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Test Bank for The American Journey: A History of the United States, Combined Volume, 8th Edition

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    i TEST BANK T HE A MERICAN J OURNEY A History of the United States EIGHTH EDITION David Goldfield University of North Carolina, Charlotte Carl Abbott Portland State University Virginia DeJohn Anderson University of Colorado, Boulder Jo Ann E. Argersinger Southern Illinois University Peter H. Argersinger Southern Illinois University William L. Barney University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Robert M. Weir University of South Carolina

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    iii CONTENTS Chapter 1: Worlds Apart 1 Chapter 2: Transplantation and Adaptation 1600 – 1685 15 Chapter 3: A Meeting of Cultures 30 Chapter 4: English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s – 1763 45 Chapter 5: Imperial Breakdown 1763 – 1774 59 Chapter 6: The War for Independence 1774 – 1783 73 Chapter 7: The First Republic 1776 – 1789 87 Chapter 8: A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789 – 1800 102 Chapter 9: The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism 1800 – 1824 116 Chapter 10: The Jacksonian Era 1824 – 1845 129 Chapter 11: Slavery and the Old South 1800 – 1860 143 Chapter 12: The Market Revolution and Social Reform 1815 – 1850 158 Chapter 13: The Way West 1815 – 1850 173 Chapter 14: The Politics of Sectionalism 1846 – 1861 187 Chapter 15: Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War 1861 – 1865 201 Chapter 16: Reconstruction 1865 – 1877 215 Chapter 17: A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition 1877 – 1900 229 Chapter 18: Industry, Immigrants, and Cities 1870 – 1900 243 Chapter 19: Transforming the West 1865 – 1890 257 Chapter 20: Politics and Government 1877 – 1900 271 Chapter 21: The Progressive Era 1900 – 1917 287

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    iv Chapter 22: Creating an Empire 1865 – 1917 302 Chapter 23: America and the Great War 1914 – 1920 316 Chapter 24: Toward a Modern America: The 1920s 330 Chapter 25: The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929 – 1939 345 Chapter 26: World War II 1939 – 1945 360 Chapter 27: The Cold War at Home and Abroad 1946 – 1952 374 Chapter 28: The Confident Years 1953 – 1964 388 Chapter 29: Shaken to the Roots 1965 – 1980 403 Chapter 30: The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World 1981 – 1992 417 Chapter 31: Complacency, Crisis, and Global Reengagement 1993 – 2015 431

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    1 CHAPTER 1: WORLDS APART Multiple Choice 1. In 1492, how many people lived on the continents of North and South America? A) 50 million B) 70 million C) 80 million D) 100 million Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1 Native American Societies before 1492 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. In 1500, the overall state of relations among Native American groups was __________. A) isolated B) peaceful C) unstable D) cooperative Answer: C Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1 Native American Societies before 1492 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 3. What allowed early Americans to start permanent villages? A) better building techniques B) trade C) farming D) better hunting practices Answer: C Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.2 The Development of Agriculture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 4. Which of the following was among the foods that sustained the Inuit and Aleut tribes? A) quinoa B) deer C) olives D) seals Answer: D Learning Objective: How did the precon tact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just

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    2 before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.3 Nonfarming Societies Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. Which group dominated Mexico from 900 to 1100 C.E.? A) Aztecs B) Toltecs C) Mayans D) Olmecs Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.4 Mesoamerican Civiliza tions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. What was the name of the Aztec capital? A) Teotihuacán B) Tenochtitlán C) Mesoamerica D) Mexico City Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, e specially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.4 Mesoamerican Civilizations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7. Which group developed Mesoamerica’s most advanced writing system? A) Aztecs B) Aleuts C) Mayans D) Chinooks Answer: C Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.4 Mesoamerican Civilizations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Connections 8. Which of the following is an example of a “mound - building” society? A) Mississippian B) Cree C) Toltecs D) Cherokee Answer: A

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    3 Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.5 North America’s Diverse Cultures Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. Which of the following tribes is descended from the ancestral Puebloan peoples? A) Navajo B) Hopi C) Apache D) Carib Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.5 North America’s Diver se Cultures Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 10. In the fifteenth century, West African empires were typically found in the __________ areas. A) coastal B) inland C) mountainous D) desert Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Political Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 11. Which of the following contributed to frequent warfare between West African states? A) religious differences B) scarcity of food C) lack of access to fresh water D) proliferation of skilled metalworkers Answer: D Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Politica l Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 12. Most African immigrants to the Americas came from __________. A) West Africa B) East Africa C) North Africa D) South Africa Answer: A Learning Objective: What were the k ey characteristics of West African society?

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    4 Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Political Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13. Which religion took root in West Africa in the tenth century? A) Christianity B) Buddhism C) Islam D) ancestor worship Answer: C Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.2 Family Structure and Religion Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. In the fourteenth century, Europeans were most familiar with the __________ part of Africa. A) southern B) western C) northern D) eastern Answer: C Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.3 European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 15. The majority of African slaves lost their freedom __________. A) as punishment for crimes B) because of debts C) through trickery D) by being captured in war Answer: D Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.3 European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 16. What was the key difference between the slavery in Africa and slavery in the Americas? A) Slavery in Africa involved less coercion and abuse. B) Slavery in the Americas was often temporary. C) Slavery in the Americas did not extend to the children of slaves. D) Slavery in Africa was often permanent. Answer: A Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.3 European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It

