Cengage Advantage Books: Making America, Volume 1 To 1877: A History Of The United States, 7th Edition Test Bank

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1. One constraint faced by all European nations in America wasa. the large and powerful presence of Native Americans.b. the lack of sufficient agricultural land.c. the harsh and bitter climate of much of North America.d. political conflict at home.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 272. Who promulgated a decree that gave Spain a monopoly on new lands discovered in the New World?a. Ferdinand & Isabellab. the king of Portugalc.Hernan Cortés.d. Pope Alexander VIANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 283.When Cortés was endeavoring to conquer the Aztec Empire, he received great assistance from:a. the Aztec women and childrenb.A MexicanIndian woman named Doña Marinac. the former Aztec prisonersd. the use of numerous horse mounted troops.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 284. England's colonization of Irelanda. provided a model for colonization of North America.b. was motivated exclusively by a desire to spread Protestantism.c. expelled the Spanish from Ireland.d. helped England attack Iceland.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 29Page1Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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5. What activity in New Spain enabled Spain to become the richest nation in Europe and probably the world?a. dominating the Canadian fur tradeb. extracting silver from the land using slave laborc. conquered thousands of Spanish settlementsd. capturing and herding buffalo to send back to EuropeANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 296. The destruction and failure of the Spanish Armada against England in 1588:a. did not affect the Spanish Empire overseas.b. led to anti-Catholic pogroms in England.c. led to the independence of Holland who challenged Spanish colonization in the New Worldd. Established Great Britain as a world power.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 307. Why did Spain try to invade England in 1588?a. Queen Elizabeth had broken her promise to convert to Catholicism.b. It was the only way King Philip II could take Spaniards' minds off their poverty.c. The Spanish needed to demonstrate that they were the dominant power in the Atlantic.d. Spain was nearly bankrupt and needed to plunder English riches.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 308. After Peter Minuit negotiated the lease of the island of Manhattan in 1626a. English settlers quickly began to challenge the Dutch claim on the island.b. Dutch settlers began to arrive in droves.c. colonists quickly began to lose sight of the beaver trade upstreamd. only the comprehensive business plan of the Dutch West India Company began to bring about agriculturaldevelopment on the island and upstream.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 32-33Page2Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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9. Which layer of the Spanish bureaucracy directed colonial policy?a. Cabildo secularesb. The viceroysc. The Catholic Churchd. Council of the IndiesANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3210. Corruption remained rampant in the Spanish colonial system becausea. the pope supported the colonial governments.b. the wealth from the colonies masked problems with inefficient administration.c. low taxation gave colonists little reason to complain.d. colonial governors executed those who objected to bureaucratic policies.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3211. The Dutch settlements in the New Worlda. ignored farming in favor of raiding English settlements.b. proved very popular among those seeking to establish small farms.c. were limited to only Dutch landholders.d. relied on the fur trade for success.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3212. When Spanish conquistadors contacted new Indian groups they were supposed to notify them of Spanish authoritythrough a:a. cabildo secularb. ecomiendoc. requerimientod. conquistadoroANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 32Page3Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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13. Henry Hudson was an explorer who was searching fora. the fabled "seven cities of gold."b. a place where he could live, free of religious persecution.c. the North American equivalent to the Aztec Empire.d. a northwest passage that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3214. Dutch patroonsa. became known as landed entrepreneurs.b. established New York as "the best poor man's country."c. suffered serf-like conditions in their tenancies.d. enjoyed near-feudal powers over their tenants.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3315. Immigrants to Dutch colonies in the New Worlda. came to take advantage of the opportunities of the patroon system.b. were expelled if they did not join the Dutch Reformed Church.c. came from a variety of religious and ethnic backgrounds.d. were all equal in governmental affairs.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3316. What European fashion trend was the root cause of conflict between European colonies and their native allies overthe beaver fur trade?a. leather bootsb. buffalo coatsc. felt hatsd. beaver glovesANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 34Page4Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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17. Samuel de Champlain was an effective colonizer who:a. founded trading posts in Nova Scotia and Quebec and a strong alliance with the Huron Indians.b. nearly destroyed French power in America.c. provoked a war with the Huron Indians by refusing to trade with them.d. was more interested in getting land than in trading.