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American History: A Survey 12th Edition Test Bank

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    1 1. Prior to the arrival of Columbus, the peoples of the present United States had A. all of the answers below B. less elaborate political systems than the peoples in Central and South America had C. larger empires than the peoples in Central and South America had D. a larger population than the peoples of Central and South America had E. a larger reliance on written language than the peoples of Central America and South America had 2. Before the coming of Europeans, civilizations in Central and South America had developed all of the following cultural achievements except A. organized religion B. a written language C. an accurate calendar D. wheeled vehicles E. advanced agriculture 3. Before 1492, the many different Native American societies that existed in what is now the United States filled their food needs by A. all of the answers below B. gathering foods C. fishing D. farming E. hunting 4. Before the coming of Europeans, the peoples who lived in what is now the United States had not developed A. large, permanent settlements B. a common language C. division of labor D. complex agricultural systems E. elaborate religious practices

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    5. Before the arrival of Columbus, all Native American tribes assigned women the tasks of A. all of the answers below B. performing farming chores C. tending to the fields D. caring for children E. controlling the social organization of the tribe 6. By 1500, the incentives for Europeans to engage in overseas exploration included all of the following except A. a belief in fulfilling a divine mission B. a significant growth in their population C. more powerful and united governments D. an increased prosperity and desire for commerce E. the return of the bubonic plague 7. The first European country to launch long ocean voyages of exploration was A. Portugal B. Spain C. Holland D. England E. Italy 8. When Christopher Columbus made his famous voyages to the New World, he A. obtained his financing from the Portuguese queen B. refused to search for gold C. explored much of the North American coastline D. acted out of strictly religious motives E. believed that he had reached the Far East 9. By 1550, Spanish explorers had achieved all of the following objectives except A. exploring much of the Caribbean B. crossing the Isthmus of Panama C. devoting great resources for voyages D. sailing around the world E. discovering Brazil

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    10. Between 1500 and 1550, exploration of the New World was dominated by the A. Dutch B. English C. French D. Spanish E. Portuguese 11. The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was, in part, due to A. all of the answers below B. an overwhelming superiority in numbers C. the diseases the Spaniards had given the Indians D. the pacifism of the Aztecs E. the Spaniards' humane treatment of the natives 12. Between 1500 and 1600, the reasons that the Spanish traveled to the Americas included all of the following motives except A. getting rich by finding gold and silver B. replacing Portugal as the leading seafaring nation C. spreading the Christian religion D. destroying large English colonies in South America E. creating a profitable agricultural economy 13. One result of the contact between the Spanish and the Pueblos from 1550 to 1650 was A. the empowerment of Pueblo warlords B. a loss of Spanish power in Mexico C. a vast decline in the Pueblo population D. the pope's decision to stop sending missionaries E. a treaty of cooperation between England and Spain 14. Spanish colonial enterprises exhibited all of the following characteristics except A. by the end of the 1500s, Spanish colonies were tightly controlled by the Spanish monarchy B. the wide use of native labor C. relatively few immigrants left Spain for the New World D. the successful search for gold and silver ultimately retarded Spain's economic development E. missionaries were among the least successful Spanish colonial adventurers

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    15. The European nation that, unlike other colonizers, did not "people" its colonies but instead imposed over them a European ruling class was A. England B. Spain C. France D. Holland E. Italy 16. When the Europeans arrived in the Americas, they brought with them all of the following things except A. diseases to which that the Native Americans had little immunity B. the practice of human sacrifice for religious practices that the natives had not known before C. a strong yearning for silver and gold D. new crops that the natives had not seen before E. new domestic livestock that the natives had never seen 17. In an effort to subjugate the Native Americans, the Spanish engaged in all of the following practices except A. prohibiting marriage between Spanish men and Indian women B. installing Spaniards in positions of political power C. destroying records and documents of the native political systems D. killing Indian leaders, including warriors and priests E. forcing natives to work for Spaniards for little or no pay 18. Before the arrival of the Europeans, the political system of southern and western Africa was composed of A. a single African - led empire B. a number of small - and medium - sized regional kingdoms C. a state of barbaric anarchy D. a series of national republics E. a collection of nomadic tribes

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    19. Before Europeans settled in the New World, western and southern Africans A. did not tolerate the institution of slavery in their society B. were unable to use natural resources wisely C. had no widespread religions, just local ones based on nature worship or ancestor worship D. did not have the extreme degree of sexual inequality found in most European countries E. had no trade with the outside world and relied on hunting and fishing for their livelihood 20. Interest in colonization grew in England because of A. all of the answers below B. a desire to compete with Spain C. almost constant religious strife D. the growth of merchant capitalism E. an increasing population and decreasing food supply 21. According to the principles of mercantilism, A. the individual is the key to economic progress B. the world's supply of wealth is almost unlimited C. free trade is good for a country because it maximizes both imports and exports D. a successful nation should export its own goods in exchange for gold and silver E. wealth should be shared by all social classes 22. The English believed that colonies would A. all of the answers below B. provide a place to send excess population C. be a place where human settlement could start anew D. relieve England of dependence on a foreign supply of natural resources E. offer new markets for the wool industry 23. The religious dissatisfactions that ultimately propelled English "Separatists" into the New World can be traced to the 1517 protests of the German priest A. Martin Luther B. John Calvin C. John Wesley D. James Stuart E. Richard Hakluyt

