Spanish II - Pronouns - Quick Guides

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Study GuideSpanish II–Pronouns1. Pronouns Used after a Preposition1.1What does “object of a preposition” mean?When a pronoun comesafter a preposition(likefor, with, to,orfrom), it is called theobject of apreposition.•InEnglish, these pronouns look the same as regular object pronouns (me, him, her, us).•InSpanish, things are different.•Spanish uses aspecial set of pronounsafter prepositions.These pronouns are formally calledpronombres tónicos, but it’s much easier to remember them asprepositional pronouns.The main idea to rememberPrepositional pronouns in Spanish lookalmost exactly like subject pronouns,except for twoimportant changes:•yo → mí(with an accent mark)•tú → ti(no accent mark)Notice carefully:•míhas an accent•tidoesnothave an accentAll the other forms stay the same as subject pronouns.

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Study Guide1.2Why this may feel confusing at firstFor English speakers, these pronouns can sound unusual because:•InEnglish, pronouns after prepositions sound like object pronouns (me, him, her).•InSpanish, pronouns after prepositions sound likesubject pronouns(exceptmíandti).This is normal—don’t worry! With practice, it becomes natural.Examples in Spanish and EnglishLa clase de álgebra es mejor para ella.The algebra class is best for her.Quiero viajar con ellos porque ellos conocen bien la nación.I want to travel with them because they know the nation well.Elena nos invita a nosotros porque somos buenos amigos.She invites us because we are good friends.Notice how the pronounsella, ellos, nosotrosare usedafter prepositionslikepara, con,anda.1.3Special case: con + mí / tiWhen the prepositioncon(with) is followed bymíorti, the wordscombine into one word.•con + mí → conmigo(with me)•con + ti → contigo(with you)Important detail:•The accent mark onmídisappears when it becomesconmigo.Youmustuse these combined forms—nevercon míorcon ti.Examples withconmigoandcontigoAlejandro debe explorar conmigo porque yo conozco todas las cuevas de Guadix.Alejandro should explore with me because I know all the caves of Guadix.Memo no quiere bailar contigo. Él desea bailar conmigo.Memo doesn’t want to dance with you. He wants to dance with me.

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Study GuideSummary•Pronouns after prepositions in Spanish areprepositional pronouns.•They look likesubject pronouns, except:oyo → míotú → ti•míhas an accent;tidoes not.•con + mí = conmigo•con + ti = contigoWith these rules in mind, you’ll feel much more confident using pronouns after prepositions inSpanish!2. Demonstrative Pronouns2.1What are demonstratives?Demonstratives are words likethis, that, these,andthose.They help showhow close or far something isfrom the speaker.There aretwo typesin Spanish:1.Demonstrative adjectives–describe a noun2.Demonstrative pronouns–replacea noun2.2Demonstrative adjectives vs. demonstrative pronounsAdemonstrative adjectiveis placedbefore a noun.•ese cuchillo→that knifeAdemonstrative pronounreplaces the noun when it is already understood.•ese→that (one)If the noun isnot stated, youmust use a demonstrative pronoun, not an adjective.

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Study Guide2.3Important spelling detailDemonstrative pronouns lookalmost exactly the sameas demonstrative adjectives.Theonly differenceis inwriting, not pronunciation.•Demonstrative pronouns have accent marks•Demonstrative adjectives do notThis means:•Youcan’t hearthe difference•Youmust seethe accent to know the functionExampleDo you need that knife? No, I can use this (one).•¿Necesitas ese cuchillo?•No, puedo usar éste.Éstereplacesese cuchillo, so it needs anaccent mark.2.4Demonstrative Pronouns (Table 1)Key idea from Table 1•These pronounsagree in gender and number•They match the noun they replace:omasculine / feminineosingular / plural•Every form in this tablehas an accent mark

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Study Guide2.5Neutral demonstrative pronounsSometimes, a demonstrative doesnotreplace a specific noun.Instead, it refers to:•anidea•asituation•aconcept•강조In these cases, Spanish usesneutral demonstrative pronouns.2.6Neutral Demonstrative Pronouns (Table 2)2.7Why these are different•Theydo not replace a noun•They haveno gender•There isonly one form•They are theonly demonstrative pronouns without accent marksExamples with neutral demonstrativesLa venganza; eso es el problema.Revenge; that is the problem.Eso es su motivación.That is her motivation.