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3418. As a result of expeditions by Louis Joliet, Jacques Marquette, and Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, Francea. established a series of settlements along the Atlantic coast.b. established a series of settlements along the Pacific coast.c. discovered and claimed the Mississippi River Valley and established the Louisiana Territory.d. defeated the Spanish in Mexico at the battle of Pueblo.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3519. Spanish conquistador Don Juan de Onatea. was a popular missionary amongst Pueblo Indians.b. became famous for his enormous gold discoveries in future New Mexico.c. ordered the execution of eight hundred rebellious Indians and enslaved their surviving families.d. wrote about the abuse and exploitation of Indian serfs in the Spanish encomienda system.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3620. Indians who allied themselves with the Spanish against the Aztecsa. won independence.b. were awarded gold.c. were awarded land.d. were forced to pay tribute to the Spanish.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 36Page5Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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21. Which religious order led Church efforts to convert Indians in New Mexico?a. Dominicansb. Jesuitsc. Franciscansd. MaristsANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3722. The need to protect Spanish ships from interference from other Europeans powers in Florida led to the founding ofthis citya. New Yorkb. Puebloc. New Orleansd. St. AugustineANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3823. Indians in the Southeast responded to their declining numbers due to disease bya. becoming the clients of the French to increase their population through blended offspring.b. forming alliances or confederacies among themselves.c. moving into Spanish cities.d. converting to European farming methods and staying in one place.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3824. By the time Europeans had begun serious exploration and settlement of the Northeast,a. native Americans were already fully aware of the dangers Europeans posed to their civilizations.b. most tribes were already too weakened by disease to offer any resistance.c. economic and cultural changes among Woodland Indians had produced two opposing tribal alliances.d. the social and political unity among Woodland Indians had already been broken.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 39Page6Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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25. How did the French initially forge alliances with the Huron Indians in the Northeast?a. The French paid them the customary tribute.b. The French freed them from servitude to the more powerful Iroquois.c. The French successfully claimed to be gods because they could predict solar eclipses.d. The French intermarried with them.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3926. The Iroquois began a series of long term wars against the Hurons, Delaware, and other tribes over the sources ofwhat ?a. oil and natural gasb. furc. Coureurs de boisd. iron arrowheadsANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3927. The proliferation of bison herds during the climatic changes of the "Little Ice Age" between 1300 and 1800a. prompted the Plains Indians to abandon agriculture and turn to hunting.b. supported the European fashion trend of bison coats in the early eighteenth century.c. led to the overgrazing of the Great Plains.d. meant that buffalo hunting became a colonial pastime for English settlers.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3928. The buffalo provided all of the following commodities to the plains Indians except for what?a. foodb. clothingc. toolsd. transportationANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 40Page7Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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29. In what way did the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico transform the lives of Plains Indians?a. It inspired Plains Indians to revolt against their French rulers.b. Thousands of refugees from New Mexico poured into the region.c. The rebels released thousands of Spanish horses, which greatly helped buffalo hunters.d. It successfully kept the Spanish from moving into the area.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4130. In the years after the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexicoa. sheep ranching became increasingly important.b. the Spanish largely abandoned the region.c. a growing number of Spanish women moved into the area.d. traditional ideals of empire and administration were solidified.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4231. How did the Dutch try to attract settlers to the New Netherland colony?a. They offered settlers the protection of a feudal lord.b. They guaranteed that only members of the Dutch Reformed Church would be permitted to settle.c. They offered a haven for those groups experiencing persecution and discrimination in Europe.d. The Dutch West Indies Company was powerful enough to guarantee prosperity.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4332. How did Santa Fe differ from other Spanish settlements?a. Success depended on being able to trade with a range of non-Spaniards.b. The Catholic Church was virtually absent.c. A man's status there depended on how much "pure Spanish blood" he had.d. Indians were virtually absent from the town.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 43Page8Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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33. The French in Louisiana depended on an alliance with thea. Natchez tribe.b. Choctaws.c. Chicasaws.d. Creeks.