Week 8: Data Interpretation and Confounding Exercise

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1Week 8: Data Interpretation and Confounding ExerciseTable 1 below describes data from a prospective cohort study examining the association betweentype of work schedule and the risk of prostate cancer in men.Table 1: Incidence of prostate cancer in14,052 male workers according to type of work scheduleWork scheduleDaytimeFixed nightRotating shiftNo. of subjects with no diagnosisof prostate cancer at the time ofenrollment in the study11,2699821,801No. ofperson-years of follow-up89,1798,27214,523No. of new prostate cancer cases2137Express your answers as per 10,000 person-years of follow-up where appropriate.A. What is the incidence density of prostate cancer in all participants in thestudy? (2 points)Shift the rows and columns of the above table and calculated the required ratios.The incidence density of prostate cancer in all participants in the study is in the below table.Work scheduleNo. ofsubjectswith nodiagnosisof prostatecancer atthe time ofenrollmentin thestudyIncidencedensityNo. ofperson-yearsoffollow-upIncidencedensityNo. ofnewprostatecancercasesIncidencedensityTotalDay time11,2690.11289,1790.888210.00021100,469Fixed night9820.1068,2720.89430.000329,257Rotating shift1,8010.11014,5230.88970.0004316,331B. What is the incidence density of prostate cancer in daytime workers? (2 points)The incidence density of prostate cancer in daytime workers is 0.00021

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2C. What is the incidence density of prostate cancer in fixed night workers? (2 points)The incidence density of prostate cancer in fixed night workers is 0.00032D. What is the incidence density of prostate cancer inrotating shift workers? (2 points)The incidence density of prostate cancer in rotating shift workers is 0.00043E. What is the ratio of the person-time incidence (or incidence density) of prostate cancer infixed night shift to the person-time incidence of prostate cancer in Daytime workers? (2 points)The ratio of the person-time incidence (or incidence density) of prostate cancer in fixed nightshift to the person-time incidence of prostate cancer in Daytime workers is=0.894/0.888 =1.007F. What is the ratio of the person-time incidence of prostate cancer in rotating shift to the person-time incidence of prostate cancer in Daytime workers? (2 points)The ratio of the person-time incidence of prostate cancer in rotating shift to the person-timeincidence of prostate cancer in Daytime workers is=0.889/0.888=1.001G. How do rates of prostate cancer among fixed night and rotating shift compare to the rate ofprostate cancer in daytime shift? What would you conclude about therelationship between workschedule and risk or rate of prostate cancer? Why? (2 points)Rate of prostate cancer among fixed night compared to rate of prostate cancer in daytime shift is=0.00032/0.00021 =1.55This means prostate cancer among the people who working in fixed night is 1.55 times morecompared to the people who are working in day shift.Rate of prostate cancer among rotating shift compared to rate of prostate cancer in daytime shiftis=0.00043/0.00021 = 2.05The prostate cancer among the people who are working in rotating shift is 2.05 times more thanthe people who are working in day shift.From the above ratios,risk of prostate cancer is low for the people who are working in dayshift.Which means, the risk of prostate cancer for the people who are working in night shift/rotatingshift is more than the people who are working in day shift.Next, the risk of prostate cancer in rotating shift people is more than the people who are workingin the night shift.

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