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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons

This document provides study materials related to Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons. It may include explanations, summarized notes, examples, or practice questions designed to help students understand key concepts and review important topics covered in their coursework.

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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 1 preview imageStudy GuideSpanish II–Adjectives and Comparisons1. Demonstrative AdjectivesDemonstrative adjectivesare used topoint out nounsand showhow close or farsomething isfrom the speaker. In simple terms, they help answer questions like:•Is ithere?•Is itthere?•Is itfar away?They always comebefore a nounand must agree with that noun ingender(masculine or feminine)andnumber(singular or plural).1.1Demonstrative Adjectives in English (Quick Review)English only showstwo distances:•Here→this(singular),these(plural)•There→that(singular),those(plural)Examples:•This video is interesting.•Those teachers are very demanding.1.2Spanish Uses THREE Distances (Not Two!)Spanish is more specific than English. It showsthree different distances:1.Here (close to the speaker)2.There (farther away)3.Way over there (far away from both speaker and listener)Because of this, Spanish hasthree sets of demonstrative adjectives.
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 2 preview imageStudy Guide1.3Distance #1: “Here” → este / esta / estos / estasUse these when the noun isclose to you.Examples:•Estevideo es interesante.•Estapelícula es muy romántica.•Estosapartamentos tienen buenas vistas.•Estasparedes son muy altas.1.4Distance #2: “There” → ese / esa / esos / esasUse these when the noun isnot close, but alsonot very far away.Examples:•Esetraje es negro.•Esafalda es azul.•Esosmaestros son muy exigentes.•Esasreglas de la clase me molestan mucho.
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 3 preview imageStudy Guide1.5Distance #3: “Way Over There” → aquel / aquella /aquellos / aquellasSpanish has a special set of demonstratives for things that arefar away from everyone.English does not have an exact equivalent, so these are often translated as:•that (way over there)•those (way over there)Examples:•Aquelpaís tiene muchos problemas.•Aquellanación es pobre.•Aquellospolíticos gastan todos los impuestos.•Aquellasfamilias necesitan comida.1.6Time Distance Also MattersDemonstrative adjectives can also showdistance in time, not just space.•Estaoften refers to something happeningnow or today•Esaoften refers to something that happenedin the pastExample:•Estacamiseta que llevo hoy es muy cómoda.•(This T-shirt I’m wearing today is very comfortable.)•Esacamisa que llevaba ayer era de lana.•(That shirt I wore yesterday was wool.)
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 4 preview imageStudy Guide1.7Helpful Memory Trick (Very Important!)“This” and “these” have T’s.“That” and “those” do NOT.•este / esta / estos / estas→ haveT•ese / esa / esos / esas→no TChanting this helps students remember the difference quickly.1.8The Three Distances and Their DemonstrativesCertain words give you aclueabout which demonstrative to use.•aquí→ este, esta, estos, estas•allí→ ese, esa, esos, esas•allá→ aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas1.9Demonstrative Adjectives by Gender and NumberDemonstrative adjectives must match the noun.
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 5 preview imageStudy GuideImportant pattern:•Feminine singular →–a•Masculine plural →–os•Feminine plural →–as•Masculine singular (este, ese, aquel) is theonly form that breaks the pattern1.10Adjectives vs. Pronouns (Don’t Confuse Them!)•Demonstrative adjectives:oModify a nounoDo NOT have accent marksoExample:Este libro es interesante.•Demonstrative pronouns:oReplace a nounoMay look similar butare used differently2. ComparisonsWhen we compare people or things, we are usually answering questions like:•Who istaller?•Which ismore interesting?•Who isthe bestorthe worst?Spanish and English do this in similar ways—but Spanish usesclear formulasthat makecomparisons very predictable once you learn them.
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 6 preview imageStudy Guide2.1Comparisons in English (Quick Review)In English, the form of the adjective depends on how long it is.Short adjectives (one syllable)Add–er, and usethan.•Mario is tall.•Shelly istaller thanMario.•I am smart.•You aresmarter thanI am.Longer adjectives (more than one syllable)Usemoreorless+ adjective +than.•Erin ismore intelligent thanLisa.•Paul isless annoying thanDanny.2.2Comparisons in Spanish (Much Easier!)Spanish doesnotchange the adjective itself.Instead, it always usesmás(more) ormenos(less).The basic comparison formula:(noun) + es/son + más/menos + adjective + que + (noun)The adjective must agree ingender and numberwith thefirst noun.Examples:•Marta es más alta que Marco.•Marta is taller than Marco.•Memo y Cristóbal son menos prácticos que sus hermanas.•Memo and Cristóbal are less practical than their sisters.
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 7 preview imageStudy Guide2.3Comparisons with Numbers: más de / menos deWhen the second part of the comparison is anumber, Spanish doesnotuseque.Instead, it usesde.Examples:•Zobeida tiene más de 30 pares de zapatos.•Zobeida has more than 30 pairs of shoes.•Necesito menos de 10 voluntarios.•I need fewer than 10 volunteers.2.4Saying Two Things Are EqualSometimes you want to say that two people or things arethe samein some way.The equality formula:tan + adjective + comoExamples:•La criada es tan importante como el abogado.•The maid is as important as the lawyer.•Tus amigos son tan importantes como tu profesión.•Your friends are as important as your career.2.5Irregular Comparatives (Nomásormenos)Some very common adjectives havespecial comparative forms.These forms are usedinstead ofmásormenos.
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Spanish II - Adjectives and Comparisons - Page 8 preview imageStudy GuideExamples include:•bueno →mejor(better)•malo →peor(worse)•grande →mayor(bigger / older)•pequeño →menor(smaller / younger)2.6Superlatives: The Extreme FormSuperlatives describethe highest or lowest degreeof something:•the biggest•the most beautiful•the least interesting
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Document Details

University
Texas A&M University
Course
Spanish II
Subject
World Languages

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