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Test Bank For Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Cat version, 13th Edition

Test Bank For Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Cat version, 13th Edition offers a structured approach to exam preparation, helping you navigate complex topics and improve your performance.

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In anatomical position, the ________. A) feet are slightly apart, and the toes point forward B) head is turned to the side C) human is sitting D) upper limbs hang in a natural position at the side of the body Answer: A 2) Which region is visible only on the posterior/dorsal body surface? A) patellar B) calcaneal C) mammary D) buccal Answer: B 3) The term femoral pertains to the ________. A) thigh B) arm C) forearm D) leg Answer: A 4) The mammary region is ________ to the sternal region. A) superior B) medial C) inferior D) lateral Answer: D 5) The ________ surface of the human body faces forward. A) inferior B) superior C) dorsal D) ventral Answer: D 6) The ________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts. A) transverse B) parasagittal C) frontal (coronal) D) sagittal (medial) Answer: A 7) When you open the abdominal cavity of your dissection specimen, you realize that the kidneys are ________ to the intestines. A) proximal B) deep C) medial D) ventral Answer: B 8) The frontal plane divides the body into ________. A) right and left parts B) anterior and posterior parts C) superior and inferior parts Answer: B 9) This organ is found in the thoracic cavity. A) small intestine B) stomach C) lung D) liver Answer: C 10) This serous membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers its organs. A) pleura B) peritoneum C) pericardium Answer: B 11) Pericardium surrounds the ________. A) heart B) brain C) lungs D) intestines Answer: A 1

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    12) It is useful to divide this body cavity into quadrants for study because it is large and contains many organs. A) abdominopelvic B) cranial C) vertebral D) thoracic Answer: A 13) The stomach is found primarily in the ________ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. A) left lower B) right upper C) left upper D) right lower Answer: C 14) Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, this one is most superior and medial. A) umbilical B) hypogastric C) epigastric D) lumbar Answer: C 15) This small body cavity in the head holds the eyes. A) orbital B) middle ear C) oral D) nasal Answer: A 16) The umbilical region of the human is on the ________ surface, and the umbilical region of the dog is on the ________ surface. A) anterior, inferior B) posterior, inferior C) anterior, superior D) posterior, superior Answer: A 17) A patient has a bruise on the ventral surface of the upper limb just distal to the antecubital region. It is located on the ________. A) posterior forearm B) anterior arm C) posterior arm D) anterior forearm Answer: D 18) This set of body terms for orientation and direction depends on anatomical position; the terms have different meanings for humans and four - legged animals. A) proximal/distal B) dorsal/ventral C) anterior/posterior D) medial/lateral Answer: C 19) The diaphragm is a physical separation between the abdominal and pelvic cavities. A) True B) False Answer: B 20) If you look at an MRI scan that is oval in shape and you can see the liver, vertebra, and spleen, this scan was made in the ________ plane. A) frontal B) transverse C) sagittal Answer: B 21) These structures are seen in a midsagittal section of the human. A) trachea, lung B) nose, umbilicus (navel) C) stomach, kidney D) ribs, thigh Answer: B 22) Which type of section passes through the cranial, vertebral (spinal), thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities? A) midsagittal (medial) B) frontal C) transverse Answer: A 2

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    23) This body cavity does not have a bony protection. A) cranial B) thoracic C) vertebral D) abdominopelvic Answer: D 24) The spinal cord is found in this body cavity. A) vertebral B) thorax and abdominopelvic C) cranial D) thorax Answer: A 25) These two organs are found in the thorax. A) heart and liver B) lungs and stomach C) heart and lungs D) liver and stomach Answer: C 26) Damage to this serous membrane can cause the lungs to collapse. A) pleura B) peritoneum C) pericardium Answer: A 27) The urinary bladder, found in the ________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity, is evenly divided between the two ________ abdominopelvic quadrants. A) hypogastric, lower B) umbilical, upper C) epigastric, lower D) iliac, upper Answer: A 28) ________ is found in the right hypochondriac region. A) The appendix B) The liver C) Most of the small intestine D) The right lung Answer: B 29) The visceral pleura lines the ________. A) lungs B) digestive organs C) thoracic cavity D) heart Answer: C 30) The oral cavity is a part of which body system? A) respiratory B) urinary C) nervous D) digestive Answer: D 3

