetes mellitus? 21) A) type 2 B) prediabetes C) type 1 D) gestational diabetes E) diabetes insipidus Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 6

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    22) Luteinizing hormone - mediated regulation of estrogen during ovulation in women is an example of 22) A) both a positive and a negative feedback loop. B) a quasi - negative feedback loop. C) a quasi - positive feedback loop. D) a negative feedback loop. E) a positive feedback loop. Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 23) Which statement below lists the essential components of a feedback loop and describes their function? 23) A) Set point detects the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector decides if it will react or not to the signal. B) Sensor detects a regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; organ system returns the body back to normal C) Sensor detects a regulated variable; set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable. D) Integrator interprets the information; set point is the value of the regulated variable; effector alters the regulated variable. E) Set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; set point is the point the variable must always return to. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 24) The fluid compartment with a high protein and potassium concentration is called 24) A) interstitial fluid. B) extracellular fluid. C) total body water. D) the internal environment. E) intracellular fluid. Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 7

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    25) Of the following conditions associated with excess heat, which is the most serious condition? 25) A) heat stroke B) dizziness C) dehydration D) heat exhaustion E) excessive sweating Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 26) What tissue is specialized for separating fluids? 26) A) epithelial B) connective C) nervous D) muscle E) endocrine Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 27) What cells secrete insulin? 27) A) I cells of the adrenal cortex B) several cells located throughout the body C) G cells of the adrenal cortex D) beta cells of the pancreas E) alpha cells of the pancreas Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 28) What are the two major consequences for those who suffer from diabetes mellitus? 28) A) high blood glucose and excessive urination B) low blood sugar and fainting C) high blood glucose and glucose in the urine D) high blood glucose and cells that cannot utilize that glucose for energy E) high blood glucose and excessive thirst Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 8

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    29) Prediabetics have a fasting blood glucose level of ________ and, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), approximately ________ million Americans are prediabetic. 29) A) 300 - 400 mg/dL : 100 B) 500 - 1000 mg/dL : 300 C) 70 - 100 mg/dL : 10 D) 100 - 125 mg/dL : 80 E) 200 - 250 mg/dL : 50 Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 30) What percentage of women will develop type 2 diabetes after developing gestational diabetes? 30) A) 1 - 2% B) 12 - 15% C) 25 - 30% D) 5 - 10% E) 3 - 4% Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 31) The fluid compartment with a high sodium and protein concentration is called 31) A) plasma. B) interstitial fluid. C) extracellular fluid. D) intracellular and extracellular fluids. E) intracellular fluid. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 32) Where is most of our total body water located? 32) A) in blood B) in the lumen of the kidneys C) surrounding the cells D) in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract E) inside cells Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 9

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    33) Which tissue below contracts to generate force? 33) A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) reticular tissue Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 34) The fluid compartment with a high sodium concentration that contains only trace amounts of protein is called 34) A) intracellular fluid. B) interstitial fluid. C) extracellular fluid. D) intracellular and extracellular fluids. E) plasma. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 35) Which of the following compartments contain most of the water found in the human body? 35) A) plasma B) lumen of the intestinal tract C) intracellular fluid D) extracellular fluid E) interstitial fluid Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 36) Cells that carry oxygen in the bloodstream are called 36) A) lymphocytes. B) erythrocytes. C) karyocytes. D) hemoglobin. E) leukocytes. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 10

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    37) Referring to a membrane as "selectively permeable" describes its ability to 37) A) provide a barrier that restricts the movement of all molecules across a membrane. B) restrict only the movement of potassium across the membrane. C) allow the movement of particular molecules across a membrane. D) provide a minimal barrier that allows almost any molecule to move across a membrane. E) restrict only the movement of sodium across a membrane. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 38) Which of the following best describes intracellular fluid? 38) A) rich in sodium and chloride B) rich in proteins and potassium C) rich in sodium, potassium, and chloride D) rich in proteins and chloride E) rich in potassium and chloride Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 39) What are the structures that attach bone to muscle? 39) A) ligaments B) aponeuroses C) intracellular matrix proteins D) tendons E) extracellular matrix proteins Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 40) Which of the following statements about homeostasis is FALSE? 40) A) Illness can result if homeostasis is disrupted. B) The extracellular fluid is maintained in a state compatible for life. C) The organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. D) Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal environment. E) The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is positive feedback. Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 11

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    41) The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called 41) A) skeletal muscle. B) ligaments. C) sheathing. D) tendons. E) smooth muscle. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 42) The feedback loop involving luteinizing hormone and estrogen is terminated by 42) A) ovulation, which decreases estrogen secretion. B) nothing; the cycle cannot be terminated. C) ovulation, which directly inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion. D) birth. E) pregnancy. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 43) For a person weighing 150 pounds, how many liters of water are contained in all of the body's compartments? 43) A) 70 B) 11 C) 14 D) 42 E) 50 Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 44) Which tissue below is specialized for lining the lumen of vessels material? 44) A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) reticular tissue Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 12

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    45) Which tissue below conducts signals primarily via electrical impulses? 45) A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) reticular tissue Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 46) The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called 46) A) intercellular fluid. B) intracellular fluid. C) plasma. D) extracellular fluid. E) interstitial fluid. Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 47) What tissue is specialized to contract? 47) A) epithelial B) connective C) nervous D) muscle E) endocrine Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 48) What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus? 48) A) One causes diarrhea; the other causes diuresis. B) One is a deficit in insulin activity; the other a deficit in ADH activity. C) One causes increased fluid loss; the other causes increased thirst. D) One is a lack of ADH secretion; the other a resistance to ADH. E) One is a lack of insulin secretion; the other a resistance to insulin. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 13

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    49) Organs of the body are defined as 49) A) a collection of cells that perform similar functions. B) two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function independently. C) a collection of tissues that function independently of one another. D) a collection of cells that function independently of one another. E) a combination of two or more tissues that make up a structure which performs a specific function. Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 50) John has type 2 diabetes. He has a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight, and recently went to the doctor who gave him a hemoglobin A 1c test which came back at 7%. What is the best course of treatment for John? 50) A) insulin shots and a healthy diet B) frequent monitoring of his blood glucose levels with insulin shots C) insulin shots and exercise D) a strict diet, frequent monitoring of his blood glucose, exercise, and oral glucose medication E) measure his BMI, continued monitoring of his blood glucose levels with a hemoglobin A 1c test, and changes in lifestyle Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 51) The smallest living units, capable of carrying out their own basic life processes, are 51) A) tissues. B) cells. C) organs. D) atoms. E) molecules. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 52) What type of ductless gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream? 52) A) endocrine B) sweat C) exocrine D) salivary E) matrix Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 14

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    53) Vinnie has high blood glucose and must take insulin shots to control his blood sugar. Why must he override his normal homeostatic mechanisms by taking medication? 53) A) An error signal has been sent to Vinnie's integrating center, which is not functioning properly. B) Vinnie's sensors are detecting high levels of glucose and therefore are not secreting insulin due to positive feedback control. C) Vinnie's negative feedback controls are not functioning properly. D) Vinnie's positive feedback controls are not functioning properly. E) Vinnie's set point has changed telling him he needs more sugar. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 54) What is a general name for the noncellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of connective tissue together? 54) A) elastin B) basement membrane C) collagen D) intracellular matrix E) extracellular matrix Answer: E Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 55) What is the primary reason the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the U.S. population? 55) A) sedentary lifestyles B) lack of physical activity C) an aging population D) the U.S. diet E) obesity Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) E) 15

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