Spanish II - Subjunctive Mood I - Quick Guides

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Study GuideSpanish II–Subjunctive Mood I1. Stem‐Changers in the Present SubjunctiveSome verbs change theirstemin the present tense.The good news is that these verbs followvery similar rulesin thepresent subjunctive.Let’s break this down step by step.The Main RuleAny verb that has a stem change in the present tense also has that same stem change in thepresent subjunctive.However, there is an important exception that you must remember.1.1The Nosotros and Vosotros ExceptionFormost stem-changing verbs, the stem change happens inall forms except:•nosotros / nosotras•vosotros / vosotrasThis means:•Theyo, tú, él/ella/usted, ellos/ellas/ustedesforms change•Thenosotrosandvosotrosforms donotchangeThis rule applies to-arand-erverbs.Example 1:Mostrar(to show)

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Study Guide(Table 1: Subjunctive Present Tense forMostrar)Notice:•muestre, muestres, muestre, muestren→ stem changeo → ue•mostremos, mostréis→no stem changeExample 2:Entender(to understand)Notice:•entienda, entiendas, entiendan→ stem changee → ie•entendamos, entendáis→no stem change

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Study Guide1.2Special Rule for-IR VerbsOnly-ir verbsbehave differently.-ir verbs DO have stem changes in the nosotros and vosotros forms, but the change isdifferentfrom the others.For these forms only:•o → u•e → iExample 3:Dormir(to sleep)(Table 3: Subjunctive Present Tense forDormir)Notice:•duerma, duermas, duerman→o → ue•durmamos, durmáis→o → uThis happensonlybecausedormiris an-ir verb.

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Study Guide1.3A Special Case:JugarThe verbjugar (to play)is especially important.It is tricky because:•It is astem-changing verb•It also has aspelling change(g → gu) to keep the correct soundBecausejugaris very common, it is worth memorizing.Example 4:Jugar(to play)(Table 4: Subjunctive Present Tense forJugar)Notice:•juegue, juegues, jueguen→u → ue•juguemos, juguéis→ spelling change +no stem changeSummary•Stem-changing verbs keep thesame stem changein the present subjunctive•Nosotros and vosotrosusuallydo notchange•Only-ir verbschange in nosotros and vosotros:oo → uoe → i•Dormirshows this special-ir pattern•Jugaris both a stem-changeranda spelling-changer

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Study Guide2. Present Subjunctive: Truly Irregular VerbsSome verbs in Spanish are calledtruly irregularin thepresent subjunctive.These verbs donotfollow the normal pattern for forming the subjunctive.Why Are These Verbs Irregular?Most verbs form the present subjunctive by:1.Taking theyo formof the present tense2.Dropping the-o3.Adding subjunctive endingsHowever,some verbs do not end in-o in the present tense.Because of this, youcannotuse the normal rule with them.These verbs must bememorized, because their subjunctive forms are unique.There arefive truly irregular verbsin the present subjunctive:•dar(to give)•estar(to be)•ir(to go)•saber(to know)•ser(to be)Each one is shown in the tables below.

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Study Guide2.1Dar (to give)Important notes:•Forms likedé, des, denhave anaccent mark•The accent helps distinguishdé(the verb) fromde(the preposition)•Thevosotros/vosotrasform (deis) doesnothave an accent because it is only one syllable2.2Estar (to be)(Table 2: Subjunctive Present Tense forEstar)

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Study GuideImportant notes:•Most forms ofestarin the subjunctive have anaccent•Thenosotros/nosotrasform (estemos) doesnothave an accent•This follows the general rules of Spanish accentuation2.3Ir (to go)Key idea:•All forms are based onvaya•These forms are completely irregular and must be memorized

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Study Guide2.4Saber (to know)Key idea:•All forms come fromsepa•The endings follow the subjunctive pattern, but the stem is irregular2.5 Ser (to be)(Table 5: Subjunctive Present Tense forSer)Key idea:•Forms are based onsea•Like the others, these forms do not follow normal subjunctive rules

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Study GuideImportant Reminders•Darhas accents to avoid confusion with the prepositionde•Estarhas accents on all formsexceptnosotros/nosotras•Accent placement followsSpanish stress rules, not randomnessSummary•Truly irregular verbsdo not follow normal subjunctive rules•They donotcome from dropping the-o of the yo form•The five verbs to memorize are:odaroestaroirosaberoser•Accent marks aremeaningful and important3. The Present SubjunctiveThe first step to using thepresent subjunctiveis learning how toform the verb correctly.The good news is that this tense is based on thepresent tense you already know.If you are comfortable with present-tense verbs—especially theyo form—the present subjunctive willfeel much easier.

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