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is an organ system? A) heart B) brain C) lungs D) urinary Answer: D 2) Bones and joints belong to this organ system. A) skeletal B) urinary C) muscular D) nervous Answer: A 3) The stomach belongs to this organ system. A) reproductive B) respiratory C) cardiovascular D) digestive Answer: D 4) The thyroid gland belongs to this organ system. A) lymphatic/immunity B) nervous C) endocrine D) respiratory Answer: C 5) The cardiovascular system ________. A) eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body B) cleanses the blood of pathogens and other debris C) promotes growth and development D) transports blood throughout the body Answer: D 6) The integumentary system ________. A) contributes to the acid - base balance of the blood B) breaks down ingested food C) is a site for blood - cell formation D) protects the deep organs from injury and drying out Answer: D 7) The respiratory system ________. A) continuously supplies oxygen to the blood while removing carbon dioxide B) delivers oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones to cells of the body C) cleanses the blood of pathogens and debris D) rids the body of urea, uric acid, and ammonia Answer: A 8) Name the body system that eliminates nitrogen - containing wastes from the body. A) respiratory B) circulatory C) digestive D) urinary Answer: D 9) The major function of this body system is to keep us healthy by protecting us from foreign substances and pathogens. A) urinary B) lymphatic/immunity C) respiratory D) cardiovascular Answer: B 1

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    10) This body system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and maintains homeostasis by generating electrical signals. A) endocrine B) urinary C) cardiovascular D) nervous Answer: D 11) This organ is a large muscular tube that ends at the anus. A) small intestine B) esophagus C) large intestine D) trachea Answer: C 12) These organs belong to two organ systems. A) bladder and ureters B) nerves and spinal cord C) ovaries and testes D) larynx and trachea Answer: C 13) The pancreas belongs to the endocrine system, and is an accessory organ of this organ system. A) reproductive B) nervous C) lymphatic D) digestive Answer: D 14) The ________ and ________ are part of the respiratory system. A) bronchi, thymus B) testes, ovaries C) alveoli, trachea D) lungs, esophagus Answer: C 15) The spleen, thymus, and tonsils are all part of the ________ system. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) respiratory D) lymphatic/immune Answer: D 16) The major organs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the heart and lungs, reside in the ________ cavity. A) abdominopelvic B) thoracic C) spinal D) cranial Answer: B 17) The major organs of this system allow you to draw, play tennis, dance, and frown. A) cardiovascular B) nervous C) skeletal D) muscular Answer: D 18) Which two body systems contribute to acid - base balance of blood? A) respiratory and endocrine B) nervous and urinary C) cardiovascular and endocrine D) urinary and respiratory Answer: D 19) This body system is an essential companion to the cardiovascular system because it picks up leaked fluid from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood. A) endocrine B) digestive C) lymphatic/immunity D) urinary Answer: C 20) Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the ________ system that helps in maintaining homeostasis. A) urinary B) nervous C) endocrine D) cardiovascular Answer: C 2

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The ________ of the microscope carries three or four objective lenses. A) nosepiece B) ocular C) arm D) base Answer: A 2) The ________ is a substage lens that concentrates light on the specimen. A) condenser B) light source C) iris diaphragm lever D) objective lens Answer: A 3) When observing a slide under a microscope, begin focusing with the ________ - power objective lens in place. A) midrange B) highest C) lowest Answer: C 4) To transport a microscope, hold it ________. A) cradled in both arms B) close to your body with one arm and cover the top of it with your other arm C) upright, with one hand on its arm and the other hand supporting its base D) horizontally, with one hand supporting the objective lenses Answer: C 5) The total magnification of an object can be found by ________. A) multiplying the power of the objective lens by the power of the ocular lens B) multiplying the power of the objective lens by the number of objective lenses on your microscope C) dividing the power of the objective lens by the power of the ocular lens D) adding the power of the objective lens and the power of the ocular lens Answer: A 6) The ability to discriminate two close objects as separate is called ________. A) parfocal B) virtual image C) working distance D) resolution (or resolving power) Answer: D 7) The microscope field is the ________. A) area you see through the lenses of the microscope B) space near the microscope where you sit C) platform on which the slide rests D) area in which you place the microscope Answer: A 8) The working distance for a 10 × objective lens is ________. A) a little bit greater than the working distance for the 100 × objective lens B) much less than the working distance for the 100 × objective lens C) much greater than the working distance for the 100 × objective lens D) a little bit less than the working distance for the 100 × objective lens Answer: C 1