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4434. Which of the following was a unique characteristic of the French colony of Louisiana?a. Its critical shortage of laborb. Its initial dependence on Indians.c. It found itself embroiled in a complicated Native American world.d. It brought together a diverse lot of former military men, Canadiancoureurs de bois,and French craftsmen insearch of economic independence.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4435. The French colony of Louisianaa. quickly came to depend on a steady stream of French settlers.b. became home to a homogenous and coherent community of religious refugees from France.c. became known as America's "breadbasket."d. attracted few Frenchmen.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 44Instructions:Identify the following terms:36.Bartolomé de las CasasANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2537.Hernán CortésANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 28Page9Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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38.Francisco Vásquez de CoronadoANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2839. Francis DrakeANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2940. PrivateerANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2941. Sir Walter RaleighANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2942. Spanish ArmadaANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3043. Cabildo secularANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3244. Dutch West India CompanyANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3245. SerfsANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 32Page10Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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46. Henry HudsonANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3247. Fort OrangeANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3248. Northwest PassageANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3249. Encomienda systemANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3250. Peter StuyvesantANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3351. Samuel de ChamplainANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3452. New FranceANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3453. Louis Joliet and Jacques MarquetteANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 35Page11Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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54. Pueblo RevoltANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3855. Creek ConfederacyANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3856. buffaloANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3957. Iroquois LeagueANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3958. LakotasANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4059. subsistence farmingANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 4260. Choctaw allianceANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 44Page12Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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61. What enabled the Spanish to defeat the Aztecs?ANSWER:Students should focus on numerous factors. The Aztecs were ill due to a smallpox epidemic.The Spanish weapons were unfamiliar to the Aztecs, and this gave the Spanish apsychological advantage. The differing concepts of warfare were demonstrated by Aztecritual warfare versus European total war which emphasized annihilation of an enemy. TheSpanish were able to build alliances with local Mexican-Indian tribes who resented theAztecs' power and demand for tribute. These Indian tribes provided local knowledge in theform of geographical and cultural knowledge without which Spanish success would havebeen impossible.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 27-2962. How did the arrival of Europeans affect relations among Native Americans in and around the Hudson River Valley?ANSWER:Students must first describe the tribal alliances that existed in the region, as well as thereasons why those alliances came into existence. They should follow up by discussing theimportance of the fur trade to both Native Americans and Europeans. Students must alsoexplain why each Native American group chose to make alliances with the French or Dutchand what each side stood to gain from the arrangement. Finally, students must explain howthese goals altered the interactions between Native American groups and what the results ofthese conflicts were.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 32-3363. What were the major ways that life for Native Americans on the Plains was changing during this period?ANSWER:Students should start from the impact of the Little Ice Age, which curtailed agriculturalproduction and increased the size of the buffalo herds. The result was that many PlainsIndians abandoned agricultural villages and became mobile hunters. The buffalo becamethe center of Indian life by providing an abundance of food, clothing and tools to supporttribal society. Better students will also note that Indian conflicts in the East were pushingtribes away from the Iroquois and Huron Indians, causing additional pressure on PlainsIndian tribes over Buffalo hunting grounds. The lives of Plains Indians were dramaticallychanged when thousands of horses were released from Spanish New Mexico during thePueblo Revolt. The Native Americans adapted to a horse culture, which greatly increasedtheir ability to hunt and kill enormous quantities of Buffalo. It also led to increased raidingand trading for horses and horse related technologies, such as saddles, bridles, and ropeswith the Spanish and other Indian tribes.