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Sott Pillates Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam With Answers (110 Solved Questions)

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    Stott Pilates Exam Prep - Actions, Origins and Insertions of Muscles Questions and Answers Gastrocnemius - Answer - A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Soleus - Answer - A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle O: Upper 1/3 of fibia I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Tibialis Anterior - Answer - A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle O: Lateral condyle of tibia I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform Tibialis Posterior - A nswer - A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer. O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula. I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones. Popliteus - Answer - A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee O: La teral condyle of the femur I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line. Plantaris - Answer - A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the knee. O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee. I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon. Peroneus Longus - Answer - A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle. O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal. Peroneus Brevis - Answer - A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ank le. O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula. I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal

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    Peroneus Tertius - Answer - A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle. O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula. I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal. Ext ensor Hallucis Longus - Answer - A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle. O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula, I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalan x of hallux (big toe) Extensor Digitorum Longus - Answer - A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle. O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula. I: Divides into 4 tendons after pass ing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd - 5th toes. Flexor Hallucis Longus - Answer - Action: Flexion of great toe Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot Origin: Fibula (posterior shaf t) Interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe Comment: Powerful muscle for "push - off" of foot during walking and running Flexor Digitorum Longus - Answer - Action: Flexion of toes 2 - 5 Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot Origin: Tibia (posterior middle shaft) Insertion: Distal phalanges of toes 2 - 5 Comment: Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles Vastus Medialis - Answer - A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O: Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosity Vastus Intermed ius - Answer - A: Extends leg at the knee O: Proximal 2/3 of anterolateral surface of femur, upper part of lateral supracondylar line

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    I: by tendons of the rectus and vasti muscles into the superior border of patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity. Vastus Lateralis - Answer - A: Extends leg at the knee and draws patella laterally O: Upper part of intertrocheanteric line, anterior and lower borders of greater trochanter, tendon of gluteus maximus I: Lateral border of the patella and throu gh the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity Rectus Femoris - Answer - A: Extension of leg at knee. Flexion of thigh at hip O: Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine Reflected head: Groove on upper brim of acetabulum I: Upper border of patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity Semimembranosus - Answer - A: Flexes and Medially rotates the leg at the knee. Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip. O: Upper and lateral aspect of ischia l tuberosity I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia Semitendinosus - Answer - A: Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee. Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip. O: Ischial tuberosity with tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris. I: Anterior and medial surface of the shaft of the tibia just below the condyle. Biceps Femoris - Answer - A: Flexion and lateral rotation of the leg at the knee, extends, adducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip. The short h ead is the primary leg flexor when the long head is placed at a disadvantage by the extended thigh. O: Long head: Ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament. Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur. I: Lat eral side of the head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia and the deep fascia on the lateral side of the leg Gluteus Maximus - Answer - A: Extends thigh at the hip, assists in laterally rotating the thigh. Upper 2/3 are abductors, lower 1/3 is inac tive as an abductor/adductor in the standing position O: Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, aponeurosis of the erector spinae, dorsal surface of sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lata Gluteus Medius - Answer - A: abducts femur at the hip and rotates it medially. Possible lateral rotation. With gluteus minimus is major lateral pelvic stabilizer. Aids in early activity of hip flexion. O: Outer surface of ilium from iliac crest and posteri or gluteal line above to the anterior gluteal line below, gluteal aponeurosis. I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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    Gluteus Minimus - Answer - A: abducts femur at hip and rotates it medially. Lateral pelvic stabilizer. Aids in early activity of hip fle xion. O: Outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines and margin of greater sciatic notch I: Anterior border of greater trochanter Iliacus - Answer - A: flexes thigh at hip, minimal action in lateral rotation of the thigh O: Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, internal border (inner lip) of iliac crest, anterior sacroiliac, lumbosacral and iliolumbar ligaments, ala of sacrum. I: Lesser trochanter of femur and for a short distance below along medial border of shaft. Psoas Major - Answer - A: Flexion of the thigh at the hip. Minimal action in lateral rotation of the thigh. O: Anterior surfaces of transverse processes. Lateral borders of vertebral bodies and corresponding intervertebral discs of T12 - L5 I: Lesser trochanter of femur and for short distance below along medial border of the shaft. Piriformis - Answer - A: rotates thigh laterally and abducts the flexed thigh at the hip. O: Anterior surface of sacrum between and lateral to anterior sacral foramina, capsule of sacroiliac articulation, margin of the greater sciatic foramen, and sacrotuberous ligament. I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur. Gemellus Superior - An swer - A: laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip, can also produce horizontal extension, abducts the flexed thigh. O: Outer surface of the ischial spine I: With tendon of Obturator internus into the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the f emur. Gemellus Inferior - Answer - A: Laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip, can also produce horizontal extension. Abducts the flexed thigh. O: Superior aspect of the ischial tuberosity. I: With tendon of obturator internus into the medial surfa ce of the greater trochanter of the femur. Obturator Externus - Answer - A: Lateral rotation of the femur at the hip. O: Outer surface of obturator membrane and the margin of bone immediately around the medial side of the obturator foramen, from the rami of the pubis and the inferior ramus of the ischium. I: Trochanteric fossa on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter. Obturator Internus - Answer - A: Laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip. Can also produce horizontal extension. Abducts the f lexed thigh. O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and bony margin of the obturator foramen.

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