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Study GuideSummary•Demonstrative pronounsreplace nouns•They are used when the noun isunderstood but not stated•Most demonstrative pronounshave accent marks•Neutral demonstratives:orefer to ideas or situationsohaveno genderodo nothave accent marksWith these rules, you’ll be able to choose the correct demonstrative pronoun with confidence!3. Possessive Pronouns3.1What are possessive pronouns?Possessive pronounsare used to showownershipwhen the noun isnot statedbecause it isalready understood.In English, we do this too:•my book→the book ismine•your pictures→the pictures areyoursSpanish works in a similar way, but the grammar rules are very important.3.2Possessive adjectives vs. possessive pronounsSpanish possessive adjectives come intwo forms:•Short form–used todescribea nounomi libro(my book)•Long form–used with adefinite articleto make apossessive pronounWhen the noun isreplaced, not described, you must use apossessive pronoun.

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Study Guide3.3How possessive pronouns are formed (Table 1)Key ideaA possessive pronoun is formed by:•thedefinite article(el, la, los, las)•plus thelong formof the possessive adjectiveWhen the noun is not stated, the long formbecomes the pronoun.3.4Gender and number rules (very important!)Possessive pronounsdo NOTagree with the owner.They agree with thenoun being owned, even if that noun is not said.Ask yourself:•Is the nounmasculine or feminine?•Is itsingular or plural?That decides the form of the possessive pronoun.

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Study Guide3.5Possessive pronoun forms (Table 2)3.6How the chart is organized•The order matches thesubject pronounsof the owner:oyo → el mío / la mía / los míos / las mías•Thenumber(singular or plural) matches thething owned, not the owner.•It doesnot matter how many people own the noun.Example:•el suyoonly becomes plural if thenoun is plural, not because multiple people own it.3.7Using possessive pronouns with ser and estarA very common use of possessive pronouns isafter linking verbslikeserorestar.In English, possession changes form:•my book→the book ismineSpanish works the same way.Examplesel libro mío(my book)El libro es mío.The book is mine.

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Study Guidelas fotografías bonitas tuyas(your pretty pictures)Las fotografías bonitas son tuyas.The pretty pictures are yours.la casa nuestra(our house)La casa es nuestra.The house is ours.las niñas suyas(his / her / their / your [formal] girls)Las niñas son suyas.The girls are his / hers / theirs / yours.Summary•Possessive pronounsreplace nouns•They are formed using:oadefinite articleothelong formof a possessive adjective•They agree with thenoun being owned, not the owner•They are often used afterserorestarOnce you focus on thenoun being owned, possessive pronouns become much easier to use!4. Pronoun PlacementIn Spanish,where you place pronouns matters. At first, it can feel confusing—but once you learn afew clear rules, it becomes much easier. Let’s break it down step by step.4.1 Types of Object Pronouns and Their OrderThere arethree kinds of object pronounsyou’ll work with most often:•Reflexive pronouns(myself, yourself, etc.)

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Study Guide•Indirect object pronouns(to/for someone)•Direct object pronouns(the thing being acted on)When more than one pronoun appears in the same sentence, theymust follow a specific order:RID = Reflexive → Indirect → DirectThink ofRIDas your memory trick:•R= Reflexive•I= Indirect•D= DirectYou might use:•a reflexive + direct object•an indirect + direct objectIt’srareto use all three together, but the order never changes.4.2 Special Rule: Two Pronouns Starting with “L”Ifboth object pronouns start with the letter “l”(likeleandlo), thefirst one changes tose.Important:Thisseisnot reflexive, even though it looks like one.4.3 Where Pronouns Go with One VerbEvery sentence needsat least one verb.If there isonly one conjugated verb, the RID pronouns godirectly in front of that verb(unless it’sa command).Examples:•La señora Gómez enseña las lecciones.•(Mrs. Gomez teaches the lessons.)•La señora Gómezlasenseña.

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