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 39-42Page13Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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64.How did life in the Spanish northern frontier develop differently from life in the main part of Mexico?ANSWER:Students should note the absence of either large agricultural centers or mines. This limitedthe ability of following the Spanish pattern of turning authority over to a ruling cabildo.Students should note the existence of Santa Fe. Stronger students will connect it to theremaining Spanish institutions: the Church and the bureaucracy. Santa Fe developed a farmore cosmopolitan environment with regular contacts among autonomous Plains Indiansand eventually French and Anglo-American traders.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 42-4365.Students should think about what primarily motivated European expansion to the New World.ANSWER:Was it principally for economic gain or religious conversion? Students should point out thatboth were involved, but better students will argue that the economic motive was perhapsstronger. With regard to the Spanish, consider the establishment of encomiendas and thelinkage of available labor to extract mineral wealth from areas like Mexico and Peru.Besides exploiting Indians, African slaves were imported by all the colonial powers toproduce wealth. The English used profit-seeking companies to try to establish colonies,while the French and Dutch focused on trade with Indians to make profits. When combiningreligious and economic motives, better students will relate the story of de las Casas and hisappeal to the Spanish court thatwas well aware of an Indian demographic collapse and itsconnection with the potential to extract mineral wealth from Spanish colonies. The Spanishsuccess in the New World inter-twined with European power rivalries as other nationsattempted to challenge Spain both in the old and new worlds. England, France, and theformer Spanish colony, the Netherlands, all competed for power through expansion ofcolonial empires linked to the mother country in Europe and promoting a trans-Atlanticrivalry and culture.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 27-44Page14Name:Class:Date:Chapter 02: A Continent on the Move

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Multiple Choice1. About 600 hundred years ago the Powhatan people increasingly came into conflict with their neighbors becausea. Weather changes reduced corn crops and required more demand for limited wild game and food.b. Western tribes waged war against them for access to the Atlantic coast.c. Europeans had begun to take over the Virginia Coast in large numbers.d. They sought to increase their political influence in the region.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 12. How did the first people come to the Americas?a. Sailing in large shipsb. Sailing in canoe-like boatsc. By crossing over land from Asia via Beringiad. By using the South Pacific islands as stepping stonesANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 33. Recent genetic evidence suggests that there were how many groups of migrations from Asia to the westerncontinents?a. just the Paleo-Indianb. the Paleo-Indian and the Na-Denec. Paleo-Indian, Na-Dene, and Eskimo-Aleutd. Na-Dene, Eskimo-Aleut, and ColumbianANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3-54. Some 7,000 years ago, Native American environmental engineering produced the nourishing staple crop calleda. millet.b. the potato.c. maize.d. soybeans.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 5-6Page1Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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5. Crops that Indian cultures planted together to form the basis for an agricultural revolution werea. tobacco, maize, wheat, and squash.b. rice, maize, squash, and chilies.c. maize, beans, squash, and chilies.d. wheat, squash, chilies, and beans.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 66. The mound builder societies were characterized bya. hunting and gathering.b. power struggles among rival groups.c. small settlements.d. large-scale trade and commerce.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 67. What pre-condition had to be accomplished on the Iberian Peninsula before Portugal and Spain could unify internallyas nations?a. hold electionsb. break Islamic rulec. discover the Western Hemisphered. Ferdinand had to marry IsabellaANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 78. An important political development in Europe during the 15th-16th centuries that facilitated exploration throughout theworld was?a. the bubonic plagueb. the use of the horse as a means of power and transportationc. the Columbian Exchanged. the development of large, unified nation-statesANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 8Page2Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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9. The Native Americans of the woodlands east of the Mississippi Rivera. lived in small, semi-permanent villages.b. were ruled through coercion.c. had elaborate irrigation systems.d. encouraged private land ownership.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 810. One possible reason for the cooling period known as the Little Ice Age may have been due to:a. a decrease in forestation and increase of oxygenb. an increase in forestation and decrease of carbon dioxidec. massive population increases from maize and increase of carbon dioxided. an increase of carbon dioxide due to forestationANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 911. One feature of Indian culture was the emphasis on tracing family connections and power througha. patrilineal linesb. female childrenc. first born male childrend. matrilineal linesANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1012. What group of southwestern Indians built residential villages along high cliffs?a. Anasazib. Apachesc. Hopewellsd. AztecsANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 11Page3Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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13. After arriving in the Valley of Mexico after 1200, which Indian group established a tributary empire?a. Incasb. Apachesc. Mayansd. AztecsANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1114. What idea was central to the sub-Saharan African social structure?a. nuclear familyb. fictive ancestorc. survival of the fittestd. elected monarchANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1215. One important catalyst for expanding sub-Saharan trade was thea. defeat of Muslim armies.b. creation of unified states.c. carving of settlements out of jungles.d. introduction of the camel as a draft animal.