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Spanish I - Adjectives - Document preview page 1

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Spanish I - Adjectives

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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 1 preview imageStudy GuideSpanish IAdjectives1. Adjective Types1.1Adjective Types: Possessive and Demonstrative AdjectivesIn Spanish, adjectives usually comebefore the noun.Two very important types of adjectives you’ll use all the time are:Possessive adjectives(show ownership)Demonstrative adjectives(show distance)Learning these two adjective types is essential for becoming confident in Spanish.The good news? They arelogical, consistent, and easy to learnonce you understand the patterns.1.2Possessive Adjectives (Before the Noun)They usually comebefore the noun, just like in English.Important rule:Possessive adjectivesmatch the gender and number of the noun,NOTthe gender or number of the person who owns it.Example:mi libro→ my bookmis libros→ my booksEven if many people own the book, the adjective only matcheslibro, not the owners.
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 2 preview imageStudy Guide1.3How to Choose the Correct Possessive AdjectiveUse the adjective that matcheswho the owner is:yomi / mistu / tusél, ella, ustedsu / susnosotros/nosotrasnuestro/a/os/asvosotros/vosotrasvuestro/a/os/asellos, ellas, ustedessu / susThen adjustsingular or pluralto match the noun being owned.Examples:su libro→ his book / her book / your (formal) book / their booksus libros→ his books / her books / your (formal) books / their booksTricky point:The wordsucan meanhis, her, their, or your (formal).Context tells you who owns it.
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 3 preview imageStudy GuideAccent Reminder(with accent) =youtu(no accent) =yourThis difference is very important in writing.1.4Gender Changes:NuestroandVuestroBecausenuestroandvuestroend in-o, they change for:gender(masculine/feminine)number(singular/plural)That’s why they havefour forms each.1.5Possessive Adjectives (After the NounLong Form)Spanish also haslong-form possessive adjectivesthat appearafter the noun.These are commonly used:AfterserorestarWhen the noun already has an article (el, la, los, las)
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 4 preview imageStudy GuideKey Rule for Long FormsLong-form possessive adjectivesmust match the noun’s gender and number, just like otheradjectives.Examples with Articles1.6Possessives withSerorEstarIn English, we say:My bookThe book is mineSpanish works the same way, butthe possessive adjective stays after the noun.
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 5 preview imageStudy Guide1.7Demonstrative AdjectivesThey answer the question:Is it here, there, or far away?In English:this / these→ closethat / those→ farther awaySpanish does the same thing, but also changes forgender and number.Distance 1: “This / These” (Here)Used for thingsclose to you.este(masculine singular)esta(feminine singular)estos(masculine plural)estas(feminine plural)
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 6 preview imageStudy GuideDistance 2: “That / Those” (There)Used for thingsfarther away.ese, esa, esos, esasEasy memory trick:“This and these have T’s. That and those don’t.”Distance 3: “Way Over There” (Far Away)Spanish has athird distance, which English does not.aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellasThese mean:that ___ way over therethose ___ far away1.8Demonstrative Adjectives + Distance WordsSpanish often usesdistance adverbstogether with demonstrative adjectives:aquí= hereahí / allí= thereallá= far away
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 7 preview imageStudy GuideExamples with Distance Words1.9Complete Demonstrative Adjective ChartTo make things easier, all demonstrative adjectives can be organized by:singular vs. pluralmasculine vs. feminineSummaryMost demonstrative adjective endings arepredictable:Feminine singular →-aMasculine plural →-osFeminine plural →-as
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 8 preview imageStudy GuideThe only forms that look unusual are:esteese2. Quiz: Adjective Types1. QuestionTheir house = ?Answer ChoicesSus casaSu casaCorrect AnswerSu casaWhy This Is CorrectIn Spanish,“su”is used forhis, her, your (formal), or theirwhen referring to asingular noun.Since“casa”(house) is singular, the correct form is“su casa.”Important NoteSu casa= their house (one house)Sus casas= their houses (more than one house)So even though“their”refers to more than one person, the Spanish possessive agrees with thething owned, not the number of owners.2. QuestionYour (familiar) pets =
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 9 preview imageStudy GuideAnswer ChoicesSus mascotasTus mascotasCorrect AnswerTus mascotasWhy This Is CorrectIn Spanish,“your”can be translated in different ways depending on the level of formality.Tus mascotasis used in afamiliar/informalcontext, when speaking to someone you knowwell (a friend, sibling, classmate).Sus mascotasis used in aformalcontext or when referring tohis/her/theirpets.Because the question specifies(familiar), the correct translation is“Tus mascotas.”3. QuestionHer photos = ?Answer ChoicesSus fotosSu fotosCorrect AnswerSus fotosWhy This Is CorrectIn Spanish, possessive adjectives must agree innumber(singular or plural) with the noun theydescribe.Fotosisplural, so the possessive adjective must also bepluralsusSuis singular and is used only with singular nouns (e.g.,su foto)
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Spanish I - Adjectives - Page 10 preview imageStudy GuideExample:Her photo →su fotoHer photos →sus fotosTherefore,“Her photos” = “Sus fotos”4. QuestionOur vacation =Answer ChoicesNuestras vacacionesNuestro vacacionCorrect AnswerNuestras vacacionesWhy This Is Correct“Vacation”in Spanish is“vacaciones”, which isplural, so it must agree with a pluralpossessive.“Our”translates to“nuestras”(feminine plural) to matchvacaciones.“Nuestro vacacion”is incorrect because:ovacacionshould bevacaciones(plural)othe gender agreement is wrongCorrect Usage Example:Our vacation was fun.Nuestras vacaciones fueron divertidas.
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