Test Bank for The American Journey: A History of the United States, Combined Volume, 8th Edition

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iTEST BANKTHEAMERICANJOURNEYA History of the United StatesEIGHTH EDITIONDavid GoldfieldUniversity of North Carolina, CharlotteCarl AbbottPortland State UniversityVirginia DeJohn AndersonUniversity of Colorado, BoulderJo Ann E. ArgersingerSouthern Illinois UniversityPeter H. ArgersingerSouthern Illinois UniversityWilliam L. BarneyUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRobert M. WeirUniversity of South Carolina

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iiiCONTENTSChapter 1:Worlds Apart1Chapter 2:Transplantation and Adaptation 1600–168515Chapter 3:A Meeting of Cultures30Chapter 4:English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s–176345Chapter 5:Imperial Breakdown 1763–177459Chapter 6:The War for Independence 1774–178373Chapter 7:The First Republic 1776–178987Chapter 8:A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789–1800102Chapter 9:The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism 1800–1824116Chapter 10:The Jacksonian Era 1824–1845129Chapter 11:Slavery and the Old South 1800–1860143Chapter 12:The Market Revolution and Social Reform 1815–1850158Chapter 13:The Way West 1815–1850173Chapter 14:The Politics of Sectionalism 1846–1861187Chapter 15:Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War 1861–1865201Chapter 16:Reconstruction 1865–1877215Chapter 17:A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition 1877–1900229Chapter 18:Industry, Immigrants, and Cities 1870–1900243Chapter 19:Transforming the West 1865–1890257Chapter 20:Politics and Government 1877–1900271Chapter 21:The Progressive Era 1900–1917287

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ivChapter 22:Creating an Empire 1865–1917302Chapter 23:America and the Great War 1914–1920316Chapter 24:Toward a Modern America: The 1920s330Chapter 25:The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929–1939345Chapter 26:World War II 1939–1945360Chapter 27:The Cold War at Home and Abroad 1946–1952374Chapter 28:The Confident Years 1953–1964388Chapter 29:Shaken to the Roots 1965–1980403Chapter 30:The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World 1981–1992417Chapter 31:Complacency, Crisis, and Global Reengagement 1993–2015431

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1CHAPTER 1: WORLDS APARTMultiple Choice1. In 1492, how many people lived on the continents of North and South America?A) 50 millionB) 70 millionC) 80 millionD) 100 millionAnswer: BLearning Objective:How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1 Native American Societies before 1492Difficulty Level:EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts2. In 1500, the overall state of relations among Native American groups was __________.A) isolatedB) peacefulC) unstableD) cooperativeAnswer: CLearning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1 Native American Societies before 1492Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections3. What allowed early Americans to start permanent villages?A) better building techniquesB) tradeC) farmingD) better hunting practicesAnswer: CLearning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic: 1.1.2 The Development of AgricultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections4. Which of the following was among the foods that sustained the Inuit and Aleut tribes?A) quinoaB) deerC) olivesD) sealsAnswer: DLearning Objective:How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just

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2before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1.3 Nonfarming SocietiesDifficulty Level:EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts5. Which group dominated Mexico from 900 to 1100 C.E.?A) AztecsB) ToltecsC) MayansD) OlmecsAnswer: BLearning Objective:How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1.4 Mesoamerican CivilizationsDifficulty Level:ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts6. What was the name of the Aztec capital?A) TeotihuacánB) TenochtitlánC) MesoamericaD) Mexico CityAnswer: BLearning Objective:How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1.4 Mesoamerican CivilizationsDifficulty Level:EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts7. Which group developed Mesoamerica’s most advanced writing system?A) AztecsB) AleutsC) MayansD) ChinooksAnswer: CLearning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1.4 Mesoamerican CivilizationsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Connections8. Which of the following is an example of a “mound-building” society?A) MississippianB) CreeC) ToltecsD) CherokeeAnswer: A

