Spanish II - The Imperative - Quick Guides | World Languages

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Study GuideSpanish II–The Imperative1. Affirmative Tú CommandsSpanish commands can feel tricky at first, especially becausenot all commands use thesubjunctive.Here is the key idea to remember:•Thesubjunctive moodis used for:oAllaffirmative and negative commands forUd., Uds., and nosotrosoOnly negativecommands fortúandvosotros•Affirmative tú commands do NOT use the subjunctiveBecause affirmative túcommands follow special rules, they deserve extra attention.1.1Regular Affirmative Tú CommandsAffirmative tú commands are unusual—but once you know the pattern, they are easy to form.The Golden RuleAnaffirmative tú commandlooks exactly like thepresent-tense él/ella formof the verb (indicativemood).•Not the subjunctive•Not the tú form•Theél formBecause this form can look like a normal statement, Spanish speakers often addtúafter the verb forclarity.Example:•Llama cada día.•He calls every day.•Llama tú cada día.•(You) Call every day.The verb form is the same. The meaning changes because of context and the addedtú.

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Study Guide1.2How to Form Regular Affirmative Tú Commands1.Conjugate the verb in thepresent tense2.Use theél/ella form3.Apply anystem changethe verb normally hasIf the verb has a stem change in the present tense, the command keeps that change.Examples:•Produce más comida ahora.•Produce more food now.•Cuenta tú eldinero antes de salir.•Count the money before leaving.•Almuerza durante el descanso.•Eat lunch during the break.The subject pronountúmay appear, but it is optional.1.3Irregular Affirmative Tú CommandsSome very common verbsdo not followthe él-form rule.These verbs havespecial command formsthat must be memorized.

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Study Guide1.4What You Need to Know About These Verbs•These commands donotlook like the present-tense él form•They are extremely common•Memorizing them will save you time and mistakesExamples from the table include commands like:•ten(have)•pon(put)•sal(leave)•ven(come)•haz(do/make)•di(say/tell)•sé(be)•ve(go)

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Study Guide1.5A Common Source of Confusion: séThe commandsé(fromser, “to be”) looks exactly like theyo form of saber(sé, “I know”).The meaning becomes clear when you look atcontextandpronouns.Examples:•Sé tú médico porque así ganarás mucho dinero.•Be a doctor so you will earn a lot of money.•(affirmative tú command fromser)•Yo sé que los médicos ganan mucho.•I know that doctors earn a lot.•(present tenseyoform ofsaber)Usingtúoryohelps prevent confusion.1.6Negative Tú Commands (Important Reminder)When you tell someonenotto do something, the rules change.•Negative tú commandsDO use the subjunctive•Affirmative tú commandsdo NOTOnlytúandvosotroshavedifferent formsfor affirmative and negative commands.ForUd.andUds., thesame subjunctive formis used for both affirmative and negative commands.SummaryIf the command is:•Positive + tú→ useél form(or memorized irregular)•Negative + tú→ usesubjunctive

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Study Guide2. Command Forms Using the SubjunctiveSpanish commands follow clear patterns once you knowwhich forms use the subjunctiveandwhich do not. This section will help you understand how commands work and how spelling andirregularities affect them.2.1Which Commands Use the Subjunctive?Thepresent subjunctiveis used for:•Affirmative and negativecommands forUd.andUds.•Negativecommands fortúandvosotrosTheaffirmative tú commandis theonly command form that does NOT use the subjunctive.Helpful mantra to remember:“Form the yo form, drop the-o, add the opposite ending.”This mantra helps you create allsubjunctive-based command forms.2.2Sample Command Forms (Overview)The table below shows how thesame verblooks in different command forms. Notice that:•AllUd., Uds., and negative túcommands use thesubjunctive•Theaffirmative tú commanddoesnot

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Study GuideReminderAll spelling changes and stem changes that appear in thepresent subjunctivealso appear incommand forms.•Stem-changing verbs keep the same stem change•Spelling-change verbs keep the same spelling changeThis applies toall command forms except affirmative tú.2.3Commands with-go VerbsMany common verbs end in-goin theyo form(digo, tengo, pongo, etc.).These verbs:•Follow regularsubjunctive command rulesfor Ud., Uds., and negative tú•Haveirregular affirmative tú commands

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