Study GuideOrganic Chemistry I–Review of General Chemistry1.Ionic BondingWhat Is Ionic Bonding?Ionic bonding happens whenelectrons are transferredfrom one atom to another. This transfercreatesions—atoms with an electrical charge.•An atom thatloseselectrons becomes apositively charged ion (cation).•An atom thatgainselectrons becomes anegatively charged ion (anion).Thestrong attraction between opposite charges(positive and negative) is what holds the ionstogether. This attraction is the core of anionic bond.Why Do Atoms Form Ionic Bonds?Atoms form ionic bonds to becomemore stable. Most atoms are most stable when their outer shellhaseight electrons. This is called anoctet.An octet is typical of thenoble gases, which are very stable elements because their outermostenergy level is full.1.1Example: Sodium and ChlorineLet’s look at a common example—sodium (Na)andchlorine (Cl).•Sodiumhas one electron in its outer shell. It becomes stable bylosing that electron.oAfter losing one electron, sodium becomes aNa⁺ion.oIt now has the same electron arrangement as the noble gasneon. This is calledbeingisoelectronic(having the same number and arrangement of electrons).Preview Mode
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