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1316. The sub-Saharan Africans traded with Portugal becausea. Portuguese sailors offered quick and easy access to foreign markets.b. the Portuguese forced them through military action.c. the Songhai hated the Spanish.d. the Portuguese dominated the Saharan trade routes.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 13Page4Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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17. The Spanish and English were willing to take more risks in exploration becausea. they were fighting each other and needed every advantage.b. the Portuguese already controlled the trade routes around Africa.c. their ships were technologically superior to Portuguese ships.d. they had trouble attracting investors without promising dramatic returns.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1518. Which of the following was NOT one of the technologies that made Atlantic voyages less risky?a. Magnetic compassb. Astrolabec. Improved steering mechanisms and hull designd. The use of steel in ship constructionANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1519. Ferdinand and Isabella were willing to fund the voyage of Christopher Columbus becausea. they were fascinated with the prospects of scientific discoveryb. they sought to expand their dominance in the Atlantic trade along the African Coast.c. they had received explicit papal authorization to invade the New Worldd. they were eager to break into the overseas trading dominated by the Arabs and the Portuguese.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1520. The first Europeans engaging in regular contact with Native Americans werea. fishermen.b. merchants.c. missionaries.d. soldiers.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 16Page5Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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21. Native Americans readily accepted Europeans into trading networks becausea. European goods were clearly superior to those possessed by Native Americans.b. Europeans threatened military force if they were not included.c. difficult harvests had dramatically reduced the products available to Native Americans.d. many introductory gifts offered by Europeans resembled the sacred gifts exchanged by native cultures.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1722. American Indians probably adapted more easily to the encounter with Europeans than vice versa becausea. they had seen new populations migrate into their regions many times before.b. their religion commanded tolerance and patience with alien cultures.c. of their belief that their world was animated by a spiritual force that was both universal and intelligent.d. new European arrivals were generally pleasant and agreeable.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1723. When Europeans offered spiritually significant objects in exchange for landa. Native Americans saw this as a missionary effort.b. Indians often sensed deceit.c. Indians received the offer as an effort to join an already existing relationship.d. Indians understood the offer as a contract transferring ownership.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1824. The Indians thought land wasa. a living being.b. the source of wealth.c. so abundant that there was room for everyone.d. useful because it could be exchanged.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 18Page6Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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25. According to most scholars, about how many people lived north of Mexico in 1492?a. Around 1 millionb. Between 3 and 10 millionc. Between 15 and 20 milliond. Over 25 millionANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1826. One feature of the Columbian Exchange is thata. the Native American populations dramatically increased.b. European crops grew in America, but American crops did not go to Europe.c. Europeans brought domesticated animals to American to breed and work.d. in the long run, it had little impact on American ecology.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1827. Europeans suffered less from fatal diseases becausea. they had acquired immunities through the frequent exposure to measles, typhus, and smallpox.b. they lived more cleanly.c. they avoided crowded quarters.d. Indians refused medical aid.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1828. How did Indians respond when their populations began to decline?a. They blamed it on the white gods and flatly rejected Christians.b. They abandoned cities and moved to the countryside.c. They adopted the whites' cultivation techniques and increased food production.d. They pooled resources and formed intertribal leagues or confederacies.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 19Page7Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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29. One disorienting effect of the ruinous European diseases introduced into the Western Hemisphere was the loss ofwhat for the native Americans?a. the ability to move about the lands without constraintb. clean and clear drinking waterc. wild game leading to adoption of vegetarian diets of less proteind. cultural and historical knowledge of elders and storytellersANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1930. What group first turned the African slave trade into a thriving enterprise?a. Romansb. Muslimsc. Catholic Spaniardsd. Protestant EnglishANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1931. How did Europeans generally obtain slaves from Africa?a. They tricked Africans into voluntarily submitting to European control.b. They sent raiding parties into the interior to capture slaves.c. European warships bombarded the African coastline and refused to stop until the Africans gave them slaves.d. Europeans supplied weapons to African tribes who raided the interior regions for slaves.