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    9) Microscope specimens have depth, as well as length and width. If you are focused on the middle layer of cells and wish to see the top layer of cells clearly, you should move the ________. A) slide toward or away from you B) lens further away from the slide C) slide to the left or right D) lens closer to the slide Answer: B 10) This is the formula for calculating the diameter of an unknown microscope field. A) diameter of field A × total magnification of field A = diameter of field B × total magnification of field B B) diameter of field A + diameter of field B = total magnification of field A + total magnification of field B C) diameter of field A × diameter of field B = total magnification of field A × total magnification of field B D) diameter of field A + total magnification of field A = diameter of field B + total magnification of field B Answer: A 11) Before putting away the microscope in the storage cabinet you must observe all of the following except ________. A) wrap the cord around the microscope B) clean the lenses C) remove the slide from the stage D) rotate the highest power objective lens in position Answer: D 12) When you want to study a slide under the microscope, you place it on the ________. A) head B) stage C) arm D) base Answer: B 13) When using the higher power objective lenses, you would use this part of the microscope to focus the specimen. A) fine adjustment knob B) course adjustment knob C) iris diaphragm lever Answer: A 14) You have learned that the objective lens magnifies the object on the slide, producing the ________ image, and that the ocular lens magnifies that image, forming the ________ image. A) ocular, objective B) virtual, ocular C) objective, real D) real, virtual Answer: D 15) You begin your observations using the ________ lens and the ________ adjustment knob. A) lowest - power, coarse B) midrange - power, coarse C) highest - power, fine D) midrange - power, fine Answer: A 16) You are observing the letter "e" under a compound microscope. Which of the following indicates how the image appears as you view it through the ocular lens? A) e B) ˬ C) ̈ D) ܫ Answer: B 17) If your ocular lens is 10 × , and you are using your 45 × objective lens to view a slide, the total magnification is ________. A) 250 × B) 450 × C) 55 × D) 90 × Answer: B 2

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    18) As you increase the total magnification of the specimen, the size of the field ________. A) decreases B) remains the same C) increases Answer: A 19) As you increase the total magnification of the specimen, the working distance ________. A) decreases B) remains the same C) increases Answer: A 20) If the diameter of your microscope field is 1 mm at low power (10 × ) and your ocular lens is 10 × , then what is the diameter of your field when you switch to the 50 × objective lens? A) 0.02 mm B) 2 mm C) 0.002 mm D) 0.2 mm Answer: D 21) If a circular object seen in your low - power field (diameter 1 mm) occupies about 1/4 of the diameter of the field, the object's diameter is about ________. A) 2.5 μm B) 0.25 μm C) 250 μm D) 25 μm Answer: C 22) You are looking at a slide of three crossed threads. Yellow is on the bottom, blue is in the middle, and red is on the top. When you rotate the adjustment knob forward (away from you) on your microscope, the stage rises. You move the adjustment knob to focus on the middle thread. As you rotate the adjustment knob forward, which color thread will come into focus next? A) red B) blue C) yellow Answer: C 23) As total magnification increases, the depth of field ________. A) increases B) decreases C) remains the same Answer: B 24) You prepare a wet mount of your own cheek cells and place it under the microscope, but find that you cannot see any detail of the cells. What can you do to make details more visible? A) view at a higher power B) view at a lower power C) prepare another slide and stain with methylene blue D) increase light intensity Answer: C 25) You are looking at very lightly stained cells under the microscope, and you want to increase the contrast so that you can see them "better." You ________ the iris diaphragm to ________ the light. A) open, dim B) close, increase C) open, increase D) close, dim Answer: D 3

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The nucleus, plasma membrane and ________ are the three major regions of cells that can readily be seen with a light microscope. A) cytosol B) cell fluid C) cytoplasm D) organelles Answer: C 2) The nucleus of the cell contains its genes, which are sections of ________. A) RNA B) DNA C) DRA D) TNA Answer: B 3) The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and keeps undesirable substances out of the cell. It also allows wastes to pass out of the cell and keeps valuable cell proteins inside the cell. This property is called ________. A) checking and balancing B) impermeability C) selective permeability D) resistive permeability Answer: C 4) Which of the following is not considered to be a cytoskeletal element? A) intermediate filaments B) centrioles C) microfilaments D) microtubules Answer: B 5) This organelle digests other worn - out organelles and foreign substances that have entered the cell. A) Golgi apparatus B) peroxisome C) endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosome Answer: D 6) This organelle stores and transports proteins, and synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol. A) mitochondrion B) centriole C) microtubule D) endoplasmic reticulum Answer: D 7) This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles. A) Golgi apparatus B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) lysosomes D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A 8) Name the rod - shaped organelles that have a double - membrane wall and that oxidize foodstuffs to make ATP. A) mitochondria B) lysosomes C) ribosomes D) rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A 9) Ribosomes/ribosomal subunits are found ________. A) inside mitochondria B) associated with coiled DNA of chromosomes C) attached to the Golgi apparatus D) free in the cytoplasm Answer: D 1