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    5 17. The Renaissance originated in the city-states of __________. A) Italy B) Portugal C) Greece D) Spain Answer: A Learning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas? Topic: 1.3 Western Europe on the Eve of Exploration Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. Which of the following contributed to European interest in the slave trade? A) new religious ideas espoused by religious reformers B) the decline in population caused by the Black Plague C) consolidation of power in strong monarchs D) a belief in European cultural superiority as a result of the Renaissance Answer: B Learning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas? Topic: 1.3 Western Europe on the Eve of Exploration Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 19. Calvin emphasized the doctrine of __________. A) salvation through faith B) salvation through works C) predestination D) apostolic succession Answer: C Learning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas? Topic: 1.3.2 Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. According to Luther, salvation is the result of __________. A) good works B) charitable donations C) adherence to the pope’s teachings D) faith Answer: D Learning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas? Topic: 1.3.2 Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 21. What was the primary aim of the Counter-Reformation? A) to strengthen the Catholic Church

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    6 B) to weaken the Catholic Church C) to replace the pope D) to counteract the spread of Islam Answer: A Learning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas? Topic: 1.3.2 Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Connections 22. Of the following events, which one most threatened trade between Europe and Asia? A) the Hundred Years’ War B) the fall of Constantinople to the Turks C) the reconquista D) the proclamation of the doctrine of predestination Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact betwe en Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4 Contact Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 23. Which of the following allowed Portugal to develop a monopoly in Far Eastern trade? A) the fall of the Ottoman Empire B) the design of the caravel C) the Hundred Years’ War D) the conquistadores Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.1 The Lure of Discovery Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 24. Who opened a sea route from Europe to India? A) Dias B) Columbus C) da Gama D) Drake Answer: C Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.1 The Lure of Discovery Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25. Which of the following prompted Columbus to turn Indians into slaves? A) an order from the King and Queen of Spain to send slave labor to Spain

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    7 B) his desire to create permanent European settlements in the Caribbean C) his frustration with the lack of gold in Hispaniola D) his desire to create Christian converts Answer: C Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native America ns? Topic: 1.4.2 Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to Asia Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Connections 26. Which European country funded Columbus’s voyages? A) Italy B) Spain C) Portugal D) England Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.2 Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to Asia Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. Which of the following helped the conquistadores to defeat the Aztecs? A) superior weaponry B) superior monetary wealth C) superior military strategy D) superior intelligence Answer: A Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Ameri cans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28. Pizarro arrived when the Inca empire was weakened, because __________. A) the population was aging with few young fighters B) Incan warriors were away fighting C) the Incas had just traded many of their weapons for food D) the Inca ruler had just died of smallpox and civil war broke out between his sons Answer: D Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of cont act between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 29. Conquistadores came from __________.

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    8 A) Portugal B) West Africa C) Spain D) Italy Answer: C Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Which disease devastated the Aztec population? A) smallpox B) typhoid C) malaria D) Dutch elm disease Answer: A Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 31. Where was the Inca empire primarily located? A) Peru B) Chile C) Brazil D) Mexico Answer: A Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 32. _________ was an eloquent advocate for the Indians of Hispaniola. A) Coronado B) Las Casas C) Luther D) Calvin Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    9 33. The “Black Death” killed what fraction of Europe’s populat ion? A) three-fourths B) one-half C) one-third D) one-fifth Answer: C Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and Colonization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 34. Which of the following was a transplant from the Old World to the New World? A) turkeys B) sheep C) maize D) tomatoes Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans a nd Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.4 The Columbian Exchange Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35. Who introduced horses to America? A) de Soto B) Coronado C) de Vaca D) Columbus Answer: D Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.4 The Columbian Exchange Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 36. Which of the following aspects of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest negative effect? A) the exchange of monetary wealth B) the exchange of diseases C) the exchange of crops and other plants D) the exchange of animals and livestock Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans? Topic: 1.4.4 The Columbian Exchange Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It

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    10 37. During the sixteenth century, which of the following countries was unsuccessful in its attempt to create a permanent settlement in the Americas? A) Spain B) Portugal C) England D) Germany Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5 Competition for a Continent Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38. The Treaty of Tordesillas affected which countries? A) England and France B) England and Spain C) Portugal and Spain D) Portugal and France Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5 Competition f or a Continent Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 39. Which of the following initially prevented France and England from pursuing rights to New World lands? A) the Protestant Reformation B) the Crusades C) the Hundred Years’ War D) the Black Plague Answer: A Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5 Competition for a Continent Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 40. Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River in order to __________. A) find a water route to Asia B) find gold C) establish the fur trade D) spread Christianity throughout Canada Answer: B Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.1 Early French Efforts in North America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    11 41. Which British monarch formed the Church of England separate from the Catholic Church? A) Mary, Queen of Scots B) Elizabeth I C) Henry VIII D) Victoria Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 42. King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth first targeted __________ for colonization. A) France B) North Africa C) Ireland D) Cuba Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 43. Queen Elizabeth sent Frobisher in search of __________. A) gold B) trading partners C) the Northwest Passage D) cheap Indian labor Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 44. Who was the first English child born in America? A) Elizabeth Free B) Carolina Free C) Anne Roanoke D) Virginia Dare Answer: D Learning Objective: Why did early French and En glish efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    12 45. A war between England and __________ delayed the dispatch of a relief ship for the Roanoke colony for three years. A) Ireland B) France C) Spain D) Germany Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 46. Who wrote the Discourse on the Western Planting ? A) Raleigh B) Hakluyt C) Gilbert D) Hawkins Answer: B Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 47. Where did the English first establish plantations? A) Wales B) North Carolina C) Ireland D) Florida Answer: C Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48. Hakluyt argued that the Indians, once civilized, would be __________. A) good slaves B) good Christians C) powerful allies D) purchasers of English goods Answer: D Learning Objective: Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter? Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Connections

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