Chapter 1The Human Body: An OrientationWhy This Matters□Learning and understanding anatomical tenninology allows you to communicate accurately withyour colleagues in the health sciences.1.1Form and Function of Anatomy & Physiology□Anatomy-Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another□Physiology-Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activitiesTopics of Anatomy□Subdivisions of anatomy:-Grossor macroscopic anatomyis the study of large, visible structures□Regional anatomy looks at all structures in a particular area of the bodyHSystem anatomy looks at just one system (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)□Surface anatomy looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (visible musclemasses or veins seen on surface)Topics of Anatomy (cont.)□Subdivisions (cont.)-Microscopic anatomydeals with structures too small to be seen by naked eye□Cytology: microscopic study of cells□Histology: microscopic study of tissues-Developmental anatomystudies anatomical and physiological development throughout life□Embryology: study of developments before birth□To study anatomy, one must know anatomical terminology and be able to observe, manipulate,palpate, and auscultateTopics of Physiology□Subdivisions of physiology-Based on organ systems (e.g., renal or cardiovascular physiology)-Often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of the body□Looks at how the body's abilities are dependent on chemical reactions in individual cells□To study physiology, one must understand basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents,pressure, and movement) as well as basic chemical principlesComplementarity of Structure and Function□Anatomy and physiology are inseparable-Function always reflects structure-What a structure can do depends on its specific form-Known as theprinciple of complementarity of structure and functionPreview Mode
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