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3Learning Objective:How did the precontact histories of Native Americans,especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic:1.1.5 North America’s Diverse CulturesDifficulty Level:EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts9. Which of the following tribes is descended from the ancestral Puebloan peoples?A) NavajoB) HopiC) ApacheD) CaribAnswer: BLearning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries justbefore 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans?Topic: 1.1.5 North America’s Diverse CulturesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections10. In the fifteenth century, West African empires were typically found in the __________ areas.A) coastalB) inlandC) mountainousD) desertAnswer: BLearning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society?Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Political DifferencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections11. Which of the following contributed to frequent warfare between West African states?A) religious differencesB) scarcity of foodC) lack of access to fresh waterD) proliferation of skilled metalworkersAnswer: DLearning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society?Topic:1.2.1 Geographical and Political DifferencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections12. Most African immigrants to the Americas came from __________.A) West AfricaB) East AfricaC) North AfricaD) South AfricaAnswer: ALearning Objective:What were the key characteristics of West African society?

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4Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Political DifferencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts13. Which religion took root in West Africa in the tenth century?A) ChristianityB) BuddhismC) IslamD) ancestor worshipAnswer: CLearning Objective:What were the key characteristics of West African society?Topic:1.2.2 Family Structure and ReligionDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts14. In the fourteenth century, Europeans were most familiar with the __________ part of Africa.A) southernB) westernC) northernD) easternAnswer: CLearning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society?Topic: 1.2.3 European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave TradeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections15. The majority of African slaves lost their freedom __________.A) as punishment for crimesB) because of debtsC) through trickeryD) by being captured in warAnswer: DLearning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society?Topic: 1.2.3 European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave TradeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections16. What was the key difference between the slavery in Africa and slavery in the Americas?A) Slavery in Africa involved less coercion and abuse.B) Slavery in the Americas was often temporary.C) Slavery in the Americas did not extend to the children of slaves.D) Slavery in Africa was often permanent.Answer: ALearning Objective:What were the key characteristics of West African society?Topic: 1.2.3 European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave TradeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It

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517. The Renaissance originated in the city-states of __________.A) ItalyB) PortugalC) GreeceD) SpainAnswer: ALearning Objective:How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas?Topic:1.3 Western Europe on the Eve of ExplorationDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts18. Which of the following contributed to European interest in the slave trade?A) new religious ideas espoused by religious reformersB) the decline in population caused by the Black PlagueC) consolidation of power in strong monarchsD) a belief in European cultural superiority as a result of the RenaissanceAnswer: BLearning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas?Topic: 1.3 Western Europe on the Eve of ExplorationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections19. Calvin emphasized the doctrine of __________.A) salvation through faithB) salvation through worksC) predestinationD) apostolic successionAnswer: CLearning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas?Topic: 1.3.2 Religious Conflict and the Protestant ReformationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts20. According to Luther, salvation is the result of __________.A) good worksB) charitable donationsC) adherence to the pope’s teachingsD) faithAnswer: DLearning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas?Topic: 1.3.2 Religious Conflict and the Protestant ReformationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections21. What was the primary aim of the Counter-Reformation?A) to strengthen the Catholic Church

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6B) to weaken the Catholic ChurchC) to replace the popeD) to counteract the spread of IslamAnswer: ALearning Objective: How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas?Topic: 1.3.2 Religious Conflict and the Protestant ReformationDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Connections22. Of the following events, which one most threatened trade between Europe and Asia?A) the Hundred Years’ WarB) the fall of Constantinople to the TurksC) thereconquistaD) the proclamation of the doctrine of predestinationAnswer: BLearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4 ContactDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections23. Which of the following allowed Portugal to develop a monopoly in Far Eastern trade?A) the fall of the Ottoman EmpireB) the design of the caravelC) the Hundred Years’ WarD) the conquistadoresAnswer: BLearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.1 The Lure of DiscoveryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections24. Who opened a sea route from Europe to India?A) DiasB) ColumbusC) da GamaD) DrakeAnswer: CLearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic:1.4.1The Lure of DiscoveryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts25. Which of the following prompted Columbus to turn Indians into slaves?A) an order from the King and Queen of Spain to send slave labor to Spain

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7B) his desire to create permanent European settlements in the CaribbeanC) his frustration with the lack of gold in HispaniolaD) his desire to create Christian convertsAnswer: CLearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.2 Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to AsiaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Understand the Connections26. Which European country funded Columbus’s voyages?A) ItalyB) SpainC) PortugalD) EnglandAnswer: BLearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.2 Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to AsiaDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts27. Which of the following helped the conquistadores to defeat the Aztecs?A) superior weaponryB) superior monetary wealthC) superior military strategyD) superior intelligenceAnswer: ALearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections28. Pizarro arrived when the Inca empire was weakened, because __________.A) the population was aging with few young fightersB) Incan warriors were away fightingC) the Incas had just traded many of their weapons for foodD) the Inca ruler had just died of smallpox and civil war broke out between his sonsAnswer: DLearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections29. Conquistadores came from __________.

