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Palmer, A History of Europe in the Modern World, 11th Edition Test Bank

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    1 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Most of what is now meant by "modern" made its first appearance in: A. ancient Greece. B. Imperial Rome. C. Europe. D. ancient Egypt. 2. Which of the following is least characteristic of modern civilizations? A. Almost instantaneous communications B. A wide network of finance and trade, loans and debts, investments and bank accounts C. Pressures for increased democracy D. A general increase in traditional customs and religion 3. Modern times were immediately preceded by a period of a thousand years that historians called: A. the Ancient Period. B. the Greco - Roman Period. C. the Middle Ages. D. the Dark Ages. 4. The major languages of Europe belong to the _____ language family. A. Altaic B. Austronesian C. Finno - Ugric D. Indo - European 5. The Greeks formed small city - states, all independent and: A. cooperative with one another. B. often at war with one another. C. democratic. D. pluralistic.

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    6. Greek thinkers: A. looked for rational or natural explanations of the human condition. B. extended the web of myth. C. ignored the variety and confusion they saw. D. used demonic possession to explain human sickness. 7. Latin was the basis for all of the following languages except : A. French. B. Italian. C. Romanian. D. German. 8. The Romans conquered Greece in 146 B.C. and rapidly: A. destroyed all that was Greek. B. destroyed most of Greek culture. C. absorbed much of Greek culture. D. adopted the political system of the Greek city - states. 9. By the fifth century the entire Roman world: A. was formally Christian and no other religion was officially tolerated. B. had religious beliefs rooted in paganism. C. were Gentiles, and Christianity was not to be tolerated. D. was formally Christian, but the greatest thinkers remained outside the church. 10. On an intellectual level Christianity marked: A. a return to Greek philosophy. B. a rejection of individual dignity. C. a revolution. D. another elitist religious movement. 11. St. Augustine's book, City of God , proclaimed that: A. the church should have control over political and temporal affairs. B. the government should control religion. C. the spiritual power of the city of Jerusalem would conquer Rome. D. spiritual and political power were separate and independent.

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    12. Caesaropapism: A. was condemned by the patriarch of Constantinople. B. was the doctrine proclaimed by the popes to increase their authority. C. meant that one ruler held both political and spiritual power. D. was espoused by St. Augustine. 13. By 700 C.E., Latin Christendom: A. was the predominant power in the world. B. was totally eclipsed by Byzantium. C. began to threaten the Arab world. D. was a region in chaos. 14. Under the impact of the Germanic invasions of the West, _____. A. trade increased B. political life flourished C. security and civil order disappeared D. manufacturing increased marginally 15. During the "Dark Ages," the Christian church was the only organized institution that: A. maintained a tie with the civilized past. B. could control the Western barbarians. C. embraced secularism. D. supported the new social order. 16. The authority of the papacy in Rome grew out of: A. the concept of Caesaropapism. B. papal opposition to the barbarian invaders. C. the absence of any strong secular authority in the city. D. the doctrine of "Petrine supremacy." 17. The "Donation of Constantine," widely believed genuine until the fifteenth century, _____. A. gave the pope the power of investiture in the Holy Roman Empire B. officially granted the pope control of Rome C. converted all of the Roman Empire to Christianity D. provided bread and circuses for the people of Rome

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    18. In 800 C.E., the pope needed a protector against both barbarians and Byzantium. He therefore: A. declared that the Dark Ages had begun. B. hired Arab mercenaries to defend his territories. C. crowned the Frankish King Charlemagne emperor of the West. D. called upon the English and Irish for assistance against Charlemagne. 19. The achievements of Charlemagne included all of the following except : A. the conquest of Constantinople, which reunited the Roman Empire. B. the promotion of the study of ancient learning. C. the creation of a new and more stable coinage. D. the conquest of parts of Spain, Italy, and Bohemia. 20. The empire established by Charlemagne did not last due to the: A. Great Schism. B. political pretensions of the Byzantine Empire. C. devaluation of the money supply. D. invasion of barbarians in the ninth century. 21. The Great Schism of 1054 between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches signified all of the following except the: A. definitive division of the Christian world into eastern and western halves. B. downfall of Constantinople to the Turks. C. severing of another of the Latin West's ties with antiquity. D. growing emergence of the Roman Catholic West as an independent center of civilization. 22. Which of the following statements is true about Europe's population? A. Its distribution suddenly grew more dense about the year 1000. B. Western Europe's population, sparse even in Roman days, became more so after 500. C. After 1000, Europe's population expanded steadily for two or three hundred years. D. All of the above.

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    23. In the High Middle Ages: A. the concept of progress developed. B. barbarians continued their assaults upon Europe. C. slavery became essential to production. D. slavery gave way to serfdom. 24. Land use was improved through the three - field system, which: A. resulted in two - thirds of the land coming into annual use. B. divided arable land among the clergy, the peasants, and the local aristocracy. C. divided arable land for the purpose of planting, grazing, and building. D. resulted in less effective employment of animals. 25. The three - field system used during the Middle Ages: A. increased the annual land used. B. decreased the annual land used. C. temporarily reduced the food supply. D. caused farmers to migrate to the city. 26. A notable feature of feudalism was: A. its mutual or reciprocal character. B. the lord's exploitation of the serfs, who received nothing in return for their services to the lord. C. its decentralization. D. its inability to diversify. 27. In the strict sense, the system of feudalism applied only to: A. the peasantry and serfs. B. the military or noble class. C. the priests and monks. D. town and city dwellers. 28. Which of the following statements is true of the manorial system? A. Under the manorial system, the lord could expropriate the villagers or drive them away. B. Under the manorial system, the serfs were bound to the soil. C. Under the manorial system, the circulation of money increased. D. None of the above.

