French II – Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions - Quick Guides | World Languages

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Study GuideFrench II–Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions1.Adjectives, Adverbs, and PrepositionsIn French,adjectives, adverbs, and prepositionshelp make sentences clearer, more detailed, andmore interesting. Without these words, we would only knowwhat actions happen, but nothow,where, orin what waythey happen.These parts of speech add important information and help us describe people, places, things, andactions more precisely.1. AdjectivesAdjectivesare words thatdescribe nouns. They give more information about:•people•places•things•ideasFor example, adjectives can describesize, color, shape, personality, or quality.Examples:•une maison grande—a big house•un livre intéressant—an interesting book•une ville moderne—a modern cityAdjectives make sentences more informative by telling uswhat something is like.2. AdverbsAdverbsdescribehow an action is performed. They usually modify:•verbs•adjectives•other adverbs

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Study GuideIn simple terms, adverbs explainhow, when, where, or how muchsomething happens.Examples:•Il parle lentement.He speaks slowly.•Elle travaille très bien.She works very well.Adverbs help add details aboutthe manner or intensity of an action.3. ComparisonsAdjectives, adverbs, and even nouns can be used tomake comparisonsbetween people or things.These comparisons help show:•more•less•equalityFor example:•comparing two people•comparing two places•comparing the quality of two objectsComparisons help speakers expressdifferences and similarities.4. PrepositionsPrepositionsare words thatconnect elements in a sentence. They show relationships betweenwords, especially between:•nouns and nouns•verbs and nounsPrepositions often describelocation, direction, time, or relationships.

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Study GuideExamples of common ideas expressed by prepositions include:•location•movement•possession•timeBecause they often indicateplace or direction, prepositions are especially useful when:•traveling•giving directions•looking for places or objectsFor example, they help explain where something is located or where someone is going.Key Takeaway•Adjectivesdescribe nouns such as people, places, things, or ideas.•Adverbsdescribe how actions happen and modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.•Comparisonsallow adjectives, adverbs, and nouns to show differences or similarities.•Prepositionsconnect parts of a sentence and often describe location, direction, orrelationships.2.Adjectives and Exclamations in French1. Adjectives Must Agree with the NounIn French,adjectives must agree with the noun they describe. This means the adjective changesdepending on the noun’s:•gender(masculine or feminine)•number(singular or plural)Because of this, it is important to know whether a noun ismasculine or feminineandsingular orplural.

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Study GuideExample:•Il est intelligent.He is intelligent.•Elle est intelligente.She is intelligent.Forming Feminine Adjectives1. Most Adjectives Add-eThe most common rule is simple:Add-eto the masculine adjective to form thefeminine form.Example:•intelligent → intelligenteSometimes a final consonant that was silent becomes pronounced in the feminine form.2. Adjectives Ending in-eIf a masculine adjective already ends in-e, the feminine formdoes not change.Example:•sincère → sincèreExample sentences:•Il est sincère.•Elle est sincère.Both forms look and sound the same.3. Adjectives Ending in-éIf the masculine adjective ends in-é, the feminine form adds another-e.Example:

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Study Guide•occupé → occupéeExample:•Il est occupé.•Elle est occupée.4. Adjectives Ending in-xAdjectives ending in-xusually change-x to-sein the feminine.Example:•curieux → curieuse5. Adjectives Ending in-fAdjectives ending in-fchange-f to-ve.Example:•actif → active6. Adjectives Ending in-erAdjectives ending in-erchange-er to-ère.Example:•fier → fière7. Doubling the Final ConsonantSome adjectives form the feminine bydoubling the final consonantbefore adding-e.Examples:

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Study GuideIrregular Feminine AdjectivesSome adjectives do not follow regular patterns and must be memorized.Examples:

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Study Guide

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Study GuideSpecial Forms Before VowelsSome adjectives change form when placedbefore a masculine noun beginning with a vowel orsilent h.Examples:•beau → bel•nouveau → nouvel•vieux → vieil•fou → fol•mou → molExample:•un bel appartementa beautiful apartmentBut when the adjective comesafter the noun, the normal masculine form is used.

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Study GuideExample:•L'appartement est beau.Forming Plural Adjectives1. Most Adjectives Add-sTo make adjectives plural, simply add-s.Examples:•intelligent →intelligents•intelligente → intelligentesExample sentences:•Ils sont intelligents.•Elles sont intelligentes.2. Mixed Gender NounsWhen an adjective describesboth masculine and feminine nouns, themasculine pluralis used.Example:•Le garçon et la fille sont contents.The boy and the girl are happy.3. Adjectives Ending in-s or-xIf the masculine adjective ends in-sor-x, the singular and plural formsstay the same.Example:•Il est sérieux.•Ils sont sérieux.4. Adjectives Ending in-alMost adjectives ending in-alchange to-auxin the plural.

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