American History: A Survey 12th Edition Test Bank

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11.Prior to the arrival of Columbus, the peoples of the present United States hadA.all of the answers belowB.less elaborate political systems than the peoples in Central and South America hadC.larger empires than the peoples inCentral and South America hadD.a larger population than the peoples of Central and South America hadE.a larger reliance on written language than the peoples of Central America and South Americahad2.Before the coming ofEuropeans, civilizations in Central and South America had developed all ofthe following cultural achievements exceptA.organized religionB.a written languageC.an accurate calendarD.wheeled vehiclesE.advancedagriculture3.Before 1492, the many different Native American societies that existed in what is now the UnitedStates filled their food needs byA.all of the answers belowB.gathering foodsC.fishingD.farmingE.hunting4.Before the coming of Europeans, the peoples who lived in what is now the United States had notdevelopedA.large, permanent settlementsB.a common languageC.division of laborD.complex agricultural systemsE.elaboratereligious practices

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5.Before the arrival of Columbus, all Native American tribes assigned women the tasks ofA.all of the answers belowB.performing farming choresC.tending to the fieldsD.caring for childrenE.controlling the social organization of the tribe6.By 1500, the incentives for Europeans to engage in overseas exploration included all of thefollowing exceptA.a belief in fulfilling a divine missionB.a significant growth in their populationC.more powerful and united governmentsD.an increased prosperity and desire for commerceE.the return of the bubonic plague7.The first European country to launch long ocean voyages of exploration wasA.PortugalB.SpainC.HollandD.EnglandE.Italy8.When Christopher Columbus made his famous voyages to the New World, heA.obtained his financing from the Portuguese queenB.refused to search for goldC.explored much of the NorthAmerican coastlineD.acted out of strictly religious motivesE.believed that he had reached the Far East9.By 1550, Spanish explorers had achieved all of the following objectives exceptA.exploring much of the CaribbeanB.crossing the Isthmus of PanamaC.devoting great resources for voyagesD.sailing around the worldE.discovering Brazil

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10.Between 1500 and 1550, exploration of the New World was dominated by theA.DutchB.EnglishC.FrenchD.SpanishE.Portuguese11.The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was, in part, due toA.all of the answers belowB.an overwhelming superiority in numbersC.the diseases the Spaniards had given the IndiansD.thepacifism of the AztecsE.the Spaniards' humane treatment of the natives12.Between 1500 and 1600, the reasons that the Spanish traveled to the Americas included all of thefollowing motives exceptA.getting rich by finding gold andsilverB.replacing Portugal as the leading seafaring nationC.spreading the Christian religionD.destroying large English colonies in South AmericaE.creating a profitable agricultural economy13.One result of the contactbetween the Spanish and the Pueblos from 1550 to 1650 wasA.the empowerment of Pueblo warlordsB.a loss of Spanish power in MexicoC.a vast decline in the Pueblo populationD.the pope's decision to stop sending missionariesE.atreaty of cooperation between England and Spain14.Spanish colonial enterprises exhibited all of the following characteristics exceptA.by the end of the 1500s, Spanish colonies were tightly controlled by the Spanish monarchyB.the wideuse of native laborC.relatively few immigrants left Spain for the New WorldD.the successful search for gold and silver ultimately retarded Spain's economic developmentE.missionaries were among the least successful Spanish colonialadventurers

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15.The European nation that, unlike other colonizers, did not "people" its colonies but insteadimposed over them a European ruling class wasA.EnglandB.SpainC.FranceD.HollandE.Italy16.When theEuropeans arrived in the Americas, they brought with them all of the following thingsexceptA.diseases to which that the Native Americans had little immunityB.the practice of human sacrifice for religious practices that the natives had notknown beforeC.a strong yearning for silver and goldD.new crops that the natives had not seen beforeE.new domestic livestock that the natives had never seen17.In an effort to subjugate the Native Americans, the Spanish engaged inall of the followingpractices exceptA.prohibiting marriage between Spanish men and Indian womenB.installing Spaniards in positions of political powerC.destroying records and documents of the native political systemsD.killing Indian leaders, including warriors and priestsE.forcing natives to work for Spaniards for little or no pay18.Before the arrival of the Europeans, the political system of southern and western Africa wascomposed ofA.a singleAfrican-led empireB.a number of small-and medium-sized regional kingdomsC.a state of barbaric anarchyD.a series of national republicsE.a collection of nomadic tribes