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    10) ________ molecules form the major component of the plasma membrane and are arranged in the form of a bilayer. A) Phospholipid B) Protein C) Sugar (carbohydrates) D) Cholesterol Answer: A 11) The division of human cells consists of a series of events, collectively called ________, or nuclear division, and ________, or division of the cytoplasm. A) prophase, telophase B) mitosis, cytokinesis C) mitosis, interphase D) meiosis, mitosis Answer: B 12) During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments. A) telophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) prophase Answer: D 13) During ________, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell. A) telophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) prophase Answer: B 14) ________ carry out specific functions inside cells, whereas ________ store glycogen, lipids, pigments, and other substances. A) Organelles, genes B) Inclusions, mitochondria C) Organelles, inclusions D) Golgi apparatus, organelles Answer: C 15) ________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials. A) Cilia B) Flagella C) Microvilli D) Microtubules Answer: C 16) These small bodies are found inside the nucleus of the cell. Made of proteins and RNA, these structures assemble ribosomes. They are ________. A) nucleos B) nuclear poroses C) nucleoli D) nuclear envelopes Answer: C 17) This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle. A) microtubule B) mitochondrion C) endoplasmic reticulum D) centriole Answer: D 18) ________ are membranous sacs that detoxify harmful chemicals. A) Peroxisomes B) Golgi apparatus C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes Answer: A 19) ________ is/are a contractile ring of actin microfilaments that eventually results in the division of the cytoplasm. A) Kinetochore microfilaments B) Mitotic spindle C) Centrioles D) Cleavage furrow Answer: D 2

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    20) Only one human cell has a flagellum. This specialization allows the cell to propel itself forward. It is a ________. A) sperm cell B) simple squamous epithelial cell C) smooth muscle cell D) red blood cell Answer: A 21) The small size and biconcave shape of this cell gives it flexibility and allows its easy passage through small channels. It is a ________. A) smooth muscle cell B) simple squamous epithelial cell C) sperm cell D) red blood cell Answer: D 22) From the time it is formed until it reproduces, the cell undergoes growth and carries out its functions in the body. What is the name for this portion of the cell's life cycle? A) growth and development B) interphase C) life phase D) functional phase Answer: B 23) The end product of cell division by mitosis is ________. A) 2 genetically identical daughter cells B) 2 daughter cells that have different genes C) 4 daughter cells, each with unique genes D) 4 genetically identical daughter cells Answer: A 24) You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly staining X - shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in ________. A) interphase B) anaphase C) prophase D) telophase Answer: C 25) What event immediately precedes anaphase? A) The mitotic spindle forms. B) DNA replicates. C) Chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell. D) The nuclear envelope forms around chromatin. Answer: C 26) In which phase(s) of mitosis do the chromosomes contain a single copy of DNA? A) telophase and anaphase B) metaphase C) prophase and metaphase D) prophase Answer: A 3

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Select the statement about selective (or differential) permeability that is false . A) It allows nutrients to enter cells. B) It keeps cellular wastes inside cells. C) It keeps valuable proteins inside cells. D) It prevents undesirable wastes from entering cells. Answer: B 2) Membrane transport may be passive or active. Select the active process from the list below. A) phagocytosis B) osmosis C) filtration D) simple diffusion Answer: A 3) A membrane transport process is active if it requires ________. A) energy provided by ATP B) a concentration gradient C) a pressure difference D) kinetic energy of molecules Answer: A 4) These molecules move through the lipid portion of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. A) CO 2 and O 2 B) glucose C) Na + and Cl - D) K + and Ca 2 + Answer: A 5) Which substance uses a carrier protein to cross the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion? A) Na + ions B) water C) glucose D) Cl - ions Answer: C 6) Which of the following is true about osmosis? A) Water may move up or down a concentration gradient during osmosis. B) Osmosis is the flow of water across a plasma membrane. C) Osmosis occurs when the concentration of water is the same as the concentration of solutes. D) Solutes always accompany the movement of water during osmosis. Answer: B 7) A solution is said to be isotonic if it contains ________. A) fewer nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of cells B) the same number of nonpenetrating solute particles as the interior of cells C) more nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of cells Answer: B 8) Red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will ________. A) gain water and undergo crenation B) gain water and undergo hemolysis C) lose water and undergo hemolysis D) lose water and undergo crenation Answer: B 9) The force that causes water and solutes to cross cell membranes by filtration is ________. A) a concentration gradient B) energy provided by ATP C) hydrostatic pressure D) kinetic energy of molecules Answer: C 1

