Principles Of Human Physiology, 5th Edition Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which of the following is/are associated with the gastrointestinal system?1)A)blood vesselsB)adrenal glandC)bronchiD)esophagusE)brainAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2)The fluid (non-cellular) portion of blood is called2)A)interstitial fluid.B)the internal environment.C)intracellular matrix.D)intracellular fluid.E)plasma.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3)The ________ is the interior compartment of a hollow organ or vessel.3)A)epitheliumB)cavityC)basement membraneD)lumenE)intracellular matrixAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)1

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4)Which of the following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of thebody, from least to most complex?4)A)cells, tissues, organ systems, organsB)organ systems, cells, tissues, organsC)tissues, cells, organs, organ systemsD)organ systems, organs, tissues, cellsE)cells, tissues, organs, organ systemsAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5)Which of the following is a normal blood glucose level?5)A)50 mg/dLB)50 mmolarC)200 mmolarD)100 mg/dLE)100 gm/mLAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6)Movement from the blood into the kidney tubules would represent which of the followingprocesses?6)A)filtrationB)absorptionC)reabsorptionD)excretionE)secretionAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2

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7)The tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement, and whose activity is controlledboth on a voluntary and involuntary level, is ________ tissue.7)A)connectiveB)nervousC)skeletalD)epithelialE)muscleAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8)The process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the kidneys is called8)A)reabsorption.B)secretion.C)filtration.D)excretion.E)absorption.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9)The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called9)A)cells.B)organs.C)tissues.D)organ systems.E)organelles.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10)Where is most of the water in the body found?10)A)in the extracellular fluidB)in the plasmaC)in the lumen of the stomachD)in the intracellular fluidE)in the interstitial fluidAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3

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11)Changes in the external environment alter the ________, which is detected by the ________, andthat information is sent to the integrator.11)A)error signal : regulated variableB)sensor : regulated variableC)set point : regulated variableD)regulated variable : sensorE)regulated variable : set pointAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)12)Total body water is composed of12)A)intracellular and extracellular fluid.B)plasma and intracellular fluid.C)extracellular fluid only.D)intracellular fluid only.E)intracellular and interstitial fluid.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)13)What cells secrete insulin?13)A)neuronsB)collagen cellsC)exocrine cellsD)alpha cellsE)beta cellsAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14)Epithelial cells are associated with a noncellular material called a(n)14)A)basement membrane.B)fibroblast.C)connective tissue.D)muscle fiber.E)endocrine gland.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)4

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15)Glands are derived from what type of tissue?15)A)epithelialB)connectiveC)reticularD)muscleE)nerveAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)16)Which statement below best defines homeostasis?16)A)Homeostasis means all regulated variables are at the set point.B)Homeostasis refers to the regulation of temperature in the human body.C)Homeostasis is maintained through positive feedback loops.D)Homeostasis is the process whereby the body maintains the internal environment in a statecompatible for life.E)Homeostasis is the process whereby the body changes with the external environment.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)17)Body mass index is a measure of weight in kilograms relative to17)A)arm length.B)weight (in kilograms in water).C)height in meters (squared).D)waste circumference.E)gender.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)18)Which tissue type includes cells contained in an extracellular matrix composed of collagen andelastin?18)A)nervous tissueB)connective tissueC)endocrine tissueD)muscle tissueE)epithelial tissueAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5

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19)Movement from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract to the blood would represent which of thefollowing processes?19)A)secretionB)absorptionC)filtrationD)excretionE)reabsorptionAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)20)Which of the following people would be more prone to develop diabetes mellitus type II?20)A)a thin, malnourished, African American childB)an obese Hispanic childC)a thin white adultD)an obese Hispanic adultE)an obese white adultAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)21)Which of the following types of diabetes mellitus was formerly referred to as insulin-dependent orjuvenile-onset diabetes mellitus?21)A)type 2B)prediabetesC)type 1D)gestational diabetesE)diabetes insipidusAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6

