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Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors - Document preview page 1

Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors - Page 1

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Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors

Covers statistical hypothesis testing.

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Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors - Page 1 preview imageData File 5:Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis ofProportions, Means, and ErrorsData File 5Chapter NineShow all workProblem1)A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen aUFOis less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis fora test of significance.Here we want to test whether the statement made by the paranormal researcher is true or not thusthe null and alternative hypothesis are,𝐻0:𝑝β‰₯11000π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π»π‘Ž:𝑝<11000Problem 2)At one school, the average amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television eachweek is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch lesstelevision. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whetherthe average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased. Formulate thenull and alternative hypotheses for the study described.Here the null and alternative hypotheses for the study are,𝐻0:ΞΌβ‰₯18.4π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π»π‘Ž:ΞΌ<18.4Problem 3)A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to rejectthe null hypothesis?We reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is smaller than the significance level thus here wewould reject the null hypothesis if p-value is smaller than 5% or 0.05.Problem 4)A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is theright tail percentilerequired to reject the null hypothesis?
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Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors - Page 2 preview image
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Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors - Page 3 preview imageAs the test is two tailed so we would reject the null hypothesis if the right tail percentile issmaller than 5%/2 = 2.5% or 0.025.Problem 5)What is the difference between an Type I and a Type II error? Provide an example of both.A Type I error is rejecting the null hypothesis which is actually true and a Type II error isaccepting a null hypothesis which is actually false.Suppose we want to test whether a new medication is better than old medication or not. If wereject the null hypothesis and decide the new medication is better when actually the oldmedication is better (or has no difference) we will make a Type I error. And if we fail to rejectthe null hypothesis and decide the old medication is better or indifference where actually the newmedication is better we would make a Type II error.Chapter 10Show all workProblem 1)Steven collected data from 20 college students on their emotional responses to classical music.Students listened to two 30-second segments from β€œThe Collection from the Best of ClassicalMusic.” After listening to a segment, the students rated it on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1indicating that it β€œmade them very sad” to 10 indicating that it β€œmade them very happy.” Stevecomputes the total scores from each student and created a variable called β€œhapsad.” Steve thenconducts a one-sample t-test on the data, knowing that there is an established mean for thepublication of others that have taken this test of 6. The following is the scores:5.05.010.03.013.013.07.05.05.015.014.018.08.012.010.07.03.015.04.03.0a)Conducta one-sample t-test. What is the t-test score? What is the mean? Was the testsignificant? If it was significant at what P-value level was it significant?
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Data File 5: Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Proportions, Means, and Errors - Page 4 preview imageThe obtained SPSS output is given below,One-Sample StatisticsNMeanStd. DeviationStd. Error Meanhapsad208.75004.733701.05849One-Sample TestTest Value = 6tdfSig. (2-tailed)Mean Difference95% Confidence Interval of theDifferenceLowerUpperhapsad2.59819.0182.75000.53464.9654From the above output we can see that t-test score is2.598and the mean is 8.75. Theoutput suggests that the test is significant at any significance level more than 0.018because the p-value is 0.018.b)What is your null and alternative hypothesis? Given the results did you reject or fail toreject the null and why?(Useinstructions on page 437 of your textbook, under Hypothesis Tests with the tDistribution to conduct SPSS or Excel analysis).Here theclaimed mean was 6 hence the null andalternative hypotheses are,𝐻0:ΞΌ=6π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π»π‘Ž:ΞΌβ‰ 6As the test was significant so the null hypothesis was rejected.Problem 2)Billie wishes to test the hypothesis that overweight individuals tend to eat faster than normal-weight individuals. To test this hypothesis, she has two assistants sit in a McDonald’s restaurantand identify individuals who order the Big Mac special for lunch. The Big Mackers as theybecome known are then classified by the assistants as overweight, normal weight, or neitheroverweight nor normal weight. The assistants identify 10 overweight and 10 normal weight BigMackers. The assistants record the amount of time it takes them to eight the Big Mac special.1.0585.01.0540.01.0660.01.0571.01.0584.0
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