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 19-2032. How did the increased population in Europe that resulted from the introduction of new crops ultimately affect NorthAmerica?a. The need for slave labor declined.b. Many European nations outlawed immigration to North America in an attempt to build stronger economies athome.c. Higher populations in Europe fostered greater migration to North America for economic opportunity.d. So many people migrated to North America that economic opportunities soon disappeared.ANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 20Page8Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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33. The origins of the European theology of Reformation lay ina. the implausibility of the Catholic doctrine.b. the corruption and superstition of the medieval Catholic Church.c. the political ambitions of local princes.d. peasants' uprisings.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2134. Some political figures embraced Protestantism becausea. it challenged the established power of the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Emperor.b. Catholicism limited economic opportunities.c. Protestant leaders promised to support political leaders in their struggles for greater power.d. Protestantism emphasized literacy for the masses, which would stimulate democracy.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2135. Following the death of Henry VIII,a. Catholicism resurged.b. the Pope annulled his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.c. England erupted in Civil Ward. Protestantism under his successor Edward VI had virtually free rein.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2136. Elizabeth I's position on religion can be best described asa. staunchly Protestant.b. flexible, so long as she maintained political authority over church and state.c. staunchly Catholic.d. weak and vacillating, which created serious weaknesses in England's political system.ANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 21Page9Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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37. To restrain the growing absolute power of European monarchs was the promulgation of what legal instrument toprotect rights of citizens?a. the Reformationb. an assembly of lesser nobles to redress grievancesc. the dissenters of Protestantismd. the absolute assembly of kings from all European nationsANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 21Subjective Short AnswerInstructions:Identify the following terms:38. shamansANSWER:Answer not providedPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1639. longhousesANSWER:Answer not providedPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 840. Western HemisphereANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 341. BeringiaANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 342. MuslimsANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3Page10Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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43. VikingsANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 344. maizeANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 645. Ferdinand and IsabellaANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 646. ReconquistaANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 647. AztecsANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1148. reciprocal tradeANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1749. Columbian ExchangeANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1850. Slave CoastANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 19Page11Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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51. MoorsANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 652. mound builderANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 653. Amerigo VespucciANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1654. cash cropsANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1855. maniocANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1856. Elizabeth IANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2157. ProtestantismANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2158. ReformationANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 21Page12Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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59. Henry VIIIANSWER:Answer not provided.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2160. Magna CartaANSWER:Answer not providedPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 2161. acquired immunityANSWER:Answer not providedPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1862. absolute monarchANSWER:Answer not providedPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 20Essay63. How did the development of agriculture affect life in America?ANSWER:Students should be able to discuss what life in America was like before the advent ofagriculture. They should be able to discuss hunting and gathering societies of Paleo-Indiansand Archaic cultures. Students should be able to identify connections between natives'ability to engineer crops such as maize to generate larger quantities of food to enable amore stable and culturally distinct existence. Stronger students will note the development ofart and craft skills and may recognize that these ancient heritages of America are stillevident in our society today.