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19.Before Europeans settled in the New World, western andsouthern AfricansA.did not tolerate the institution of slavery in their societyB.were unable to use natural resources wiselyC.had no widespread religions, just local ones based on nature worship or ancestor worshipD.did not havethe extreme degree of sexual inequality found in most European countriesE.had no trade with the outside world and relied on hunting and fishing for their livelihood20.Interest in colonization grew in England because ofA.all of theanswers belowB.a desire to compete with SpainC.almost constant religious strifeD.the growth of merchant capitalismE.an increasing population and decreasing food supply21.According to the principles of mercantilism,A.theindividual is the key to economic progressB.the world's supply of wealth is almost unlimitedC.free trade is good for a country because it maximizes both imports and exportsD.a successful nation should export its own goods in exchange forgold and silverE.wealth should be shared by all social classes22.The English believed that colonies wouldA.all of the answers belowB.provide a place to send excess populationC.be a place where human settlement could startanewD.relieve England of dependence on a foreign supply of natural resourcesE.offer new markets for the wool industry23.The religious dissatisfactions that ultimately propelled English "Separatists" into the New Worldcan be traced tothe 1517 protests of the German priestA.Martin LutherB.John CalvinC.John WesleyD.James StuartE.Richard Hakluyt

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24.Henry VIII started the English Reformation because heA.converted to Protestant idealsB.needed absolute control of the ChurchC.wanted to change English ChristianityD.required a divorce in order to remarryE.believed Catholicism was a pagan faith25.The majority of English Puritans were religious dissenters whoA.wanted to leave the Church of EnglandB.wished to purify Anglican forms of worshipC.desired an end to the English civil warD.were content with the reformed Church of EnglandE.hoped to return the English Church to the Roman Catholic Church26.Because of their experiences in Ireland, most English colonists came to believe that they shouldA.try to rule the native populationB.civilize the native populationC.establish an English society separate from the nativepopulationD.brutally conquer the eastern half of North AmericaE.attempt to convert the native population to Christianity27.All of the following statements are true of the French colonists in North America exceptA.theirnumbers grew rapidly because of their success in building industriesB.they included Jesuit missionaries who established contacts far into the wildernessC.they depended on fur traders who dealt with the Indians of the interiorD.theydeveloped seignuries along the St. Lawrence RiverE.they made enemies of one of the most powerful of the Indian tribes28.The Dutch established their claims in North America through the efforts of the explorerA.Samuel de ChamplainB.Sir Walter RaleighC.Henry HudsonD.Francis DrakeE.Humphrey Gilbert

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29.The most important single event influencing England's decision to begin New World colonizationwas theA.overthrow of Charles IB.destruction of theEnglish ReformationC.failure of the Sea Dog's raiding expeditionsD.defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588E.death of King James 130.The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established atA.New YorkB.PlymouthC.St. AugustineD.RoanokeE.Jamestown31.The first few British expeditions to North America resulted inA.finding rich stores of gold and silverB.an end of Spanish explorations in the Western HemisphereC.theoverthrow of James ID.the failure to establish successful permanent settlementsE.Britain's decision to stop exploring the coastal region of Virginia32.The first American-born child of an English settler wasA.Virginia DareB.Humphrey GilbertC.Elizabeth TudorD.Walter RaleighE.John White33.The cryptic message "CROATOAN" is related toA.Spain's war with the AztecsB.the French policy of establishing fur-trading industriesC.a failedattempt to settle in RoanokeD.the death of PocahontasE.Spain's creation of encomiendas

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34.Disagreements between historians have included the topics ofA.all of the answers belowB.the size of the American population beforeEuropean settlementC.whether objectivity can truly be achieved as a method of researchD."sticking to the facts" vs. historical revisionE.whether truth is actually an achievable goal in the study of history35.Over the pastcentury, when historians have estimated the population of Indians in North Americabefore Columbus, theyA.often have neglected to study Indian populations in the NorthB.have come to realize that Tenochtitlan was not so largeC.regularly have estimated the population at just under 1 millionD.have generally increased the estimates of the native populationE.have relied on written records left by the Aztecs36.The anthropologist Henry Dobyns believed thatA.there werejust over 1 million Indians in America before the arrival of ColumbusB.the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards because they lacked skills as warriorsC.British ethnocentrism resulted in the downfall of the Mayan cultureD.there were 10 to12 million natives living in North America before the arrival of ColumbusE.it is impossible to use quantitative methods to estimate native populations before 149237.Thousands of years ago, nomadic peoples from the part of Asia known as _____ crossed theBering Strait and became the first humans in the Americas.________________________________________38.When the Spanish arrived in Mexico, they found that the _____, a once nomadic warrior tribe,were ruling much of the region.________________________________________39.Around the year 1000, the Norse seaman _____ sighted part of the New World.________________________________________40.In 1497 and 1498, the Portuguese explorer _____ became the first European tosail all the way toIndia.________________________________________

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41.Columbus discovered the Americas while searching for a shorter route to _______.________________________________________42.Between 1519 and 1522, _____ led a Spanish expedition that became the first to sail all the wayaround the world.________________________________________43.Spanish _____ or conquerors, led the early expeditions that subdued the native populations ofMexico, Chile, and Peru.________________________________________44.When the Spanish moved into New Mexico in the 1500s and 1600s, they alternately fought withand cooperated with the _____ Indians who lived in the region.________________________________________45.In the 1500s, the majority of the Native American peoples who died did so not because of warfarebut because of _____ brought by the Europeans.________________________________________46.When Columbus returned from his voyage to the New World, he brought with him the newAmerican crop of _____, which soon became an important staple in Europe.________________________________________47.The _____ were people of mixed race that arose in South America due to the interracial contactsbetween theSpanish colonies and the natives.________________________________________48.By the fifteenth century, the people of upper _____ had substantial commercial relations with theMediterranean world.________________________________________49.African societies tended to be _____ which means that heredity is traced through, and property isinherited from, the mother.________________________________________50.In 1497, _____ led an English expedition that sailed along the northeastern coast of NorthAmerica.________________________________________