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22)Luteinizing hormone-mediated regulation of estrogen during ovulation in women is an example of22)A)both a positive and a negative feedback loop.B)a quasi-negative feedback loop.C)a quasi-positive feedback loop.D)a negative feedback loop.E)a positive feedback loop.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)23)Which statement below lists the essential components of a feedback loop and describes theirfunction?23)A)Set point detects the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it tothe appropriate effector; effector decides if it will react or not to the signal.B)Sensor detects a regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to theappropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; organ system returns the body backto normalC)Sensor detects a regulated variable; set point is the value of the regulated variable; integratorinterprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulatedvariable.D)Integrator interprets the information; set point is the value of the regulated variable; effectoralters the regulated variable.E)Set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sendsit to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; set point is the point thevariable must always return to.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)24)The fluid compartment with a high protein and potassium concentration is called24)A)interstitial fluid.B)extracellular fluid.C)total body water.D)the internal environment.E)intracellular fluid.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7

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25)Of the following conditions associated with excess heat, which is the most serious condition?25)A)heat strokeB)dizzinessC)dehydrationD)heat exhaustionE)excessive sweatingAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)26)What tissue is specialized for separating fluids?26)A)epithelialB)connectiveC)nervousD)muscleE)endocrineAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)27)What cells secrete insulin?27)A)I cells of the adrenal cortexB)several cells located throughout the bodyC)G cells of the adrenal cortexD)beta cells of the pancreasE)alpha cells of the pancreasAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)28)What are the two major consequences for those who suffer from diabetes mellitus?28)A)high blood glucose and excessive urinationB)low blood sugar and faintingC)high blood glucose and glucose in the urineD)high blood glucose and cells that cannot utilize that glucose for energyE)high blood glucose and excessive thirstAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8

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29)Prediabetics have a fasting blood glucose level of ________ and, according to the Centers forDisease Control (CDC), approximately ________ million Americans are prediabetic.29)A)300-400 mg/dL : 100B)500-1000 mg/dL : 300C)70-100 mg/dL : 10D)100-125 mg/dL : 80E)200-250 mg/dL : 50Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)30)What percentage of women will develop type 2 diabetes after developing gestational diabetes?30)A)1-2%B)12-15%C)25-30%D)5-10%E)3-4%Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)31)The fluid compartment with a high sodium and protein concentration is called31)A)plasma.B)interstitial fluid.C)extracellular fluid.D)intracellular and extracellular fluids.E)intracellular fluid.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)32)Where is most of our total body water located?32)A)in bloodB)in the lumen of the kidneysC)surrounding the cellsD)in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tractE)inside cellsAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9

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33)Which tissue below contracts to generate force?33)A)epithelial tissueB)connective tissueC)nervous tissueD)muscle tissueE)reticular tissueAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)34)The fluid compartment with a high sodium concentration that contains only trace amounts ofprotein is called34)A)intracellular fluid.B)interstitial fluid.C)extracellular fluid.D)intracellular and extracellular fluids.E)plasma.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)35)Which of the following compartments contain most of the water found in the human body?35)A)plasmaB)lumen of the intestinal tractC)intracellular fluidD)extracellular fluidE)interstitial fluidAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)36)Cells that carry oxygen in the bloodstream are called36)A)lymphocytes.B)erythrocytes.C)karyocytes.D)hemoglobin.E)leukocytes.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10

