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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Document preview page 1

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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations

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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 1 preview imageStudy GuideSpanish IIPassive Voice Conjunctions SentenceVariations1. Conjunctions1.1What Is a Conjunction?Aconjunctionis a word that connects ideas. Most of the time, it joins two phrases or two completesentences. In English, we use words likeand,but, andor. Spanish uses similar words, but some ofthem work a little differently. This chapter explains the most common Spanish conjunctions and howto use them correctly.1.2Pero and MasSaying “But”PeroThe conjunctionperomeans“but”and connects two independent ideas, just likehoweverin English.Example:Quieren asistir al concierto de Orishas pero nopueden viajar a Francia.They want to attend the Orishas concert, but they can’t travel to France.MasThe wordmasalso means“but.”It is a synonym ofpero, but it is used less often and sounds moreformal.Example:No compraría un nuevo coche mas lo necesito tanto.I wouldn’t buy a new car, but I need it so much.When“but”means“other than”or“except,”Spanish usesmas que.Example:Nadie mas que Luis quiere asistir al concierto de Ranchero.Nobody but Luis wants to attend the Ranchero concert.
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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 2 preview imageStudy Guide1.3Sino“But Rather”When to Use SinoUsesinowhen:The first part of the sentence isnegativeThe second partcorrects or contradictsthe firstExample:Shakira no canta su nueva canción en inglés sino en español.Shakira doesn’t sing her new song in English but rather in Spanish.1.4Sino + InfinitiveIf a verb comes right aftersino, it must stay in theinfinitive form.Example:No queremos trabajar sino escaparnos a la playa.We don’t want to work but rather escape to the beach.1.5Sino queIfsinois followed by a subject and aconjugated verb, you must usesino que.Example:Tú no hiciste tusquehaceres sino que jugaste juegos de video.You didn’t do your chores but rather played video games.1.6No solamente … sino tambiénSpanish usesno solamente … sino tambiénto say“not only … but also.”Example:No solamente los niños sino también los padres querrán ver la nueva película de Disney.Not only the kids but also the parents will want to see the new Disney movie.
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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 3 preview imageStudy Guide1.7O and Y“Or” and “And”O“Or”Useoto give choices.Iftwo singular nounsare joined byo, the verb issingularbecause only one subject acts.Example:Juan o Carlos baila el flamenco hoy.Juan or Carlos dances flamenco today.Ifboth nouns are plural, the verb isplural.Example:Mis vecinos o mis amigos cuidan a mis perros cuando viajo.My neighborsor my friends take care of my dogs when I travel.1.8O → UOchanges toubefore a word that starts withoorhoto avoid awkward sounds.Examples:Miami u OrlandoBuenos días u hola1.9Y“And”The conjunctionymeans“and.”It creates acompound subject, so the verb isplural.Example:Memo y Amberina bailan bien la salsa.Memo and Amberina dance salsa well.
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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 4 preview imageStudy Guide1.10Y → EYchanges toebefore words that start withiorhi.Examples:Lilia e Ignacio se casan este junio.Agua e hielo1.11Ni … ni“Neither … nor”In negative sentences, Spanish usesni … ni.Important difference from English:Even withni … ni, the verb ispluralin Spanish.Example:Ni Julia ni Manolo entienden la lección.Neither Julia nor Manolo understands the lesson.1.12Subordinate ConjunctionsWhat Are They?Subordinate conjunctionsintroducedependent clausesclauses that cannot stand alone. Theseconjunctions often work with theindicativeorsubjunctive, depending on meaning.Common Subordinate ConjunctionsSome frequently used ones include:a menos que(unless)antes de que(before)para que(so that)en caso de que(in case that)como si(as iffollowed by past subjunctive)
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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 5 preview imageStudy Guide1.13Conjunctions That Always Use the IndicativeThese expresscertainty:porque(because)ya que(now that)puesto que(since/because)desde que(since a moment in time)1.14Conjunctions That Can Use Indicative or SubjunctiveThese depend oncertainty vs. uncertainty:cuando(when)aunque(although / even if)si(if)hasta que(until)después de que(after)1.15AunqueA Key DifferenceSubjunctive → “even if”(uncertain outcome)La amará para siempre aunque ella se case con otro hombre.He will love her forever even if she marries another man.Indicative → “even though”(known fact)J.Lo no se casará con él aunque él escribió esa canción sobre ella.J.Lo will not marry him even though he wrote that song about her.1.16Así que / De modo que / De manera que“So That”These mean“so that.”Useindicativeif the result is expected or already happening.Usesubjunctiveif the result isnot yet real.
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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 6 preview imageStudy GuideExamples:Enviamos muchas cartas así que recibiremos algo en el correo.Alberto rompió la carta de manera que nunca pudiera arreglarla.1.17ComoMultiple MeaningsComocan mean:“Like” / “as”“In the same way as”“Since”(when giving a reason)Examples:Te amo como amo a mi hermano.Como tienes 15 años, ya puedes conducir.1.18Para que vs. PorquePara quePurposeUsepara quewhen the second clause explains thegoalof the first.→ Always followed bysubjunctive.Ana estudia mucho para que sus padres se sientan orgullosos.PorqueReasonUseporqueto explainwhysomething happens.Question and answer pattern:¿Por qué trajiste esa maleta?Porque tengo que salir para Chicago.
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Spanish II - Passive Voice Conjunctions Sentence Variations - Page 7 preview imageStudy Guide1.19Puesto que and Ya que“Since”Puesto queusually comesbetween clauses.Ya quecan come at the beginning or middle.Use a comma when it starts the sentence.Examples:Ya que llegaste temprano, podemos tomar el próximo autobús.Podemos tomar el próximo autobús ya que llegaste temprano.1.20Correlative ConjunctionsThese come inpairsand work together:ni … ni(neither … nor)o … o(either … or)tanto … como(as much … as)no sólo … sino también(not only … but also)1.21Other Useful Conjunctive Phrasessin embargo(however)no obstante(nevertheless)mientras tanto(meanwhile)ni siquiera(not even)
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