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8A) PortugalB) West AfricaC) SpainD) ItalyAnswer: CLearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic:1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts30. Which disease devastated the Aztec population?A) smallpoxB) typhoidC) malariaD) Dutch elm diseaseAnswer: ALearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts31. Where was the Inca empire primarily located?A) PeruB) ChileC) BrazilD) MexicoAnswer: ALearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts32. _________ was an eloquent advocate for the Indians of Hispaniola.A) CoronadoB) Las CasasC) LutherD) CalvinAnswer: BLearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Remember the Facts

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933. The “Black Death” killed what fraction of Europe’s population?A) three-fourthsB) one-halfC) one-thirdD) one-fifthAnswer: CLearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.3 The Spanish Conquest and ColonizationDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts34. Which of the following was a transplant from the Old World to the New World?A) turkeysB) sheepC) maizeD) tomatoesAnswer: BLearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.4 The Columbian ExchangeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections35. Who introduced horses to America?A) de SotoB) CoronadoC) de VacaD) ColumbusAnswer: DLearning Objective: What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and NativeAmericans?Topic: 1.4.4 The Columbian ExchangeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts36. Which of the following aspects of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest negative effect?A) the exchange of monetary wealthB) the exchange of diseasesC) the exchange of crops and other plantsD) the exchange of animals and livestockAnswer: BLearning Objective:What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans andNativeAmericans?Topic:1.4.4 The Columbian ExchangeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It

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1037. During the sixteenth century, which of the following countries was unsuccessful in its attempt tocreate a permanent settlement in the Americas?A) SpainB) PortugalC) EnglandD) GermanyAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic: 1.5 Competition for a ContinentDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections38. The Treaty of Tordesillas affected which countries?A) England and FranceB) England and SpainC) Portugal and SpainD) Portugal and FranceAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5 Competition for a ContinentDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts39. Which of the following initially prevented France and England from pursuing rights to New Worldlands?A) the Protestant ReformationB) the CrusadesC) the Hundred Years’ WarD) the Black PlagueAnswer: ALearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic: 1.5 Competition for a ContinentDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It40. Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River in order to __________.A) find a water route to AsiaB) find goldC) establish the fur tradeD) spread Christianity throughout CanadaAnswer: BLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic: 1.5.1 Early French Efforts in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts

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1141. Which British monarch formed theChurch of England separate from the Catholic Church?A) Mary, Queen of ScotsB) Elizabeth IC) Henry VIIID) VictoriaAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts42. King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth first targeted __________ for colonization.A) FranceB) North AfricaC) IrelandD) CubaAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts43. Queen Elizabeth sent Frobisher in search of __________.A) goldB) trading partnersC) the Northwest PassageD) cheap Indian laborAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5.2 English Attemptsin the New WorldDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts44.Who was the first English child born in America?A) Elizabeth FreeB) Carolina FreeC) Anne RoanokeD) Virginia DareAnswer: DLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts

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1245. A war between England and __________ delayed the dispatch of a relief ship for the Roanoke colonyfor three years.A) IrelandB) FranceC) SpainD) GermanyAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts46. Who wrote theDiscourse on the Western Planting?A) RaleighB) HakluytC) GilbertD) HawkinsAnswer: BLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic:1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts47. Where did the English first establish plantations?A) WalesB) North CarolinaC) IrelandD) FloridaAnswer: CLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Connections48. Hakluyt argued that the Indians, once civilized, would be __________.A) good slavesB) good ChristiansC) powerful alliesD) purchasers of English goodsAnswer: DLearning Objective:Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?Topic: 1.5.2 English Attempts in the New WorldDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Understand the Connections

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