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37)Referring to a membrane as "selectively permeable" describes its ability to37)A)provide a barrier that restricts the movement of all molecules across a membrane.B)restrict only the movement of potassium across the membrane.C)allow the movement of particular molecules across a membrane.D)provide a minimal barrier that allows almost any molecule to move across a membrane.E)restrict only the movement of sodium across a membrane.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)38)Which of the following best describes intracellular fluid?38)A)rich in sodium and chlorideB)rich in proteins and potassiumC)rich in sodium, potassium, and chlorideD)rich in proteins and chlorideE)rich in potassium and chlorideAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)39)What are the structures that attach bone to muscle?39)A)ligamentsB)aponeurosesC)intracellular matrix proteinsD)tendonsE)extracellular matrix proteinsAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)40)Which of the following statements about homeostasis is FALSE?40)A)Illness can result if homeostasis is disrupted.B)The extracellular fluid is maintained in a state compatible for life.C)The organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.D)Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal environment.E)The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is positive feedback.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)11

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41)The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called41)A)skeletal muscle.B)ligaments.C)sheathing.D)tendons.E)smooth muscle.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)42)The feedback loop involving luteinizing hormone and estrogen is terminated by42)A)ovulation, which decreases estrogen secretion.B)nothing; the cycle cannot be terminated.C)ovulation, which directly inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion.D)birth.E)pregnancy.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)43)For a person weighing 150 pounds, how many liters of water are contained in all of the body'scompartments?43)A)70B)11C)14D)42E)50Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)44)Which tissue below is specialized for lining the lumen of vessels material?44)A)epithelial tissueB)connective tissueC)nervous tissueD)muscle tissueE)reticular tissueAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)12

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45)Which tissue below conducts signals primarily via electrical impulses?45)A)epithelial tissueB)connective tissueC)nervous tissueD)muscle tissueE)reticular tissueAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)46)The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called46)A)intercellular fluid.B)intracellular fluid.C)plasma.D)extracellular fluid.E)interstitial fluid.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)47)What tissue is specialized to contract?47)A)epithelialB)connectiveC)nervousD)muscleE)endocrineAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)48)What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?48)A)One causes diarrhea; the other causes diuresis.B)One is a deficit in insulin activity; the other a deficit in ADH activity.C)One causes increased fluid loss; the other causes increased thirst.D)One is a lack of ADH secretion; the other a resistance to ADH.E)One is a lack of insulin secretion; the other a resistance to insulin.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)13

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49)Organs of the body are defined as49)A)a collection of cells that perform similar functions.B)two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to functionindependently.C)a collection of tissues that function independently of one another.D)a collection of cells that function independently of one another.E)a combination of two or more tissues that make up a structure which performs a specificfunction.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)50)John has type 2 diabetes. He has a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight, and recently went to thedoctor who gave him a hemoglobin A1ctest which came back at 7%. What is the best course oftreatment for John?50)A)insulin shots and a healthy dietB)frequent monitoring of his blood glucose levels with insulin shotsC)insulin shots and exerciseD)a strict diet, frequent monitoring of his blood glucose, exercise, and oral glucose medicationE)measure his BMI, continued monitoring of his blood glucose levels with a hemoglobinA1ctest, and changes in lifestyleAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)51)The smallest living units, capable of carrying out their own basic life processes, are51)A)tissues.B)cells.C)organs.D)atoms.E)molecules.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)52)What type of ductless gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream?52)A)endocrineB)sweatC)exocrineD)salivaryE)matrixAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14

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53)Vinnie has high blood glucose and must take insulin shots to control his blood sugar. Why must heoverride his normal homeostatic mechanisms by taking medication?53)A)An error signal has been sent to Vinnie's integrating center, which is not functioning properly.B)Vinnie's sensors are detecting high levels of glucose and therefore are not secreting insulindue to positive feedback control.C)Vinnie's negative feedback controls are not functioning properly.D)Vinnie's positive feedback controls are not functioning properly.E)Vinnie's set point has changed telling him he needs more sugar.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)54)What is a general name for the noncellular material that holds the widely scattered cells ofconnective tissue together?54)A)elastinB)basement membraneC)collagenD)intracellular matrixE)extracellular matrixAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)55)What is the primary reason the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the U.S. population?55)A)sedentary lifestylesB)lack of physical activityC)an aging populationD)the U.S. dietE)obesityAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)15

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