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 3-6Page13Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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64. What are the central features of southwestern and southeastern Native American groups of North America?ANSWER:Students should emphasize that most Native Americans were organized in self-governinggroups and that environmental factors along with changing and spreading technologyshaped the lives of these respective Indian groups. Accordingly, students should point outthat southwestern Indians built large, multi-room residential structures and that the Anasaziconstructed large agricultural communities and maintained extensive trading networks.Good students will insert information on changing environmental conditions such asdrought to explain why the Anasazi eventually dispersed to form pueblos. When discussingdispersal of technology, students need to explain how southeastern Indians benefited fromthe spread of agricultural technology to produce agricultural surpluses. Good students willidentify that social and political authority was bestowed upon those with the expertise tosupervise and accomplish the task at hand, to include women as leaders should the situationcall for their knowledge.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 8-1265. How did African societies change as a result of increased contact with European and Muslim societies?ANSWER:Students should begin by assessing the state of the African societies mentioned in thechapter prior to contact with Europeans and Muslims. All students should be able to identifythe societies covered in the chapter and provide some insights into how these culturesordered themselves and provided for their survival. Additionally, students should be able todescribe how the growing slave market impacted the relationships between European,Muslim, and African societies. More advanced students will also pick up on other tradeissues that affected these groups. Finally, students should be able to provide aninterpretation of how contact with Europeans, who circumvented Muslim trade monopoliesvia the oceans, altered African societies, including the relationships between differentAfrican societies competing for trade privileges.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 12-13; 19-2066. How did the arrival of Europeans affect the environment of North America?ANSWER:This is a fairly straightforward question that requires students to look closely at one aspectof the Columbian Exchange. Students should point to the arrival of new crops and thecreation of plantations, which eventually choked out some existing plants. They should notethe emergence of new species of animals that pushed aside some native animals. Studentsought to note the unintended consequences of much of the environmental change. Theimportation of dandelions is one example. But the major environmental impact resulted fromthe exchange of diseases that killed millions of Indians and lesser numbers of Europeansand Africans. More advanced students should be able to relate the impact this had oncultural knowledge and history due to the loss of storytellers and elders. The survivors ofthe epidemics then formed new relationships, to include confederacies, from the remnants oflarger tribes.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 16-19Page14Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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67.Students should analyze the meaning of the "Columbian Exchange."ANSWER:Such a discussion or written exercise would begin with the recognition that a great numberof exchanges took place across the Atlantic Ocean. They might look at the exchange ofplants likewheat from Europe and maize (or corn) from America. They might consider theexchange of diseases like measles and syphilis. But more significantly, students shoulddescribe the extent to which the Exchange was positive or negative. Consideration of theeffects upon European and African societies which experienced population explosionsbecause of increased nutrition and crop yields of the new plants would rebound to theAmericas where the descendants sought room to grow and a place for themselves in the newworld.POINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 18-21Page15Name:Class:Date:Chapter 01: Making a “New” World, to 1588

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1. What issue prompted James Otis Jr. to become an outspoken critic of British colonial policies?a. the illegal settlement of the backcountryb. the use of Navigation Acts to regulate tradec. the quartering of British troops in colonial homesd. the use of general search warrants by customs officials in search of contraband goodsANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1002. Victory in the French and Indian War brought Britain all of the following spoils, EXCEPTa. new farmlands in the Ohio Valley.b. profitable fishing grounds off the coast of Newfoundland.c. the mainland of Canada.d. the French Caribbean sugar islands.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1023. How did Indians respond to the influx of English settlers into their territory after 1763?a. They formed alliances among themselves and launched a series of attacks.b. They withdrew further west.c. They turned to their traditional allies, the French, for help.d. Most of them reluctantly signed new treaties with the English, ceding more land.ANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 1024. Colonists reacted to the restrictions imposed by the Proclamation Line of 1763 bya. slaughtering Indians wholesale.b. bargaining for land in Canada.c. demanding cheaper land east of the line.d. moving onto lands west of the line anyway.ANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:p. 104Page1Name:Class:Date:Chapter 05: Deciding Where Loyalties Lie, 1763–1776

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