Sott Pillates Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam With Answers (110 Solved Questions)

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Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Originsand Insertions of MusclesQuestionsand AnswersGastrocnemius-Answer-A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condylesI: Calcaneus via achilles tendonSoleus-Answer-A: plantarflexesand inverts foot at ankleO: Upper 1/3 of fibiaI: Calcaneus via achilles tendonTibialis Anterior-Answer-A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankleO: Lateral condyle of tibiaI: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiformTibialis Posterior-Answer-A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial anklestabilizer.O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantarsurfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.Popliteus-Answer-A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia.Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of kneeO: Lateral condyle of the femurI: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.Plantaris-Answer-A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg atthe knee.O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament ofknee.I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.Peroneus Longus-Answer-A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Giveslateralstability to the ankle.O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibiaI: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.Peroneus Brevis-Answer-A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle.Gives lateral stability to the ankle.O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal

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Peroneus Tertius-Answer-A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.Extensor Hallucis Longus-Answer-A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continuedaction extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle.O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)Extensor Digitorum Longus-Answer-A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes andeverts foot at the ankle.O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsalsurfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.Flexor Hallucis Longus-Answer-Action:Flexion of great toePlantar flexion of footInversion of footOrigin:Fibula (posterior shaft)Interosseous membraneInsertion:Distal phalanx of great toeComment:Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and runningFlexor Digitorum Longus-Answer-Action:Flexion of toes 2-5Plantar flexion of footInversion of footOrigin:Tibia (posterior middle shaft)Insertion:Distal phalanges of toes 2-5Comment:Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin)musclesVastus Medialis-Answer-A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O: Lower1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longusI: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosityVastus Intermedius-Answer-A: Extends leg at the kneeO: Proximal 2/3 of anterolateral surface of femur, upper part of lateral supracondylar line

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I: by tendons of the rectus and vasti muscles into the superior border of patella andthrough patellar ligament into tibialtuberosity.Vastus Lateralis-Answer-A: Extends leg at the knee and draws patella laterallyO: Upper part of intertrocheanteric line, anterior and lower borders of greater trochanter,tendon of gluteus maximusI: Lateral border of the patella and through the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosityRectus Femoris-Answer-A: Extension of leg at knee. Flexion of thigh at hipO: Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spineReflected head: Groove on upper brim of acetabulumI: Upper border of patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberositySemimembranosus-Answer-A: Flexes and Medially rotates the leg at the knee.Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip.O: Upper and lateral aspect of ischial tuberosityI: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibiaSemitendinosus-Answer-A: Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee. Extends,adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip.O: Ischial tuberosity with tendon of the long head ofthe biceps femoris.I: Anterior and medial surface of the shaft of the tibia just below the condyle.Biceps Femoris-Answer-A: Flexion and lateral rotation of the leg at the knee, extends,adducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip. The short head is the primary leg flexorwhen the long head is placed at a disadvantage by the extended thigh.O: Long head: Ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament. Short head: lateral lipof linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur.I: Lateral side of the head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia and the deep fasciaon the lateral side of the legGluteus Maximus-Answer-A: Extends thigh at the hip, assists in laterally rotating thethigh. Upper 2/3 are abductors, lower 1/3 is inactive as an abductor/adductor in thestanding positionO: Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, aponeurosis of the erector spinae, dorsal surface ofsacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligamentI: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lataGluteus Medius-Answer-A: abducts femur at the hip and rotates it medially. Possiblelateral rotation. With gluteus minimus is major lateral pelvic stabilizer. Aids in earlyactivity of hip flexion.O: Outer surface of ilium from iliac crest and posterior gluteal line above to the anteriorgluteal line below, gluteal aponeurosis.I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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Gluteus Minimus-Answer-A: abducts femur at hip and rotates it medially. Lateralpelvic stabilizer. Aids in early activity of hip flexion.O: Outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines and margin ofgreater sciatic notchI: Anterior border of greater trochanterIliacus-Answer-A: flexes thigh at hip, minimal action in lateral rotation of the thighO: Superior2/3 of iliac fossa, internal border (inner lip) of iliac crest, anterior sacroiliac,lumbosacral and iliolumbar ligaments, ala of sacrum.I: Lesser trochanter of femur and for a short distance below along medial border ofshaft.Psoas Major-Answer-A:Flexion of the thigh at the hip. Minimal action in lateralrotation of the thigh.O: Anterior surfaces of transverse processes. Lateral borders of vertebral bodies andcorresponding intervertebral discs of T12-L5I: Lesser trochanter of femur and for shortdistance below along medial border of theshaft.Piriformis-Answer-A: rotates thigh laterally and abducts the flexed thigh at the hip.O: Anterior surface of sacrum between and lateral to anterior sacral foramina, capsuleof sacroiliac articulation, margin of the greater sciatic foramen, and sacrotuberousligament.I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur.Gemellus Superior-Answer-A: laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip, can alsoproduce horizontal extension, abducts the flexed thigh.O: Outer surface of the ischial spineI: With tendon of Obturator internus into the medial surface of the greater trochanter ofthe femur.Gemellus Inferior-Answer-A: Laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip, can alsoproduce horizontal extension. Abducts the flexed thigh.O: Superior aspect of the ischial tuberosity.I: With tendon of obturator internus into the medial surface of the greater trochanter ofthe femur.Obturator Externus-Answer-A: Lateral rotation of the femur at the hip.O: Outer surface of obturator membrane and the margin of bone immediately aroundthe medial side of the obturator foramen, from the ramiof the pubis and the inferiorramus of the ischium.I: Trochanteric fossa on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter.Obturator Internus-Answer-A: Laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip. Can alsoproduce horizontal extension. Abducts the flexed thigh.O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and bony margin of the obturator foramen.

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