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    29. By 1100, Europe experienced: A. a decrease in the overall population. B. a decline of political rights. C. the rise of towns and commerce. D. the continued isolation of villages and towns. 30. In towns, merchants and craftsmen formed guilds, which provided: A. personal liberty. B. a free market for producers. C. a means of vocational education. D. immunity for producers from consumers. 31. The spirit of the medieval economy was to: A. increase competition. B. prevent competition. C. increase production. D. maintain the barter system. 32. By the fifteenth century serfdom had disappeared from most of Western Europe. Why? A. Because the kings of England and France had liberated their serfs B. Because of economic forces associated with the growth of towns C. Because of the influence of the crusaders returning from the Holy Land D. Because of the lack of available land in the rural areas, most serfs ran away to the cities 33. Early parliaments represented: A. the nation. B. the people. C. the collective interests of the country. D. the individual citizen. 34. The growth of parliaments all over Europe in the thirteenth century: A. preceded the rise of departments of government. B. reflected a desire to represent the individual. C. showed the similarities of institutions in Latin Christendom. D. indicated the degree of unity among the European nation - states.

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    35. During the High Middle Ages, the church: A. was omnipresent. B. was still trying to convert the barbarian hordes. C. was marginal to everyday life. D. gave up its traditional commitment to education. 36. Lay investiture was: A. the practice of popes appointing secular rulers. B. the practice of emperors appointing bishops. C. favored by the Roman Catholic church. D. prohibited by the Holy Roman Emperor. 37. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the queen of the sciences was: A. astronomy. B. astrology. C. theology. D. gastronomy. 38. In the twelfth century, a great stream of new knowledge poured into Europe. It was derived from: A. the Arabs. B. the Turks. C. the Vikings. D. the Chinese. 39. The crusades were made possible by all of the following factors except : A. the growth of Italian shipping. B. the rise of a sense of European identity and purpose. C. the recruitment and conversion of Muslims to Christian campaigns. D. the emergence of more orderly feudal monarchies.

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    40. Despite its dazzling achievements, China did not generate, as Europe did in the Middle Ages, the forces that ultimately led to the modern scientific and industrial world. All of the following can help explain this except : A. Europeans, such as Marco Polo, travelled to China, but the Chinese did not venture out of their territory. B. conformity was not one of the primary European virtues. C. the question of what Europeans should do with their lives was less dependent on the political powers than in China, especially, with religion and the church kept distinct from the state. D. Europe discovered such crucial inventions as gunpowder and printing before the Chinese. 41. After about 500 A.D. Europe entered the so - called Dark Ages. Is this term justified? What were the characteristics of the period? Why should they have been considered "dark"? 42. In what sense did Charlemagne's reign mark the true beginning of the Middle Ages? 43. Describe the general workings of the feudal system. What were its main characteristics? How did feudalism benefit the different social classes? Did it reinforce inequality?

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    44. Medieval civilization grew primarily out of a fusion between Roman and Germanic societies. What were the most important contributions of each to the Middle Ages? 45. What factors, already present in the Middle Ages, help to explain why Italy and Germany, but not England or France, were slow to unify politically? 46. What was the relationship between the church and secular powers during the Middle Ages? 47. What significant economic and political developments made possible the prosperity and advanced civilization of the High Middle Ages (the eleventh to thirteenth centuries)?

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    48. How did the idea of representative government develop in the medieval monarchies of the West? 49. To what extent were the medieval monarchs of England, France, and Germany able to consolidate their power by about 1300? What methods did the kings employ to bolster their rule? In particular, how did they manage to increase their sources of revenue? 50. What, for medieval Europeans, was the problem raised by the rediscovery of Aristotelian thought? How did Thomas Aquinas resolve this problem? In what way did scholastic philosophy lay the foundation for later European thought? 51. What was the impact of the Arabic/Islamic conquests on medieval Europe? What did the crusades have in common with those conquests?

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    52. Consider the rise of Christianity. How did early Christian views on the human experience compare with the views of Greeks? 53. How did Christianity become the dominant European religion? How and when did it spread to every corner of Europe? 54. What were the major factors favoring population growth in the tenth and eleventh centuries? What was the role of technology? 55. How did towns represent a challenge to feudalism?

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    56. How did the growth of trade impact feudalism? 57. Describe the life of the common man or woman living on a manor. How did their experiences differ from the experiences of people living in towns? How did the status of poor rural dwellers change over the course of the Middle Ages? 58. What were the causes of the movement for reforming the Catholic Church in the High Middle Ages? How did people attempt to overcome those problems?

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    59. The Greco - Roman world broke into three segments in the early Middle Ages. Why? How did religion influence the division?

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    60. How did the expansion of Latin Christendom, Greek Christendom, and the Muslim world bring each of these three entities into conflict with each other? Where was conflict most intense?

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