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    10) In this organ, filtration is the important first step in producing urine. A) lung B) liver C) heart D) kidney Answer: D 11) Filtration is a non - selective, passive process in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure. The following property limits movement of some solutes. A) hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of solutes B) temperature of the fluid C) tonicity of the solution being filtered D) size of the membrane pores Answer: D 12) Which statement about vesicular transport is true ? A) Pinocytosis is used to take liquids into a cell. B) Phagocytosis is used to move cell wastes out of the cell. C) Endocytosis transports particles/molecules out of the cell. D) Exocytosis transports particles/molecules into the cell. Answer: A 13) Red blood cells placed in 5% sodium chloride solution will ________. A) gain water and undergo crenation B) lose water and undergo hemolysis C) lose water and undergo crenation D) gain water and undergo hemolysis Answer: C 14) Which of the following statements is true ? A) Active processes move molecules along a concentration gradient. B) Passive processes move molecules against a concentration gradient. C) Passive processes require ATP. D) Active processes require ATP. Answer: D 15) Two important passive processes for membrane transport are ________. A) exocytosis and phagocytosis B) diffusion and filtration C) facilitated diffusion and active transport D) pinocytosis and receptor - mediated endocytosis Answer: B 16) In comparing simple diffusion to facilitated diffusion, you note that ________. A) both require ATP B) both require a specific carrier or protein channel C) both can move substances up, as well as down, a concentration gradient D) both require a concentration gradient Answer: D 17) A(n) ________ in molecular size and a(n) ________ in temperature result in an increased rate of diffusion. A) decrease, decrease B) decrease, increase C) increase, decrease D) increase, increase Answer: B 2

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    18) Active processes ________. A) include osmosis B) move substances against (up) a concentration and/or electrical gradient C) require a hydrostatic pressure gradient D) move fats and respiratory gases through cell membranes Answer: B 19) Molecule A has a molecular weight of 175 and Molecule B has a molecular weight of 450. A 0.1 M solution of each is placed on agar gel. Which molecule will diffuse more rapidly through the agar? A) molecule A B) molecule B C) They will move at the same rate. Answer: A 20) Does potassium permanganate diffuse more rapidly through water or through agar gel? Why? A) It diffuses more rapidly through water, because there are no particles to slow the movement of dye. B) It diffuses more rapidly through agar, because there are channels in agar that help the dye solution to move. C) It diffuses more rapidly through water, because there are more particles for the dye to bounce off of. D) It diffuses more rapidly through agar, because water attracts the dye molecules and slows their movement. Answer: A 21) A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of glucose across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the glucose move, into the sac or out of the sac? A) Yes, glucose will move into the sac. B) Yes, glucose will move out of the sac. C) There is no net movement, but glucose will move back and forth across the membrane. D) No, there is no force to drive glucose across the membrane. Answer: A 22) A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of water across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the water move, into the sac or out of the sac? A) There is no net movement, but water will move back and forth across the membrane. B) No, there is no force to drive the water across the membrane. C) Yes, water will move into the sac. D) Yes, water will move out of the sac. Answer: D 23) In healthy people, it is good practice to use isotonic solutions for injections into veins of the circulatory system because ________. A) hypertonic solutions cause red blood cells to swell and lyse B) isotonic solutions maintain the normal volume and function of red blood cells C) hypotonic solutions cause red blood cells to crenate Answer: B 3

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    24) In the body, filtration is important in moving ________. A) fluid and solutes out of the capillaries and into the kidney tubules B) blood around the circulatory system C) lymph fluid through lymph vessels D) all of these Answer: A 25) Which of the following endocytotic processes is important for moving fluid into cells? A) pinocytosis B) receptor - mediated endocytosis for water C) phagocytosis D) receptor - mediated endocytosis for hormones Answer: A 26) The following substances enter cells by receptor - mediated endocytosis. A) liquids containing protein or fat B) glucose and amino acids C) cholesterol and iron D) Na + and Cl - ions Answer: C 4

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