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    24. Henry VIII started the English Reformation because he A. converted to Protestant ideals B. needed absolute control of the Church C. wanted to change English Christianity D. required a divorce in order to remarry E. believed Catholicism was a pagan faith 25. The majority of English Puritans were religious dissenters who A. wanted to leave the Church of England B. wished to purify Anglican forms of worship C. desired an end to the English civil war D. were content with the reformed Church of England E. hoped to return the English Church to the Roman Catholic Church 26. Because of their experiences in Ireland, most English colonists came to believe that they should A. try to rule the native population B. civilize the native population C. establish an English society separate from the native population D. brutally conquer the eastern half of North America E. attempt to convert the native population to Christianity 27. All of the following statements are true of the French colonists in North America except A. their numbers grew rapidly because of their success in building industries B. they included Jesuit missionaries who established contacts far into the wilderness C. they depended on fur traders who dealt with the Indians of the interior D. they developed seignuries along the St. Lawrence River E. they made enemies of one of the most powerful of the Indian tribes 28. The Dutch established their claims in North America through the efforts of the explorer A. Samuel de Champlain B. Sir Walter Raleigh C. Henry Hudson D. Francis Drake E. Humphrey Gilbert

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    29. The most important single event influencing England's decision to begin New World colonization was the A. overthrow of Charles I B. destruction of the English Reformation C. failure of the Sea Dog's raiding expeditions D. defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 E. death of King James 1 30. The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established at A. New York B. Plymouth C. St. Augustine D. Roanoke E. Jamestown 31. The first few British expeditions to North America resulted in A. finding rich stores of gold and silver B. an end of Spanish explorations in the Western Hemisphere C. the overthrow of James I D. the failure to establish successful permanent settlements E. Britain's decision to stop exploring the coastal region of Virginia 32. The first American - born child of an English settler was A. Virginia Dare B. Humphrey Gilbert C. Elizabeth Tudor D. Walter Raleigh E. John White 33. The cryptic message "CROATOAN" is related to A. Spain's war with the Aztecs B. the French policy of establishing fur - trading industries C. a failed attempt to settle in Roanoke D. the death of Pocahontas E. Spain's creation of encomiendas

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    34. Disagreements between historians have included the topics of A. all of the answers below B. the size of the American population before European settlement C. whether objectivity can truly be achieved as a method of research D. "sticking to the facts" vs. historical revision E. whether truth is actually an achievable goal in the study of history 35. Over the past century, when historians have estimated the population of Indians in North America before Columbus, they A. often have neglected to study Indian populations in the North B. have come to realize that Tenochtitlan was not so large C. regularly have estimated the population at just under 1 million D. have generally increased the estimates of the native population E. have relied on written records left by the Aztecs 36. The anthropologist Henry Dobyns believed that A. there were just over 1 million Indians in America before the arrival of Columbus B. the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards because they lacked skills as warriors C. British ethnocentrism resulted in the downfall of the Mayan culture D. there were 10 to 12 million natives living in North America before the arrival of Columbus E. it is impossible to use quantitative methods to estimate native populations before 1492 37. Thousands of years ago, nomadic peoples from the part of Asia known as _____ crossed the Bering Strait and became the first humans in the Americas. ________________________________________ 38. When the Spanish arrived in Mexico, they found that the _____, a once nomadic warrior tribe, were ruling much of the region. ________________________________________ 39. Around the year 1000, the Norse seaman _____ sighted part of the New World. ________________________________________ 40. In 1497 and 1498, the Portuguese explorer _____ became the first European to sail all the way to India. ________________________________________

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    41. Columbus discovered the Americas while searching for a shorter route to _______. ________________________________________ 42. Between 1519 and 1522, _____ led a Spanish expedition that became the first to sail all the way around the world. ________________________________________ 43. Spanish _____ or conquerors, led the early expeditions that subdued the native populations of Mexico, Chile, and Peru. ________________________________________ 44. When the Spanish moved into New Mexico in the 1500s and 1600s, they alternately fought with and cooperated with the _____ Indians who lived in the region. ________________________________________ 45. In the 1500s, the majority of the Native American peoples who died did so not because of warfare but because of _____ brought by the Europeans. ________________________________________ 46. When Columbus returned from his voyage to the New World, he brought with him the new American crop of _____, which soon became an important staple in Europe. ________________________________________ 47. The _____ were people of mixed race that arose in South America due to the interracial contacts between the Spanish colonies and the natives. ________________________________________ 48. By the fifteenth century, the people of upper _____ had substantial commercial relations with the Mediterranean world. ________________________________________ 49. African societies tended to be _____ which means that heredity is traced through, and property is inherited from, the mother. ________________________________________ 50. In 1497, _____ led an English expedition that sailed along the northeastern coast of North America. ________________________________________