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51.From the 1500s to 1700s, the elites of England and the rest of Europe believed in the economicconcept of ___________.________________________________________52.The _____ began in Germany with Martin Luther's attacks on the Catholic Church and eventuallyspread to other parts of Europe, including England.________________________________________53.Because he wanted a divorce that the pope refused to grant him, _____ broke England's ties withthe Roman Catholic Church.________________________________________54.The _____ were a group of English religious dissenters of the 1500s and 1600s who believed thatthe Church of England needed many reforms.________________________________________55.The English learned the lessons that they later applied in North America in their attempt toconquer _____.________________________________________56.The keys to the French Empire in North America were the _____, adventurous fur traders whopenetrated far into the wilderness to trade with the Indians.________________________________________57.In 1588, King Philip II of Spain sent one of the largest fleets in history, the _____ to attackEngland.________________________________________58.Sir _____ financed and organized the expedition that placed the first English colony in what isnow the United States.________________________________________59.Because of the fate of the colony at Roanoke, it has acquired the name of the _________.________________________________________60.Which came first?A.Columbus sails westward for SpainB.Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

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61.Which came first?A.Balboa crosses the isthmus of PanamaB.Magellan's fleet circumnavigates the world62.Which came first?A.Cortes defeats the AztecsB.Pizarro defeats the Incas63.Which came first?A.Jamestown is establishedB.St.Augustine is established64.Which came first?A.Roanoke is establishedB.the Armada sails against England65.Which came first?A.Elizabeth rules EnglandB.Mary rules EnglandMatch the following:a. in the 1540s, heopens up what will become the United States southwestb. destroys the Aztec empirec. reaches India via a water route in the 1490sd. first to cross the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1486e. first European to see what will be called the Pacific Ocean66.______ Vasco De Gama________________________________________67._______ Bartolomeu Dias________________________________________68._______ Francisco Coronado________________________________________

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69._______ Vasco de Balboa________________________________________70._______ Hernando Cortes________________________________________Match the following:a. Spanish military basesb.licenses to extract labor and tribute from the Indian populationc. Dutch landlordsd. People of mixed racese. Spanish military men71.______ Patroons________________________________________72.______ Encomiendas________________________________________73.______ Conquistadores________________________________________74._____ Presidios________________________________________75.______ Mestizos________________________________________Match the following:a. practiced colonization in Ireland (p 26)b. Protestant Reformation begins here (p. 24)c. First to send explorers along the west coast of Africa (p. 11)d. First to send explorers westward to find a route to the far East(p. 11)e. Sent fur traders to establish relationships with the Indians ( P. 27)76._____ France________________________________________77._____ England________________________________________

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78._____Portugal________________________________________79._____ Spain________________________________________80._____ Germany________________________________________81.The most notable disease introduced by the Europeans was syphilis.TrueFalse82.The most elaborate societies in the New World were in Central and South AmericaTrueFalse83.In allcases in the New World, women did the farmingTrueFalse84.The first Europeans to come to the New World were NorsemenTrueFalse85.Amerigo Vespucci was known as the "Admiral of the Ocean Seas"TrueFalse86.Francisco Pizarro conquered the AztecsTrueFalse87.Juan de Onate established the Spanish presence in New MexicoTrueFalse88.The Great Pueblo Revolt brought an end to Spanish exploitation of the IndiansTrueFalse89.Beans and corn wereintroduced to Europe as a result of contact with the New WorldTrueFalse

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90.In Africa, slavery was usually a permanent conditionTrueFalse91.The market for slaves in the sixteenth century increased as a result of the demand for sugarcaneTrueFalse92.The enclosure movement in England grew out of the need for additional land for grazing cattle.TrueFalse93.Mercantilism said the world's wealth was finiteTrueFalse94.Martin Luther said men weresaved by faith and not good worksTrueFalse95.Most Puritans were SeparatistsTrueFalse96.Sir Humphrey Gilbert was lost at seaTrueFalse97.The Virgin Queen was MaryTrueFalse98.The Roanoke colonies werefailures because the Spanish attacked and destroyed themTrueFalse99.Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by order of King James ITrueFalse100.In 1606, the London merchants got the right to colonize in the southTrueFalse

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101.Roanoke Island is in this modern day stateA.Location 33B.Location 46C.Location 30D.Location 39E.Location 38102.Describe the major Native American civilizations that existed before Columbus's arrival. Includeatleast one from North America, one from Central America, and one from South America.103.Summarize the changes in European society that led to the era of exploration between 1400 and1700.

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