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    51. From the 1500s to 1700s, the elites of England and the rest of Europe believed in the economic concept of ___________. ________________________________________ 52. The _____ began in Germany with Martin Luther's attacks on the Catholic Church and eventually spread to other parts of Europe, including England. ________________________________________ 53. Because he wanted a divorce that the pope refused to grant him, _____ broke England's ties with the Roman Catholic Church. ________________________________________ 54. The _____ were a group of English religious dissenters of the 1500s and 1600s who believed that the Church of England needed many reforms. ________________________________________ 55. The English learned the lessons that they later applied in North America in their attempt to conquer _____. ________________________________________ 56. The keys to the French Empire in North America were the _____, adventurous fur traders who penetrated far into the wilderness to trade with the Indians. ________________________________________ 57. In 1588, King Philip II of Spain sent one of the largest fleets in history, the _____ to attack England. ________________________________________ 58. Sir _____ financed and organized the expedition that placed the first English colony in what is now the United States. ________________________________________ 59. Because of the fate of the colony at Roanoke, it has acquired the name of the _________. ________________________________________ 60. Which came first? A. Columbus sails westward for Spain B. Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

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    61. Which came first? A. Balboa crosses the isthmus of Panama B. Magellan's fleet circumnavigates the world 62. Which came first? A. Cortes defeats the Aztecs B. Pizarro defeats the Incas 63. Which came first? A. Jamestown is established B. St. Augustine is established 64. Which came first? A. Roanoke is established B. the Armada sails against England 65. Which came first? A. Elizabeth rules England B. Mary rules England Match the following: a. in the 1540s, he opens up what will become the United States southwest b. destroys the Aztec empire c. reaches India via a water route in the 1490s d. first to cross the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1486 e. first European to see what will be called the Pacific Ocean 66. ______ Vasco De Gama ________________________________________ 67. _______ Bartolomeu Dias ________________________________________ 68. _______ Francisco Coronado ________________________________________

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    69. _______ Vasco de Balboa ________________________________________ 70. _______ Hernando Cortes ________________________________________ Match the following: a. Spanish military bases b. licenses to extract labor and tribute from the Indian population c. Dutch landlords d. People of mixed races e. Spanish military men 71. ______ Patroons ________________________________________ 72. ______ Encomiendas ________________________________________ 73. ______ Conquistadores ________________________________________ 74. _____ Presidios ________________________________________ 75. ______ Mestizos ________________________________________ Match the following: a. practiced colonization in Ireland (p 26) b. Protestant Reformation begins here (p. 24) c. First to send explorers along the west coast of Africa (p. 11) d. First to send explorers westward to find a route to the far East(p. 11) e. Sent fur traders to establish relationships with the Indians ( P. 27) 76. _____ France ________________________________________ 77. _____ England ________________________________________

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    78. _____Portugal ________________________________________ 79. _____ Spain ________________________________________ 80. _____ Germany ________________________________________ 81. The most notable disease introduced by the Europeans was syphilis. True False 82. The most elaborate societies in the New World were in Central and South America True False 83. In all cases in the New World, women did the farming True False 84. The first Europeans to come to the New World were Norsemen True False 85. Amerigo Vespucci was known as the "Admiral of the Ocean Seas" True False 86. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztecs True False 87. Juan de Onate established the Spanish presence in New Mexico True False 88. The Great Pueblo Revolt brought an end to Spanish exploitation of the Indians True False 89. Beans and corn were introduced to Europe as a result of contact with the New World True False

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    90. In Africa, slavery was usually a permanent condition True False 91. The market for slaves in the sixteenth century increased as a result of the demand for sugar cane True False 92. The enclosure movement in England grew out of the need for additional land for grazing cattle. True False 93. Mercantilism said the world's wealth was finite True False 94. Martin Luther said men were saved by faith and not good works True False 95. Most Puritans were Separatists True False 96. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was lost at sea True False 97. The Virgin Queen was Mary True False 98. The Roanoke colonies were failures because the Spanish attacked and destroyed them True False 99. Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by order of King James I True False 100. In 1606, the London merchants got the right to colonize in the south True False

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    101. Roanoke Island is in this modern day state A. Location 33 B. Location 46 C. Location 30 D. Location 39 E. Location 38 102. Describe the major Native American civilizations that existed before Columbus's arrival. Include at least one from North America, one from Central America, and one from South America. 103. Summarize the changes in European society that led to the era of exploration between 1400 and 1700.

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